"Dívida pública cresce dois milhões por hora"
quinta-feira, julho 15, 2010
Ainda acerca do EFQM
Por que não começamos pelo elo mais fraco, por que não começamos pela verificação das deficiências que têm de ser ultrapassadas, somos tentados pelos grandes projectos... bons porque sim.
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Por isso é que falhamos quando praticamos o empurrar em vez do puxar...
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Por isso é que falhamos quando apostamos no PDCA em vez de no CAPD... está tudo aqui.
Macro-economistas e modelos de negócio
Este artigo de Helena Garrido no JdN "O treinador de bancada do Banco de Portugal" desencadeia algumas reflexões:
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"Que bom deve ser estar sentado numa confortável sala climatizada a emitir opiniões sobre uma realidade que apenas se conhece através de indicadores e estudos." (Moi ici: a autora escreve sobre o BdP mas o que escreve aplica-se aos políticos e macroeconomistas que nunca trabalharam na microeconomia e julgam-se Grandes Planeadores)
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Ontem, ao ler este artigo "Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation" de David Teece e publicado na Long Range Planning 43 (2010) volto a encontrar temas a merecerem reflexão. Um deles é a falta de adesão... ou antes, o atraso da teoria económica face à realidade do mundo actual.
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Por exemplo, acerca dos modelos de negócio:
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1.O que é um modelo de negócio.
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"“A business model articulates the logic and provides data and other evidence that demonstrates how a business creates and delivers value to customers. It also outlines the architecture of revenues, costs, and profits associated with the business enterprise delivering that value.
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The issues related to good business model design are all interrelated, and lie at the core of the fundamental question asked by business strategists - how does one build a sustainable competitive advantage and turn a super normal profit? In short, a business model defines how the enterprise creates and delivers value to customers, and then converts payments received to profits. To profit from innovation, business pioneers need to excel not only at product innovation (Moi ici: Sinek reflecte aqui sobre o risco de nos concentrarmos no produto e perdermos toda a arquitectura necessária para oferecer a proposta de valor) but also at business model design, understanding business design options as well as customer needs and technological trajectories. Developing a successful business model is insufficient to assure competitive advantage as imitation is often easy: a differentiated (and hard to imitate) e yet effective and efficient e business model is more likely to yield profits. Business model innovation can itself be a pathway to competitive advantage if the model is sufficiently differentiated and hard to replicate for incumbents and new entrants alike.
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In essence, a business model embodies nothing less than the organizational and financial ‘architecture’ of a business."
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The issues related to good business model design are all interrelated, and lie at the core of the fundamental question asked by business strategists - how does one build a sustainable competitive advantage and turn a super normal profit? In short, a business model defines how the enterprise creates and delivers value to customers, and then converts payments received to profits. To profit from innovation, business pioneers need to excel not only at product innovation (Moi ici: Sinek reflecte aqui sobre o risco de nos concentrarmos no produto e perdermos toda a arquitectura necessária para oferecer a proposta de valor) but also at business model design, understanding business design options as well as customer needs and technological trajectories. Developing a successful business model is insufficient to assure competitive advantage as imitation is often easy: a differentiated (and hard to imitate) e yet effective and efficient e business model is more likely to yield profits. Business model innovation can itself be a pathway to competitive advantage if the model is sufficiently differentiated and hard to replicate for incumbents and new entrants alike.
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In essence, a business model embodies nothing less than the organizational and financial ‘architecture’ of a business."
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2.E o que diz a teoria económica sobre os modelos de negócio:
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"The concept of a business model lacks theoretical grounding in economics or in business studies.
Quite simply there is no established place in economic theory for business models; and there is not a single scientific paper in the mainstream economics journals that analyses or discusses business models in the sense they are defined here.
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In standard approaches to competitive markets, the problem of capturing value is quite simply assumed away: inventions are often assumed to create value naturally and, enjoying protection of iron-clad patents, firms can capture value by simply selling output in established markets, which are assumed to exist for all products and inventions. Thus there are no puzzles about how to design a business e it is simply assumed that if value is delivered, customers will always pay for it.
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In short, figuring out business models for a new or existing product or business is an unnecessary step in textbook economics, where it is not uncommon to work with theoretical constructs which assume fully developed spot and forward markets, strong property rights, the costless transfer of information, perfect arbitrage, and no innovation. In mainstream approaches, there is simply no need to worry about the value proposition to the customer, or the architecture of revenues and costs, or about mechanisms to capture value. Customers will buy if the price is less that the utility yielded; producers will supply if price is at or above all costs including a return to capital e the price system resolves everything and business design issues simply don’t arise.
"The concept of a business model lacks theoretical grounding in economics or in business studies.
Quite simply there is no established place in economic theory for business models; and there is not a single scientific paper in the mainstream economics journals that analyses or discusses business models in the sense they are defined here.
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In standard approaches to competitive markets, the problem of capturing value is quite simply assumed away: inventions are often assumed to create value naturally and, enjoying protection of iron-clad patents, firms can capture value by simply selling output in established markets, which are assumed to exist for all products and inventions. Thus there are no puzzles about how to design a business e it is simply assumed that if value is delivered, customers will always pay for it.
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In short, figuring out business models for a new or existing product or business is an unnecessary step in textbook economics, where it is not uncommon to work with theoretical constructs which assume fully developed spot and forward markets, strong property rights, the costless transfer of information, perfect arbitrage, and no innovation. In mainstream approaches, there is simply no need to worry about the value proposition to the customer, or the architecture of revenues and costs, or about mechanisms to capture value. Customers will buy if the price is less that the utility yielded; producers will supply if price is at or above all costs including a return to capital e the price system resolves everything and business design issues simply don’t arise.
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But general equilibrium models, with (one-sided) markets and perfect competition are a caricature of the real world. Intangible products are in fact ubiquitous, two-sided markets are common, and customers don’t just want products; they want solutions to their perceived needs. In some cases, markets may not even exist, so entrepreneurs may have to build organizations in order to perform activities for which markets are not yet ready. Accordingly, in the real world, entrepreneurs and managers must give close consideration to the design of business models and even to building businesses to execute transactions which cannot yet be performed in the market.
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It’s also true that business models have no place within the theoretical constructs of planned economies (just as in a perfectly competitive economy). While central planners do need to understand the stages in the production system, in a supply driven system - where consumers merely get what the system produces - business models simply aren’t necessary. There is no problem associated with producers capturing value because value doesn’t even have to be captured; the state decides what and how to produce, and how to pay for it all."
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It’s also true that business models have no place within the theoretical constructs of planned economies (just as in a perfectly competitive economy). While central planners do need to understand the stages in the production system, in a supply driven system - where consumers merely get what the system produces - business models simply aren’t necessary. There is no problem associated with producers capturing value because value doesn’t even have to be captured; the state decides what and how to produce, and how to pay for it all."
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Ou seja, os macroeconomistas, que não sabem o que é um modelo de negócio, que não usam modelos de negócio, que lidam com caricaturas do mundo económico baseadas no conceito absurdo de equilíbrio que Walras introduziu... não admira que depois só conheçam uma alavanca para reforçar a competitividade de uma empresa: baixar o preço!!!!!!!
quarta-feira, julho 14, 2010
BSC e software
Hoje, ao princípio da tarde, numa reunião colocaram-me a pergunta.
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Hoje, ao final da tarde, ao consultar o e-mail tinha a mesma pergunta.
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"Andava, precisamente, à procura de uma aplicação informática com licença de utilização livre para um BSC. Conhece alguma??"
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Segue-se a minha tentativa de resposta:
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Não uso aplicações informáticas para BSC por duas razões:
- O software que encontro comete erros de palmatória
- "Comportamentos, padrões... não, "hapenings"; não, eventos; não, meteoros"
- "Pistas para criação e reflexão sobre dashboards"
- "Exemplo de balanced scorecard (parte VI)"
- Por isso prefiro criar os meus dashboards com este software "Microcharts"
- Por outro lado, quero reforçar nas empresas, que um projecto de implementação de um BSC não é um projecto de implementação de software, porque há uma tendência para que o projecto, em vez de reflexão estratégica, se transforme na implementação de software.
Determinação, paixão, procura, caminhada.
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The point is worth stressing. In a free market economy, scarcity (the relative supply and demand), not inherent value, is rewarded. (Moi ici: Como isto se afasta do cânone marxiano dominante... o valor não decorre da quantidade de trabalho embutida na sua criação, produção e distribuição, mas da maior ou menor escassez aos olhos de quem compra.) If many other people have what you have, then you cannot earn a premium or distinguish yourself just because you have it.
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Intelligence, IQ, brains, and smarts are all important, but they are also more common than drive and determination. The latter will be more highly rewarded and also more determinative of
future success."
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O valor de um produto/serviço está sempre sujeito à corrosão:
- alguém pode copiar e fazer o mesmo, adeus escassez;
- alguém pode aparecer com algo melhor, adeus liderança;
- pode-se descobrir algo negativo que se desconhecia sobre o produto/serviço, adeus interesse
O fundamental é a determinação da procura contínua, alicerçada na paixão.
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O fundamental é não acreditar que haverá sempre queijo garantido no dia de amanhã!
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Trechos retirados de "Strategy and the Fat Smoker" de David Maister.
Acerca do EFQM
Ainda ontem o Presidente da Republica disse:
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"O Presidente da República, Cavaco Silva, voltou hoje a alertar para a necessidade de se ter "muito cuidado" na definição das prioridades, ...
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Alertando ser fundamental ter "muito cuidado" na definição das prioridades, "quer a nível central, quer a nível local""
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Alertando ser fundamental ter "muito cuidado" na definição das prioridades, "quer a nível central, quer a nível local""
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A definição de prioridades é fundamental, sempre!!!
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Os recursos são sempre escassos, por isso, é fundamental equacionar onde os aplicar.
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Tudo isto a propósito de "Hospital de Faro aposta na implementação do Modelo da EFQM".
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Ao longo dos anos tenho expressado o meu desagrado com os modelos de excelência. Os modelos de excelência não contribuem, não promovem a definição de prioridades para o negócio, não distinguem processos críticos de processos contexto, todos os processos são importantes... se todos são importantes... nenhum é importante.
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Postais onde já abordei o tema podem ser consultados aqui:
- "O elo mais fraco" (que começa assim: "Porque não acredito nos modelos da qualidade para a excelência");
- "Exemplo de acção preventiva (parte VII)";
- "Comentários (parte II)"
OK?! Caro andrecruzzz!
Confúcio e os clientes-alvo?
"Zigong asked Confucius, "What would you say if all the people of a village like a person?"
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"That is not enough," replied Confucius.
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"What would you say if all the people of the village dislike a person?"
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"That is not enough," replied Confucius.
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"It is better when the good people of the village like him, and the bad people dislike him"
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"You cannot and should not try to please everyone. Make sure that the right people like you, and it will be expected that others will not. That's how the world works."
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Quem são os clientes-alvo da sua organização?
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E fica preocupado por nem todos os clientes da sua empresa manifestarem satisfação total nos inquéritos ISO 9001?
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E é induzido a melhorar o desempenho face a todos os clientes pelos auditores e consultores?
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Trechos retirados de "Strategy and the Fat Smoker" de David Maister
terça-feira, julho 13, 2010
Era importante e interessante...
... que alguém prestasse contas sobre as consequências, os resultados, sobre o retorno destes powerpoints "Plano Tecnológico".
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Carl Sagan ensinou-me muitas coisas, uma delas foi aprender a admirar a humildade intelectual de Kepler... quando percebeu que as medições recolhidas por Huygens não suportavam o seu modelo conceptual sobre os sólidos perfeitos para explicar o movimento dos astros.
Nichos em todo o lado
Embora o estilo de escrita seja um pouco ... quesadista, acredito que o nosso futuro, como comunidade com futuro, tem de passar necessariamente por um ecossistema de modelos de negócio em torno desta ideia fundamental (não é a única, mas é a mais frequente e em torno da qual outras se subordinam):
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Interessante sublinhar que, segundo Hermann Simon, o poder económico de um grande país como a Alemanha não assenta nas grandes empresas mediáticas, envolvidas na política e com milhares de trabalhadores (como por exemplo a VW), mas nos campeões anónimos, as empresas desconhecidas que trabalham para nichos de mercado e que dominam esses nichos.
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A aposta em nichos de mercado parece-me ser o caminho de futuro para a maioria das empresas em qualquer parte do mundo.
Para reflexão
Tanta discussão em curso sobre o futuro do emprego, e do emprego de qualidade nos EUA, fazia bem uma reflexão do género por cá:
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É importante não esquecer que o emprego é como o lucro, é algo que se deseja, mas se se quer que seja sustentável, não se pode olhar para ele como um objectivo directo a perseguir. Dessa forma faltará sempre a reacção em cadeia que separa o triângulo do tetraedro do fogo.
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O emprego (ou o lucro) tem de ser encarado como a consequência de outras acções e objectivos perseguidos a montante.
Os alemães a prepararem o depois de amanhã
Os alemães não vão em fantasias e ilusionismo.
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Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble, in complete agreement with Merkel, said: "We have to think about how, in an extreme situation, member states could become insolvent in an orderly fashion without threatening the euro zone as a whole."
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"But is this feasible? In a situation in which a euro-zone country can no longer service its debts, the government experts propose a "tailored combination of maturity extension and a suitable reduction of the face value or interest rate" of the bonds in question. In other words, creditors receive less money than they are entitled to, and they have to wait longer for it, a process experts refer to as a "haircut."
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Começam a preparar os cortes de cabelo dos PIIGS "Merkel's Rules for Bankruptcy"
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Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble, in complete agreement with Merkel, said: "We have to think about how, in an extreme situation, member states could become insolvent in an orderly fashion without threatening the euro zone as a whole."
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"The experts propose a two-step procedure. In describing the goals of this approach, Schäuble says: "Whenever a company files for bankruptcy, the creditors must relinquish a portion of their claims. The same should apply in cases of national bankruptcy." (Moi ici: Acho muito bem, para que da próxima vez que emprestarem pensarem duas vezes)
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"The reformers expect the plan to have a deterrent effect, both for lenders and borrowers. If banks and private investors must anticipate that they may not recoup all of their investment, they will be more cautious about lending money to certain countries."
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"But is this feasible? In a situation in which a euro-zone country can no longer service its debts, the government experts propose a "tailored combination of maturity extension and a suitable reduction of the face value or interest rate" of the bonds in question. In other words, creditors receive less money than they are entitled to, and they have to wait longer for it, a process experts refer to as a "haircut."
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A versão do Público
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Outra versão.
segunda-feira, julho 12, 2010
Courage is one of the scarcest commodities there is
“Too many firms have made growth and size, rather than differentiation, their strategic priority. Instead of identifying and executing a clear market positioning, many companies and firms have consciously pursued a policy of “If you need it, we can do it!”
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“staying focused and true to a strategy has been, and always will be, hard to do.
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The hunger for volume has meant that many individuals and firms are uncomfortable with (or even shocked by) the notion that, to achieve a distinctive strategy, they will need to turn away work that a major competitor may reasonable want to serve.”
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“you can’t get the benefits of a strategy that you don’t implement, and half measures are unlikely to work. Strategy is not about understanding something – or planning to get around to it. It’s about having the courage to make it happen. You can’t let other people, even clients, determine the pace at which you create your distinctiveness.”
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“Courage is one of the scarcest commodities there is. That’s why it’s a significant source of competitive advantage!”
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“staying focused and true to a strategy has been, and always will be, hard to do.
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The hunger for volume has meant that many individuals and firms are uncomfortable with (or even shocked by) the notion that, to achieve a distinctive strategy, they will need to turn away work that a major competitor may reasonable want to serve.”
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“you can’t get the benefits of a strategy that you don’t implement, and half measures are unlikely to work. Strategy is not about understanding something – or planning to get around to it. It’s about having the courage to make it happen. You can’t let other people, even clients, determine the pace at which you create your distinctiveness.”
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“Courage is one of the scarcest commodities there is. That’s why it’s a significant source of competitive advantage!”
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Trechos retirados de "Strategy and the Fat Smoker" de David Maister
domingo, julho 11, 2010
Ganhar competitividade reduzindo a complexidade
"A strategy is not just choosing a target market, but actally designing an operation that will consistently deliver the superior client benefits you claim to provide." (Moi ici: O sumo que se encerra nesta frase!!! Quando escolhemos um mercado-alvo, quando escolhemos um tipo de clientes-alvo, se os queremos servir bem, se os queremos servir com vantagem competitiva, temos de transformar a nossa organização numa máquina dedicada, concentrada, alinhada, sintonizada em servir esses clientes-alvo)
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"Strategy is deciding whose business you are going to turn away" (Moi ici: Assim, se escolhemos um tipo como os clientes-alvo, se transformamos a nossa organização numa máquina dedicada a servi-los bem, transformamos a nossa organização numa máquina pouco competitiva para servir outros tipos de clientes)
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"As companies keep discovering to their detriment, it is certain business decay if you try to plase all possible market segments. The broader the group of clients to which you try to appeal, or the wider the range of services you try to provide, the less customized your operation can be to each segment within that group.
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If you never say "no," you will just be one more undifferentiated firm, trying to do a little bit of everything and, as Skinner pointed out, will almost certainly be superb at none of them" (Moi ici: Esta semana tive uma reunião com o gerente de uma pequena empresa cheia, repleta, atolada de trabalho, que já descobriu isto sozinho. Em vez de ter uma empresa que faz tudo e recorrer a subcontratados que não cumprem, que não têm qualidade, que não sabem dizer não... Por que não ter duas empresas: uma para as grandes séries e trabalhos baratos e, outra para a nata. Para uma o preço como factor competitivo (order winner), para outra o preço como factor higiénico (order qualifier) (Terry Hill))
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Trechos retirados de "Strategy and the Fat Smoker" de David Maister
Os verdelhões, os papa-moscas, os chapins, os ...
... alimentam o cuco até não dar mais.
"90% dos aumentos de impostos entre 1995 e 2008 foi para pagar o aumento da massa salarial na Função Pública" (Medina Carreira no programa Plano Inclinado na SIC-N de ontem)
"90% dos aumentos de impostos entre 1995 e 2008 foi para pagar o aumento da massa salarial na Função Pública" (Medina Carreira no programa Plano Inclinado na SIC-N de ontem)
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Depois, os cucos ainda se queixam da qualidade da gestão dos verdelhões, chapins e companhia...
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No entanto, são estas pequenas empresas, anónimas, sem tempo para frequentar os corredores e tapetes do poder, que mantêm este país a funcionar:
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ADENDA: Estes chapins trabalham como desalmados para continuar a alimentar o cuco "Teixeira dos Santos mantém tabu sobre congelamentos salariais em 2011"
Simplex
Ontem à noite no programa Plano Inclinado da SIC-N, João Duque referia que tinha lido o CV de todos os ministros do actual governo e tinha constatado que nem um tinha feito parte dos corpos sociais de uma empresa privada.
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O que é que se aprende quando se trabalha nos dias de hoje numa empresa privada que não vive à custa do Estado? Que não opera no mercado dos bens não transaccionáveis?
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Uma dessas coisas é a importância de servir os clientes.
Ganhar dinheiro é uma consequência de conseguir satisfazer os clientes de forma sustentada.
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Uma outra dessas coisas é a importância da rapidez.
Se se é lento, compete-se pelo preço, compete-se pelo que já não é novidade, não se tem grande futuro. Se se é rápido, tem-se uma vantagem competitiva.
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Para que é que existe o Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes Terrestres? Qual a sua razão de ser? Qual a sua finalidade?
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BTW, onde é que 90 lugares sentados e 40 de pé dão 150?
sábado, julho 10, 2010
Retrato rápido da evolução salarial na Alemanha em 2009
"Des salaires de base légèrement plus dynamiques en Allemagne qu’en France en 2009"
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E ainda vamos descobrir que os custos unitários do trabalho voltaram a baixar...
Não é a mesma coisa
Krugman continua a laborar no erro do costume: gastar não é o mesmo que investir.
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Gastar gasta-se, no momento em que acaba o dinheiro acaba-se o incentivo para a continuação da tarefa.
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Investir é diferente, quando se esgota o dinheiro inicial do investimento, se o investimento foi bem feito, já o retorno do mesmo permite manter e fazer crescer o empreendimento.
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Faz-me lembrar a passagem do triângulo do fogo para o tetraedro do fogo, se não houver reacção em cadeia... não há tetraedro
Vai ser assim
Este é um sintomas do princípio do fim...
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... do fim deste estado de coisas, do apodrecimento da situação, do fim das ilusões:
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sexta-feira, julho 09, 2010
Cover the Canvas
Ao desenvolver e implementar um sistema de gestão da qualidade não gosto de perder muito tempo com a versão inicial da documentação que descreve o funcionamento dos processos.
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Não por que não veja valor nesses documentos, mas por que acredito que demasiado investimento à procura da versão inicial ideal retira ímpeto, retira momentum ao projecto. Por outro lado, ao concluir rapidamente a documentação limita-se, traça-se uma fronteira em torno do projecto... até lá, há sempre uma sensação de algo incerto, algo difuso, não se conhece onde acaba o trabalho. Por outro lado, assim que acaba a cartografia rápida, podem-se iniciar as auditorias no terreno e, a partir daí, aparecerão sucessivas versões mais completas, mais adequadas.
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Ontem, deparei com este texto que explica a metodologia que sigo de forma muito mais clara "Cover the Canvas":
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"Why Cover the Canvas works
The genius of this conception is twofold. First, we discover that the strongpoints we’ve bypassed often melt away by themselves. Second, once we’ve reached our objective, however shakily, the enemy frequently gives up. He can’t believe we’re on his doorstep. He waves the white flag.
Our enemy as artists is Resistance. If we make the mistake in our first draft of playing perfectionist, if we agonize over syntax and take a week to finish Chapter One, by the time we’ve reached Chapter Four, we’ll have hit the wall. Resistance will beat us.
But if we can stay nimble and keep advancing, slapping paint on the canvas and words on the page till we’ve got something that works from east to west and north to south, however imperfectly, then we’re like Mattis’ Marines on the threshold of Baghdad. True, we’ve got plenty more fighting to do, but at least we’re here. We’ve got something we can work with."
The genius of this conception is twofold. First, we discover that the strongpoints we’ve bypassed often melt away by themselves. Second, once we’ve reached our objective, however shakily, the enemy frequently gives up. He can’t believe we’re on his doorstep. He waves the white flag.
Our enemy as artists is Resistance. If we make the mistake in our first draft of playing perfectionist, if we agonize over syntax and take a week to finish Chapter One, by the time we’ve reached Chapter Four, we’ll have hit the wall. Resistance will beat us.
But if we can stay nimble and keep advancing, slapping paint on the canvas and words on the page till we’ve got something that works from east to west and north to south, however imperfectly, then we’re like Mattis’ Marines on the threshold of Baghdad. True, we’ve got plenty more fighting to do, but at least we’re here. We’ve got something we can work with."
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Podemos recordar "O sentido de urgência é um must"
Bandeira ou algo mais?
O que se pretende com a certificação do sistema de gestão da qualidade de uma organização? Uma bandeira ou algo mais?
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De vez em quando encontro empresas certificadas com objectivos da qualidade que não passam de treta, são genéricos, infantis e nada têm a ver com o negócio.
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"2. Auditing quality objectivesAuditors need to verify that the organization’s overall quality objectives have been defined, that they reflect the quality policy, are substantially coherent, aligned and compatible with the overall business objectives, including customer expectations. (Moi ici: Treta, quantas vezes deparo com empresas certificadas e com objectivos da qualidade da treta, objectivos sem qualquer relação com o negócio) If this is not the case, the auditors should further evaluate Top Management commitment to quality. (Moi ici: LOL)
The fulfilment of quality objectives needs to be measurable and documented.
There is no specified way of identifying or documenting quality objectives, as these may appear through business plans, management review outputs, annual budgets, etc. It is up to the auditors to satisfy themselves that the objectives are adequately documented.
The auditors should obtain evidence of the way the quality objectives are suitably cascaded throughout the organization’s structure and processes, linking the general strategic objectives to management objectives and down to specific operational activities. (Moi ici:LOL, brincamos. Até parece que muitos auditores de terceira parte não conhecem estas linhas de orientação)
It is recommended that the documented quality objectives should be examined at the
documentation review stage of the audit.
Before the end of the audit, the auditors have to satisfy themselves that the quality objectives are realistic and relevant, and that the organization has assigned to responsible personnel the resources needed to meet their objectives. Evidence of this should be obtained at all levels of the organization.
Quality objectives are not static and need to be updated in the light of the current business climate and the quest for continual improvement. Auditors should verify that the overall performance of the organization reflects the aims of the quality policy and reasonably meets the quality objectives.
Auditors should keep in mind that the fulfilment of objectives can be measured in a quantitative or qualitative manner. They should also remember that there is a clear link between the dynamic aspects of revising the quality policy and the quality objectives and the commitment of the organization to continual improvement."
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quinta-feira, julho 08, 2010
A acontecer... será um autêntico day of reckoning
"Legal noose tightens on Europe's monetary union":
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"Contrary to general belief, Germany’s eurosceptic professors have not abandoned their legal efforts to block the EU rescues for European banks exposed to Greek debt, and since May 7 for banks exposed to debt from Spain, Portugal, and Ireland as well.
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Should they succeed, of course, the eurozone risks disintegration within days, and perhaps hours. I am not sure that investors in New York, London, Tokyo, Beijing, or indeed Frankfurt quite understand this."
Should they succeed, of course, the eurozone risks disintegration within days, and perhaps hours. I am not sure that investors in New York, London, Tokyo, Beijing, or indeed Frankfurt quite understand this."
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Alguém quer fornecer um modelo alternativo que explique estas observações?
Factos:
- Os salários alemães (parte Ocidental) entre 2002 e 2007 subiram 9%; (daqui)
- Os custos unitários do trabalho na Alemanha, durante a primeira década do século XXI subiram 20% menos que na Europa do Sul; (daqui)
- Os preços no produtor, na Alemanha, durante a primeira década do século XXI tiveram esta evolução: (daqui)
- Exportações alemãs de vento em poupa e desemprego a baixar (daqui)
Entretidos com folhetins nacionais socialistas
Todos contra a Telefónica...
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Entretanto a dura realidade continua a minar os alicerces onde assenta este estado de coisas:
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Produtividade e salários ou O jogo do gato e do rato (parte VI)
"Setting aside whether or not such programs would be effective, an implicit assumption is that higher productivity will turn into higher wages. However, although this relationship was once fairly solid -- changes in productivity translated into real wage gains -- it has not held up in recent decades. The growth in wages has lagged behind the growth in productivity:
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productivity growth is supposed to yield improved economic outcomes via higher real wages. Yet ... labor's share of output has been steadily decreasing since the early 1980s. This downward trend was interrupted by gains evident during the tech bubble of the mid-1990s. Apparently, only during that brief, shining moment of generational technological change did the productivity story work as we believe it should, at least since the early 1980's.Gains in productivity won't work the wonders described above if they don't translate into gains in real income for the working class. The fact that wages are not keeping up with productivity, something that should happen when markets function well, indicates something is awry in the distribution of gains in the economy. The cause of this is the source of much controversy, and some say nothing is awry at all -- it's just that the "skill premium" has increased substantially causing the distribution of income to become more skewed. But some of the highest rewards for increases in productivity went to people in the financial industry, and we know now that those productivity gains weren't really there -- the rewards were based on an illusion rather than something real. And I don't think the change in the skill premium is the whole story in any case. The reduction in the ability of labor to bargain on an equal footing with employers due to the decline in unions and other forces also played an important role in holding down real wages in recent decades." (daqui)
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Voltemos à figura:
Antigamente, o aumento da produtividade acontecia sobretudo à custa da diminuição dos custos, do aumento da eficiência. No entanto, nesse tempo, não só a concorrência não era tão forte e tão omnipresente, como a globalização não tinha chegado aos Low-Cost-Manufacturing-Countries (LCMC). Assim, nesses tempos, os ganhos de produtividade podiam ser distribuídos entre o capital e o trabalho de forma mais equitativa.
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Ainda, nesses tempos, como se pode aprender no livro "The Lords of Strategy" de Walter Kiechel III o mundo competitivo era muito mais infantil, mais naíve e carregado de mistério (na linha do que Roger Martin define no seu livro "The Design of Business")
Hoje, o que antes era um mistério, foi traduzido, e transformado em linhas de código de um qualquer algoritmo.
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Assim, hoje, perante um excesso de capacidade produtiva e perante a inexistência de mistérios, é a própria sobrevivência das empresas que é posta em causa ao canalizar as magras e raquíticas décimas de ponto percentual de aumento da produtividade para salários. Basta atentar nesta série recente "O jogo do gato e do rato" (especial a parte IV e a parte I, com a tirada do ministro TdS.)
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Voltando à primeira figura deste postal... quem me conhece já sabe qual a receita que proponho para vencer este paradoxo... fujam da guerra dos custos que só vos levará à anorexia da Red Queen.
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Só a concentração na criação de valor, só a concentração no numerador da equação da produtividade permitirá compensar melhor os trabalhadores, sem pôr em causa a competitividade das empresas.
Começar pelo fim!!!
Há muito que defendo neste blogue o começar pelo fim, o começar pelo ponto de chegada. O que fazemos é instrumental, é o que nos faz chegar ao porto ambicionado. Por isso, já escrevemos, por exemplo: "Formação de auditores que começa pelo fim"; "Mais uma vez - Começar pelo fim é precioso!"; e sobretudo "Mais uma vez e sempre: Começar pelo fim!!!".
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Mais uma achega para defesa desta abordagem "Start At The End":
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"I’ve just finished a really interesting book, The Sinai Campaign by Moshe Dayan, the great Israeli general. Dayan, facing the Egyptian army in 1956, did the same thing Stallone did. He worked backwards from the end. He figured out what the Israeli Defense Forces needed to accomplish, politically as well as militarily, to extricate themselves from a dangerous situation (Egyptian terrorism, a blockade of the straits of Tiran, etc.) Then he figured out what actions were necessary to get to that place.
Another way to look at this principle is to think of it in terms of leadership. What service does a leader perform? A leader defines the goal. (In writing terms, he figures out the climax of the story; in biz terms, he articulates where the organization wants to go.) Then he turns to his colleagues and says, “Okay, ladies and gentlemen, figure out how to get us there.”
For us, as artists and entrepreneurs, we have to be the leader and the working stiffs. Part of us has to define the goal–what’s the finish? what’s the climax? where do we want this train to end up? The other part has to figure out what specific actions we need to take to get us there.
I’m not saying Start At The End is the only way to do this. But it’s a sound principle that applies across a whole range of disciplines. Work back-to-front. It works."
Another way to look at this principle is to think of it in terms of leadership. What service does a leader perform? A leader defines the goal. (In writing terms, he figures out the climax of the story; in biz terms, he articulates where the organization wants to go.) Then he turns to his colleagues and says, “Okay, ladies and gentlemen, figure out how to get us there.”
For us, as artists and entrepreneurs, we have to be the leader and the working stiffs. Part of us has to define the goal–what’s the finish? what’s the climax? where do we want this train to end up? The other part has to figure out what specific actions we need to take to get us there.
I’m not saying Start At The End is the only way to do this. But it’s a sound principle that applies across a whole range of disciplines. Work back-to-front. It works."
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Para quem nunca experimentou, um conselho: Tentem!!!
E o que tem sido a economia portuguesa favorecida pelo centralismo dos governos?
"But let's be honest here. Nothing is being stimulated. All that's happening is that the government is taking over more and more of the economy, so as to keep more and more of it "moving" by centralized dictat. If that's the goal, then so be it, but to think that somehow demand is magically being created is silly."
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"Let's Be Honest About What "Stimulated Demand" Really Means"
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"Let's Be Honest About What "Stimulated Demand" Really Means"
quarta-feira, julho 07, 2010
Este polvo chamado Paul
Por que a abordagem por processos é fundamental
"No one diet idea is free of flaws or drawbacks. The best diet for you is the one you will stick to.
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Your firm needs to debate the following questions if you really want to pursue this or any other strategic goal:
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If all business improvement is like curing a fat smoker or helping an alcoholic recover, then what actually motivates people and organizations to change?
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We all know the main thing that works: a major crisis! (Moi ici: A velha burning platform... a grande criador do sentido de urgência)
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A major source of failure in implementing sensible business strategies is that we underestimate how much effort is truly required to bring about significant improvement. Individuals and organizations frequently fail to incorporate the new activities into their dayli lives. Strategic actions are viewed as special, separate events rather than regular business activities. In other words, there’s real life, and then there’s the diet. (Moi ici: As acções estratégicas, as iniciativas estratégicas, são projectos, são transientes, são eventos especiais. É fundamental incorporar, embeber, as mudanças trazidas pelas iniciativas naquilo que é permanente, naquilo que é a rotina, nos processos. Ou seja, a abordagem por processos.)
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Viewed that way, all improvement programs are doomed to failure. As my trainer has pointed out, you don’t really get the sustained benefits of exercise until it has become as routine and is as natural as brushing your teeth and taking a shower each day.
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Anything less than that will jeopardize any short-term gains you may obtain with bursts of activity. It’s about routines, not special events."
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Your firm needs to debate the following questions if you really want to pursue this or any other strategic goal:
- Which “diet,” if integrated into the normal running of the firm, would actually get us to perform at the level required to achieve the benefits we seek?
- Which would we be prepared to adopt as a central part of our regular lifestyle?
- If we don’t like any of these diets, can we think of another that will have as much force as these, but that we could live with more easily?
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If all business improvement is like curing a fat smoker or helping an alcoholic recover, then what actually motivates people and organizations to change?
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We all know the main thing that works: a major crisis! (Moi ici: A velha burning platform... a grande criador do sentido de urgência)
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A major source of failure in implementing sensible business strategies is that we underestimate how much effort is truly required to bring about significant improvement. Individuals and organizations frequently fail to incorporate the new activities into their dayli lives. Strategic actions are viewed as special, separate events rather than regular business activities. In other words, there’s real life, and then there’s the diet. (Moi ici: As acções estratégicas, as iniciativas estratégicas, são projectos, são transientes, são eventos especiais. É fundamental incorporar, embeber, as mudanças trazidas pelas iniciativas naquilo que é permanente, naquilo que é a rotina, nos processos. Ou seja, a abordagem por processos.)
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Viewed that way, all improvement programs are doomed to failure. As my trainer has pointed out, you don’t really get the sustained benefits of exercise until it has become as routine and is as natural as brushing your teeth and taking a shower each day.
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Anything less than that will jeopardize any short-term gains you may obtain with bursts of activity. It’s about routines, not special events."
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BTW, sempre que os governos falam de austeridade e PECs é possível visualizar mudanças nos hábitos e nos comportamentos? Ou não são antes suspensões temporárias do regabofe, ou não são antes um "suster a respiração" por momentos até que se possa voltar a respirar em força.
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Eheheh... a densidade, o substrato de quem gere este país é tão superficial como a camada de húmus no deserto do Saara. Há um ano os líderes de Banco de Portugal queriam aumentar-se em 5%... lembram-se?
Trecho retirado de "Strategy and the Fat Smoker" de David Maister
Jorge Sampaio é um aprendiz de ilusionista
Tem medo do desemprego que quer minorar, apoiando as empresas existentes em dificuldades, a manutenção do nível de investimento (eufemismo usado por políticos para gastos sem retorno positivo). Em simultâneo, quer que a nova estrutura produtiva apareça do nada sem mais nem menos.
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Enfim, mais um que gosta das renováveis às segundas, terças e quartas e protesta contra as tarifas da electricidade às quintas, sextas e sábado.
terça-feira, julho 06, 2010
TGV em Espanha
Acerca do TGV em Espanha, é de ler os comentários no Facebook de Edward Hugh e este texto "About AVE (Spanish High-Speed Trains)"
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Por cá vamos no mesmo deboche de endividamento.
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"The cost of the AVE project so far comes to about 50 billion euros. The passenger/kilometre ratio is 2.8 (compare 41.5 in France). The yearly maintenance cost is between 28,000 and 33,000 euros/km. When all the projected lines have been built and are operational, the maintenance costs will run to some 120 million euros a year. (Moi ici: Ah! São Lucas....) According to the International Union of Railways (UIC), an average of 6 million passengers are needed for any line just to cover its maintenance costs: the most successful one so far in Spain (Barcelona-Madrid) carries around 5 million passengers a year, and the Madrid-Seville line just over 3 million. The US Secretary of Transportation, Ray LaHood, was very impressed when he came to Spain to gather information about a possible high-speed train project in America. Until he saw the bill. His comment: “You guys are rich. We can’t afford anything like this.”
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Comparações...
Por cá mandam-nos comer sopa... quanto é que descontamos para a Segurança Social (esse esquema Ponzi montado para servir a geração maio de 68 até ao fim)? E quanto é que descontam os empregadores?
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É comparar com as percentagens na Alemanha... "Alemães passam a descontar 8,2% do salário para a Saúde"
A lógica da filosofia das SCUTs
Já repararam que um dos truques que os compradores profissionais aprendem é o de considerar a minimização do custo do produto a adquirir não no acto da compra mas ao longo do ciclo de vida do produto.
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Assim, são capazes de pagar mais no acto de compra de um produto porque sabem que ao longo do ciclo de vida desse produto esse excesso vai ser mais do que compensado.
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Não é exactamente o contrário da filosofia sobre a qual assentam as SCUTS?
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Paga-se menos no acto de compra e muito mais ao longo do ciclo de vida do produto?
Vale a pena recuar a Setembro de 2007
Setembro de 2007, ainda nem se sabia que existia um banco chamado Northern Rock (BTW, solid as a rock, pois).
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Já na altura aqui se falava de SCUTS e do Evangelho de São Lucas "Evangelho segundo São Lucas 14, 25-33"
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O ministro Pinho e os seus próximos ainda navegavam num mundo que já não existia, ele é que ainda não sabia.
Culture eats strategy for lunch
Mais um interessante postal de Spinek "Spot The Northwest Flight Attendant" e, é tão fácil a gestão ficar cega a esta realidade.
"Do Differentiation Differently"
Os clientes não são abstracções estatísticas, são entidades únicas, entidades concretas.
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Um cliente não é um segmento.
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Seteve Yastrow recorda e reforça esta tese com o postal "Do Differentiation Differently":
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"Your customer doesn't really care if you are different. But he will be blown away if he sees that you think he is different.
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Most marketing and sales theory doesn't approach customers in this way. We talk about target markets and demographics, which, instead of recognizing what makes each customer unique, is a way of grouping customers by what makes them similar. We talk about product positioning and unique selling propositions, which is all about us and only incidentally about the customer.
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Flip your thinking around. Focus on differentiating your customers.
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Take Notice
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Put your customer hat on: How much effort do companies expend telling you about themselves vs. the amount of time they spend trying to learn what makes you different? Are there companies that demonstrate that they understand what makes you unique, by interacting with you in a way that is singular and relevant only to you? How do you feel about these companies, relative to those that clump you together with the rest of the "target market?""
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Most marketing and sales theory doesn't approach customers in this way. We talk about target markets and demographics, which, instead of recognizing what makes each customer unique, is a way of grouping customers by what makes them similar. We talk about product positioning and unique selling propositions, which is all about us and only incidentally about the customer.
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Flip your thinking around. Focus on differentiating your customers.
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Take Notice
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Put your customer hat on: How much effort do companies expend telling you about themselves vs. the amount of time they spend trying to learn what makes you different? Are there companies that demonstrate that they understand what makes you unique, by interacting with you in a way that is singular and relevant only to you? How do you feel about these companies, relative to those that clump you together with the rest of the "target market?""
We are here
"Once the voting franchise of the West reached the point where those who sought benefits outweighed those who created benefits, the tipping point was reached. The situation of de facto “class warfare” thus emerges automatically under such circumstances, and the envy of those who take against those who provide erupts into “rights” and “entitlement”. By deifying “democracy” above justice, the enfranchised non-producers could always outvote the producers. We are at this point. The result can only be collapse, or restructuring around a Cæsar or a Bonaparte until, eventually, a productive hierarchy reappears, usually after considerable pain."
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Texto retirado daqui: "Guest Post: The New Civil Wars Within The West"
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Texto retirado daqui: "Guest Post: The New Civil Wars Within The West"
Melhoria contínua vs inovação
Ontem, numa empresa que se distingue pela aposta na inovação, ao discutirmos o texto das suas prioridades estratégicas, pesava-se a eventual incompatibilidade entre inovação e melhoria contínua.
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Interessante que hoje tenha dado de caras com este artigo "The seduction of routine (and other obstacles to spotting opportunities)":
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"“Routine,” according to the English philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, “is the god of every social system.” Standardizing an ad hoc process-from cooking hamburgers at McDonalds to assembling cars at Toyota-increases efficiency, reduces waste, and paves the way for continuous improvement. During the past sixty years, a series of process management tools, including total quality management and lean manufacturing, have spread rapidly. These tools all aim to identify defects, such as burnt Big Macs or defective radios in a Camry. Six sigma, and similar techniques, make perfect sense for improving high volume activities such as fast food preparation and manufacturing, where deviations annoy customers. Striving for zero defects in all activities, however, discourages experimentation and hampers learning. More subtly, it dulls sensitivity to anomalies, which are coded as as defects to be eliminated rather than clues to be explored. Process management has its place-typically the factory or the back office-but an obsessive devotion to routinization devalues the incongruities and serendipity that often signal opportunities."
segunda-feira, julho 05, 2010
A geração que fez o Maio de 68 ...
... vai sugar-nos a todos até ao fim.
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Só a Lei da Vida vai salvar os que vieram depois...
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Inveja
"Germany focuses on cutting spending"
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"argue that by curbing spending – rather than increasing taxes – the €80bn ($100.3bn, £66bn) savings programme would differ “fundamentally” from previous fiscal squeezes and offer “noticeable, better growth possibilities”."
Strategy and the Fat Smoker (parte I)
Do livro "Strategy and the Fat Smoker" de David Maister retiro:
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"What is very hard is actually doing what you know to be good for you in the long-run, in spite of short-run temptations.
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In the past two-and-a-half decades, I have been trusted to see a large number of strategic plans from a wide variety of professional firms around the world, including direct competitors. What is immediately noteworthy is how similar (if not identical) they all are.
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This is not because anyone is being stupid, but because everyone is smart. Every competitor is smart enough to analyze the market and spot which sectors are growing and which are in decline. Few competitors get it wrong. Everyone - absolutely everyone - can see which services and products are "hot" and which are becoming commodities.
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What is more, everyone understands the basis of business success: provide outstanding client service, act like team players, provide a good place to work, invest in your future. No sensible firm (or person) would enunciate a strategy that advocated anything else.
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However, just because something is obvious doesn't make it easy. Real strategy lies not in figuring out what to do, but in devising ways to ensure that, compared to others, we actually do more of what everybody knows they should do.
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Real strategy lies not in figuring out what to do, but in devising ways to ensure that, compared to others, we actually do more of what everybody knows they should do.
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We know what to do, we know why we should do it, and we know how to do it. Yet most businesses and individuals don't do what's good for them.
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The rewards (and pleasure) are in the future; the disruption, discomfort and discipline needed to get there are immediate.
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The necessary outcome of strategic planning is not analytical insight but resolve."
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Este último ponto "is not analytical insight but resolve" é fundamental... é, por vezes, desesperante, como reflectimos aqui: "O sentido da urgência", "Instilar um sentido de urgência!" e "Procrastinação e falta de sentido de urgência".
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In the past two-and-a-half decades, I have been trusted to see a large number of strategic plans from a wide variety of professional firms around the world, including direct competitors. What is immediately noteworthy is how similar (if not identical) they all are.
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This is not because anyone is being stupid, but because everyone is smart. Every competitor is smart enough to analyze the market and spot which sectors are growing and which are in decline. Few competitors get it wrong. Everyone - absolutely everyone - can see which services and products are "hot" and which are becoming commodities.
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What is more, everyone understands the basis of business success: provide outstanding client service, act like team players, provide a good place to work, invest in your future. No sensible firm (or person) would enunciate a strategy that advocated anything else.
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However, just because something is obvious doesn't make it easy. Real strategy lies not in figuring out what to do, but in devising ways to ensure that, compared to others, we actually do more of what everybody knows they should do.
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Real strategy lies not in figuring out what to do, but in devising ways to ensure that, compared to others, we actually do more of what everybody knows they should do.
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We know what to do, we know why we should do it, and we know how to do it. Yet most businesses and individuals don't do what's good for them.
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The rewards (and pleasure) are in the future; the disruption, discomfort and discipline needed to get there are immediate.
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The necessary outcome of strategic planning is not analytical insight but resolve."
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Este último ponto "is not analytical insight but resolve" é fundamental... é, por vezes, desesperante, como reflectimos aqui: "O sentido da urgência", "Instilar um sentido de urgência!" e "Procrastinação e falta de sentido de urgência".
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Em linha com um artigo de Junho de 2008 da Harvard Business Review "The Secrets to Successful Strategy Execution":
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"Employees at three out of every five companies rated their organization weak at execution—that is, when asked if they agreed with the statement “Important strategic and operational decisions are quickly translated into action,” the majority answered no.
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Execution is the result of thousands of decisions made every day by employees acting according to the information they have and their own self-interest. In our work helping more than 250 companies learn to execute more effectively, we’ve identified four fundamental building blocks executives can use to influence those actions—clarifying decision rights, designing information flows, aligning motivators, and making changes to structure.)"
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Execution is the result of thousands of decisions made every day by employees acting according to the information they have and their own self-interest. In our work helping more than 250 companies learn to execute more effectively, we’ve identified four fundamental building blocks executives can use to influence those actions—clarifying decision rights, designing information flows, aligning motivators, and making changes to structure.)"
domingo, julho 04, 2010
Ignorância e caviar, uma mistura explosiva
"Empresas de Terceiro Mundo" um postal de Daniel Oliveira no blogue "Arrastão".
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Nele pode ler-se:
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"Segundo o estudo, 61,3 por cento dos trabalhadores por conta de outrem têm até ao terceiro ciclo do ensino básico, 20,4 por cento têm o ensino secundário e 18,3 por cento o ensino superior. Nos patrões, os números mudam um pouco: 71,7 por cento têm até ao terceiro ciclo do ensino básico, 12,2 por cento o ensino secundário e 16,1 por cento o ensino superior. Ou seja, há muito mais trabalhadores com o ensino secundário completo (mais 67,2 por cento) e com o ensino superior (mais 13,7 por cento) do que empresários.
Como não é plausível que quem tem melhores qualificações tenha menos apetência para o risco, é possível tirar daqui outras conclusões. (Moi ici: Não é plausível? Com que bases é feita esta afirmação? Ver nota 1)
O que estes números evidenciam é que, para além de alguns empresários em nome individual que são, na realidade, trabalhadores por conta de outrem, grande parte do nosso tecido empresarial é de tipo familiar, dirigido por pessoas com uma baixíssima preparação técnica. Não sucede assim nos países realmente desenvolvidos. Não só as pequenas empresas têm menor peso na economia (Moi ici: Caro Daniel Oliveira o único país do mundo onde tal acontece, as grandes empresas representarem a maioria do tecido empresarial, é na Rússia, por legado da economia centralizada para os oligarcas. Em qualquer país europeu as PMEs representam a maioria das empresas e do emprego. Recordar que em Portugal as 1000 maiores empresas representam cerca de 8% do emprego. Ver nota 2) como, mesmo para dirigir uma pequeníssima empresa, é exigível algum grau de preparação." (Moi ici: Pronto, se o BE chegar ao poder as PME's serão expropriadas a quem não for doutor, engenheiro ou arquitecto. Olha, lá se vai a Inarbel...)
Como não é plausível que quem tem melhores qualificações tenha menos apetência para o risco, é possível tirar daqui outras conclusões. (Moi ici: Não é plausível? Com que bases é feita esta afirmação? Ver nota 1)
O que estes números evidenciam é que, para além de alguns empresários em nome individual que são, na realidade, trabalhadores por conta de outrem, grande parte do nosso tecido empresarial é de tipo familiar, dirigido por pessoas com uma baixíssima preparação técnica. Não sucede assim nos países realmente desenvolvidos. Não só as pequenas empresas têm menor peso na economia (Moi ici: Caro Daniel Oliveira o único país do mundo onde tal acontece, as grandes empresas representarem a maioria do tecido empresarial, é na Rússia, por legado da economia centralizada para os oligarcas. Em qualquer país europeu as PMEs representam a maioria das empresas e do emprego. Recordar que em Portugal as 1000 maiores empresas representam cerca de 8% do emprego. Ver nota 2) como, mesmo para dirigir uma pequeníssima empresa, é exigível algum grau de preparação." (Moi ici: Pronto, se o BE chegar ao poder as PME's serão expropriadas a quem não for doutor, engenheiro ou arquitecto. Olha, lá se vai a Inarbel...)
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Nota 1: "4. Os estudantes universitários portugueses demonstram intenções empreendedoras?
Os estudantes universitários portugueses, sendo os futuros agentes de desenvolvimento da sociedade e do tecido empresarial português, não demonstram grandes intenções empreendedoras. O estudo desenvolvido pelo Observatório do Empreendedorismo de Base Tecnológica (2005) mostra que 40,8% dos alunos inquiridos não manifestam intenções empreendedoras, sendo que 7% revelam intenções empreendedoras e apenas 5,1% revelam fortes intenções empreendedoras."
Os estudantes universitários portugueses, sendo os futuros agentes de desenvolvimento da sociedade e do tecido empresarial português, não demonstram grandes intenções empreendedoras. O estudo desenvolvido pelo Observatório do Empreendedorismo de Base Tecnológica (2005) mostra que 40,8% dos alunos inquiridos não manifestam intenções empreendedoras, sendo que 7% revelam intenções empreendedoras e apenas 5,1% revelam fortes intenções empreendedoras."
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Nota 2: "SMEs represented 99.8 % of all EU-27 enterprises in the non-financial business economy in 2006, employing two thirds of the workforce (67.4 %) and generating 57.7 % of total value added;" ... "SMEs employed 81.0 % of the non-financial business economy workforce in Italy in 2006, a share that fell close to 50 % in Slovakia and the United Kingdom;"
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BTW, por que é que só as empresas que não têm licenciados à sua frente é que vão à falência nestes tempos que correm? E empresas como a Qimonda?
Ideias interessantes sobre o turismo
Há tempos disseram-me que durante o ano de 2010 vão abrir 17 hotéis na cidade do Porto.
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Eheheh, há aqui muito 'optimismo não documentado' em simultâneo.
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Lembrei-me deste facto por causa de um título do Caderno de Economia do semanário Expresso de ontem "Há hotéis de 4 estrelas a €20 por dia em Albufeira"
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Trata-se de uma interessante entrevista com André Jordan. Alguns destaques:
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"Vê solução para as quebras do mercado inglês, em particular no golfe?
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Eu vendi os campos de golfe de Vilamoura em 2007, e já naquela altura, em pleno boom, defendia que era preciso criar um Portugal Golf Club, no modelo dos programas de fidelização das companhia aéreas, para criar uma ligação do cliente ao destino. Se a operação for impessoal, no ano seguinte o cliente vai para outro local, porque é mais barato. Mas ninguém aprovou a ideia: dava trabalho, era mais fácil trabalhar com os tour operators. Perdemos 30% do mercado do golfe, é preciso recuperá-lo com acções de fidelização, não a baixar preços. Há hotéis de quatro estrelas em Albufeira a cobrar €20 por dia. Não podemos entrar nisso, mais vale fechar."
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"Há sempre uma saída, temos de a procurar colectivamente. Sozinho, ninguém tem capacidade para disputar o mercado, mas juntos podemos fazê-lo."
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"Toda a crise é igual, parece que é o fim. Só que Portugal não acabou. E não é olhar a crise como uma tempestade no céu e ninguém pode fazer nada: temos de reagir, atacar o mercado."
...
"Se ficarmos parados, saímos do mapa. Não sou burro nem teimoso, penso em termos prospectivos, acho que há sempre clientes aí fora, é preciso ir buscá-los."
...
"Tem dito que não é com discotecas na praia que se promove um destino como o Algarve.
Já nem quero comentar o problema Algarve. Quem tem de fazer a promoção não são as regiões de turismo, são os empresários, os que têm o dinheiro no fogo, embora apoiados com linhas de crédito, juros baicos ou benesses fiscais."
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Alguém que sabe qual o segmento que persegue e que não se ilude com fogo de artifício.
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sábado, julho 03, 2010
Processos vs estrutura (parte II)
Continuado daqui.
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Voltando ao artigo “The Decision-Driven Organization” de Marcia Blenko, Michael Mankins e Paul Rogers, publicado pela Harvard Business Review do mês de Junho de 2010.
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“The Six Steps to Decision-Driven Reorganization
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Identify your organization’s key decisions (Moi ici: Tendo em conta os clientes-alvo, tendo em conta a proposta de valor, quais os factores críticos para o sucesso?)
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Determine where in the organization those decisions should happen (Moi ici: Quais são os processos críticos para o sucesso da estratégia?)
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Organize the macrostructure around sources of value (Moi ici: Melhorar os processos críticos para o sucesso da estratégia. Faz muito mais sentido do que melhorar a macro-estrutura)
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Figure out what level of authority decision makers need (Moi ici: Para fazer com que os processos críticos fluam da melhor forma).
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Align other elements of the organizational system, such as incentives, information flow, and processes, with those related to decision making (Moi ici: Mais uma vez, a sinergia das partes do modelo de negócio, ou a perspectiva de recursos e infraestruturas encadeada com a perspectiva dos processos)
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Help managers develop the skills and behaviors necessary to make and execute decisions quickly and well. (Moi ici: Em função dos processos críticos para a execução da estratégia, quais as funções críticas para a tomada de decisões e para o fluxo dos processos críticos)
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IMHO: Faz muito mais sentido assentar a transformação nos processos do que no organigrama.
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Voltando ao artigo “The Decision-Driven Organization” de Marcia Blenko, Michael Mankins e Paul Rogers, publicado pela Harvard Business Review do mês de Junho de 2010.
.
“The Six Steps to Decision-Driven Reorganization
.
Identify your organization’s key decisions (Moi ici: Tendo em conta os clientes-alvo, tendo em conta a proposta de valor, quais os factores críticos para o sucesso?)
.
Determine where in the organization those decisions should happen (Moi ici: Quais são os processos críticos para o sucesso da estratégia?)
.
Organize the macrostructure around sources of value (Moi ici: Melhorar os processos críticos para o sucesso da estratégia. Faz muito mais sentido do que melhorar a macro-estrutura)
.
Figure out what level of authority decision makers need (Moi ici: Para fazer com que os processos críticos fluam da melhor forma).
.
Align other elements of the organizational system, such as incentives, information flow, and processes, with those related to decision making (Moi ici: Mais uma vez, a sinergia das partes do modelo de negócio, ou a perspectiva de recursos e infraestruturas encadeada com a perspectiva dos processos)
.
Help managers develop the skills and behaviors necessary to make and execute decisions quickly and well. (Moi ici: Em função dos processos críticos para a execução da estratégia, quais as funções críticas para a tomada de decisões e para o fluxo dos processos críticos)
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IMHO: Faz muito mais sentido assentar a transformação nos processos do que no organigrama.
Um tema recorrente porque importante e actual
"When companies underestimate low-cost rivals"
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"Executives always regret it when they don’t anticipate the scope of a low-cost threat and respond forcefully. To be sure, a failure to see competitors is an example of the forces of “creative destruction” at work in capitalism. But companies alert enough to identify the nature and magnitude of the challenge will be in a better position to find ways to hold the new competitors at bay."
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"Executives always regret it when they don’t anticipate the scope of a low-cost threat and respond forcefully. To be sure, a failure to see competitors is an example of the forces of “creative destruction” at work in capitalism. But companies alert enough to identify the nature and magnitude of the challenge will be in a better position to find ways to hold the new competitors at bay."
sexta-feira, julho 02, 2010
Uma lição interessante
"Lessons We Can Learn On How Stimulus And Jobs Programs Failed In Eastern Germany"
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"Today, the eastern German economy is still in a sorry state, and there are no indications that the situation will change. An estimated €1.3 trillion ($1.6 trillion) have flowed from the former West Germany to the former East Germany over the last 20 years. But what has that money achieved?
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Historic neighborhoods have been restored, new autobahns built and the telephone network brought up to date, but most of the money was spent on social benefits such as welfare payments. The anticipated economic upswing failed to materialize."
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Hummmm!!! Onde é que já vimos cenas destas?
Depois o burro sou eu...
Durante os primeiros 9 meses do ano passado utilizei várias vezes os marcadores:
- sei o que não me disseste na última campanha eleitoral
- moscas, por causa de 42 partes do título "Acordar as moscas que estão a dormir"
- desde que ouvi o ministro pinho dizer que a crise financeira não afectará a economia
Pois... depois o burro sou eu...
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Processos vs estrutura
Já escrevi várias vezes neste blogue o quanto aprecio a abordagem por processos, a visão horizontal da organização, a visão que se concentra no que há por fazer, a visão que se focaliza na finalidade do trabalho executado.
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No número de Junho, a revista Harvard Business Review publica "The Decision Driven Organization", um artigo de Michael Mankins, Marcia Blenko e Paul Rogers.
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"Many CEOs assume that organizational structure—the boxes and lines on a company’s org chart—is a key determinant of financial performance.
...
nearly half of all CEOs launch a reorg during their first two years on the job. Some preside over repeated restructurings. The immediate motives vary. Some are about cutting costs; others are about promoting growth. Some are about shaking up a culture; others are about shifting strategic focus. Whatever the specifics, though, reorgs almost always involve making major structural changes in pursuit of better performance.
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Despite the fanfare that usually greets them, however, most reorganizations fall flat. A recent Bain & Company study of 57 reorgs between 2000 and 2006 found that fewer than one-third produced any meaningful improvement in performance. Most had no effect, and some actually destroyed value.
...
We believe that this failure is rooted in a profound misunderstanding about the link between structure and performance. Contrary to popular belief, performance is not determined solely by the nature, scale, and disposition of resources, important though they may be. An army’s success depends at least as much on the quality of the decisions its officers and soldiers make and execute on the ground as it does on actual fighting power. A corporation’s structure, similarly, will produce better performance if and only if it improves the organization’s ability to make and execute key decisions better and faster than competitors. It may be that the strategic priority for your company is to become more innovative. In that case, the reorganization challenge is to structure the company so that its leaders can make decisions that produce more and better innovation over time.
...
The goals of the audit are to understand the set of decisions that are critical to the success of your company’s strategy and to determine the organizational level at which those decisions should be made and executed to create the most value. If you can align your organization’s structure with its decisions, then the structure will work better, and your company’s performance will improve."
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E se pusermos de lado o organigrama e as funções?
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E se nos concentrarmos nos processos que compõem o ser vivo, o sistema que é a organização?
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Recorrendo ao 'canvas' de Osterwalder, ao desenhar o modelo do negócio:
Em função dos clientes-alvo, da proposta de valor, e dos canais para chegar às prateleiras:
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É nos processos críticos que são realizadas as actividades-chave e são tomadas as decisões que fazem a diferença.
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"Ultimately, a company's value is no more (and no less) than the sum of the decisions it makes and executes. Its assets, capabilities, and structure are useless unless executives and managers throughout the organization make the essential decisions and get those decisions right more often than not."
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Continua.
.
No número de Junho, a revista Harvard Business Review publica "The Decision Driven Organization", um artigo de Michael Mankins, Marcia Blenko e Paul Rogers.
.
"Many CEOs assume that organizational structure—the boxes and lines on a company’s org chart—is a key determinant of financial performance.
...
nearly half of all CEOs launch a reorg during their first two years on the job. Some preside over repeated restructurings. The immediate motives vary. Some are about cutting costs; others are about promoting growth. Some are about shaking up a culture; others are about shifting strategic focus. Whatever the specifics, though, reorgs almost always involve making major structural changes in pursuit of better performance.
.
Despite the fanfare that usually greets them, however, most reorganizations fall flat. A recent Bain & Company study of 57 reorgs between 2000 and 2006 found that fewer than one-third produced any meaningful improvement in performance. Most had no effect, and some actually destroyed value.
...
We believe that this failure is rooted in a profound misunderstanding about the link between structure and performance. Contrary to popular belief, performance is not determined solely by the nature, scale, and disposition of resources, important though they may be. An army’s success depends at least as much on the quality of the decisions its officers and soldiers make and execute on the ground as it does on actual fighting power. A corporation’s structure, similarly, will produce better performance if and only if it improves the organization’s ability to make and execute key decisions better and faster than competitors. It may be that the strategic priority for your company is to become more innovative. In that case, the reorganization challenge is to structure the company so that its leaders can make decisions that produce more and better innovation over time.
...
The goals of the audit are to understand the set of decisions that are critical to the success of your company’s strategy and to determine the organizational level at which those decisions should be made and executed to create the most value. If you can align your organization’s structure with its decisions, then the structure will work better, and your company’s performance will improve."
.
E se pusermos de lado o organigrama e as funções?
.
E se nos concentrarmos nos processos que compõem o ser vivo, o sistema que é a organização?
.
Recorrendo ao 'canvas' de Osterwalder, ao desenhar o modelo do negócio:
Em função dos clientes-alvo, da proposta de valor, e dos canais para chegar às prateleiras:
- Quais são as actividades-chave?
- Quais são os recursos-chave?
- Quem são os parceiros-chave?
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É nos processos críticos que são realizadas as actividades-chave e são tomadas as decisões que fazem a diferença.
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"Ultimately, a company's value is no more (and no less) than the sum of the decisions it makes and executes. Its assets, capabilities, and structure are useless unless executives and managers throughout the organization make the essential decisions and get those decisions right more often than not."
.
Continua.
What to Do Against Disruptive Business Models?
Constantinos Markides e Daniel Oyon, no número de Verão deste ano da MIT Sloan Management Review apresentam um artigo muito interessante sobre trabalhar para diferentes clientes-alvo "What to Do Against Disruptive Business Models? (When and How to Play Two Games at Once)"
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O problema:
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"most companies are unsuccessful in their efforts to compete with two business models at once"
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"By attempting to compete with themselves, Porter argued, companies risk paying a significant straddling cost: damaging their existing brands and diluting their organizations’ cultures for innovation and differentiation.
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His view was that a company could find itself “stuck in the middle” if it tried to compete with both low-cost and differentiation strategies."
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His view was that a company could find itself “stuck in the middle” if it tried to compete with both low-cost and differentiation strategies."
...
A solução:
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"The primary solution proposed to solve this problem is to keep the two business models (and their underlying value chains) separate in two distinct organizations. That is the “innovator’s solution” that Clayton Christensen proposed and that has been supported by others"
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"Although the idea of creating separate business units has received a lot of attention, this approach by itself does not ensure success."
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"We have also found that competing successfully with two different and conflicting business models involves more than creating a separate unit. Several years ago, we studied the experiences of 68 companies that faced the challenge of competing with dual business models. Our main finding was that only a handful of companies that created separate units were successful in playing two games. Many had created separate units and still failed, suggesting that separation in itself was not enough to ensure success."
...
Mas não basta criar uma outra unidade...
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"we examined 42 companies that had created a separate unit to compete in the new market. Of these, 10 were successful, while 32 failed. We compared the two groups on three dimensions:
- (1) the amount of strategic, financial and operational autonomy given to the unit (measured on a scale of 1 to 5, with high scores implying that decision-making autonomy was granted to the unit)
- (2) differences in the culture, budgetary and investment policies, evaluation systems and rewards relative to the parent (measured on a scale of 1 to 6 with high scores implying that these policies were very different)
- (3) whether the new unit was managed by a new CEO and (4) whether the new CEO came from outside the company or was transferred internally.
Os Gestores Supersticiosos
Em Julho de 1996 a revista MIT Sloan Management Review publicou o artigo "Are U.S. Managers Superstitious about Market Share?".
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"Does the strategy of linking market share to profit really work? This investigation argues that there is simply no causal relationship between market share and profits."
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Em linha com um dos meus ditados preferidos:
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Volume is Vanity, Profit is Sanity.
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"Many U.S. managers are superstitious as well, particularly about business strategy. The false notion that higher market share causes higher profits has had a huge impact on companies’ performance, the associated welfare of employees and shareholders, and society in general. Unfortunately, corporate goals and executive incentive systems are often partially based on market share achievements. Business journalists evaluate companies by describing them in terms of market share, with the clear implication that bigger is better. And, every semester, marketing and strategy textbooks lead business students astray."
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Como escreveu Hermann Simon, "Manage For Profit Not For Market Share"
quinta-feira, julho 01, 2010
Querem apostar?
"BTW, recordo as palavras de José Sócrates na última entrevista televisiva que deu. Disse qualquer coisa como "Poupança. Que horror! Dinheiro parado no banco" " (Recordar aqui)
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Progresso na mudança de modelo mental?
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Ou será apenas mais um degrau para confiscar parte do salário dos portugueses e convertê-lo, obrigatoriamente, em Certificados do Tesouro?
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Querem apostar?
Em vez de apostar na guerrilha...
... podiam apostar na parceria.
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A Centromarca não aprende!!! Aonde levam os seus sócios com esta abordagem?
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Basta recordar Centromarca ou a série "Agarrem-me senão eu mato-me!!!"
Time to shut down the US Federal Reserve?
"Time to shut down the US Federal Reserve?"
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"Actually, Greenspan never got a Phd. His honourary doctorate was awarded later for political reasons. (He had been a Nixon speech-writer). But never mind." LOL, I know what you mean, here we have Vieira da Silva.
Lugar do Senhor dos Perdões (parte V)
Continuado daqui: parte I, parte II, parte III e parte IV.
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Voltando ao livro "Job Creation and Destruction" de Steven Davis, John Haltiwanger e Scott Schuh:
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"Like most people, policymakers and bureaucrats evince a reluctance to acknowledge mistakes. Consequently, targeted policy programs tend to persist beyond the point of economic desirability, and they are likely to be managed in a way that obscures evidence of policy failure. (Moi ici: Qimonda, Aerosoles, ...) Once again, this political economy argument is not new, but it acquires added force in light of the dominant role of idiosyncratic determinants of business performance. To minimize job loss and business failure - thereby helping to preserve the image of a successful policy - the least successful businesses in targeted sectors often receive more generous subsidies or other forms of assistance."
Acerca do deboche...
"Stimulus alone will not work because the U.S. private sector needs a debt restructuring. Too much consumption has been pulled forward and financed by too much debt. The result a horrible misallocation of productive investment to which we are now awakening. That necessarily means lower economic growth and lower income growth going forward – a situation which makes many debt contracts of yesteryear uneconomic. Debtors are simply too indebted to take on more. (Moi ici: está cá tudo)
And should the Federal Government continue to socialize these losses as they have done, we can be sure that a disproportionate amount of real resources will continue to be devoted to buying and selling houses or concocting financial products to sell to one another. And then perhaps the day of reckoning can be put off. Is that going to make the U.S. grow again?
...
It is this lack of global aggregate demand (Moi ici: este é um ponto importante: ver aqui e aqui) – resulting from too much debt in parts of the global economy and not enough in others – that is the essence of the problem, which only economists with names beginning in R seem to understand (there is no R in PIMCO no matter how much I want to extend the metaphor, and yes, Paul _Rugman fits the description as well!)."
And should the Federal Government continue to socialize these losses as they have done, we can be sure that a disproportionate amount of real resources will continue to be devoted to buying and selling houses or concocting financial products to sell to one another. And then perhaps the day of reckoning can be put off. Is that going to make the U.S. grow again?
...
It is this lack of global aggregate demand (Moi ici: este é um ponto importante: ver aqui e aqui) – resulting from too much debt in parts of the global economy and not enough in others – that is the essence of the problem, which only economists with names beginning in R seem to understand (there is no R in PIMCO no matter how much I want to extend the metaphor, and yes, Paul _Rugman fits the description as well!)."
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Trechos retirados de "It’s the debt, stupid – Bill Gross edition"
Ainda mais uma vez: acerca da produtividade
Nem de propósito, ontem colocámos no blogue vários artigos sobre a produtividade, ao final do dia a McKinsey Quarterly publicava o artigo "The productivity imperative":
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"In the wealthy nations of the developed world, by contrast, low birthrates and graying workforces will make it enormously difficult to maintain what economist Adam Smith called “the natural progress of opulence.”
These countries’ best hope for keeping the wealth creation engine stoked is improved productivity—producing more with fewer workers. Paradoxically, doing that well across an economy is also the only way to generate lasting employment gains.
...
We call the productivity challenge an imperative because the need is so compelling. But to eke out even modest GDP increases, OECD1 nations must achieve nothing short of Herculean gains in productivity."
These countries’ best hope for keeping the wealth creation engine stoked is improved productivity—producing more with fewer workers. Paradoxically, doing that well across an economy is also the only way to generate lasting employment gains.
...
We call the productivity challenge an imperative because the need is so compelling. But to eke out even modest GDP increases, OECD1 nations must achieve nothing short of Herculean gains in productivity."
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Basta olhar para o exemplo japonês "Japan May Wither as Working Population Reaches 20-Year Low: Chart of Day"
quarta-feira, junho 30, 2010
“Numa empresa dele talvez”
Grande resposta de Belmiro de Azevedo, ao nível dos tempos áureos de Pinto da Costa:
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"O ministro da Economia, Vieira da Silva afirma que se as empresas estiverem em condições de absorver o impacto da subida do IVA em 1%, que amanhã entra em vigor, o devem fazer. Em resposta a esse apelo, o chairman da Sonae, Belmiro de Azevedo, não deixa margem para dúvidas. “Numa empresa dele talvez”, enfatizou.
Belmiro de Azevedo pensa que as empresas não devem suportar nova subida de impostos e justifica.”A Sonae paga rigorosamente, “on time”, os impostos devidos. Não deve pagar mais nem menos, deve pagar tudo. Não faz sentido o Estado andar a pedir esmola ou a fazer favores à custa dos empresários. Já há encargos fiscais enormes”, disse o chairman da Sonae, à margem da apresentação do novo edifico da empresa, o “Sonae Maia Business Center”, evento em que esteve também presente Vieira da Silva."
Belmiro de Azevedo pensa que as empresas não devem suportar nova subida de impostos e justifica.”A Sonae paga rigorosamente, “on time”, os impostos devidos. Não deve pagar mais nem menos, deve pagar tudo. Não faz sentido o Estado andar a pedir esmola ou a fazer favores à custa dos empresários. Já há encargos fiscais enormes”, disse o chairman da Sonae, à margem da apresentação do novo edifico da empresa, o “Sonae Maia Business Center”, evento em que esteve também presente Vieira da Silva."
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Trecho retirado daqui.
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Por favor, alguém que lhe tire a venda que continua às apalpadelas.
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