Carpe diem

Quarta-feira passada encontrei a primeira amora do ano:

Amoras são Verão e Verão é tempo de retiro para reflexão e preparar novas etapas. Assim, este blogue pára por uns tempos.

Exportações e troika

Ano: 2011
Mês: Maio
Local: Valpaços
Contexto: Campanha eleitoral para as legislativas de 2011
Tema: Exportações, TSU, custos unitários

Convido à leitura deste postal enquadrador de Fevereiro deste ano "Outro testemunho, outra prova do tempo". Original de Maio de 2011:

"Se me vendem a redução da TSU para tornar as empresas que exportam mais competitivas não engulo.
Se me venderem a redução da TSU para facilitar a vida às empresas que vivem do mercado interno concordo.
Se me venderem a redução da TSU para capitalizar as empresas concordo."

Depois, podem ler:

"O ritmo forte de crescimento das exportações em Portugal registado nos últimos anos, que muitas vezes foi apresentado como um dos resultados da aplicação das reformas estruturais previstas no programa de ajustamento da troika no país, não foi afinal mais do que um regresso à tendência de longo prazo deste indicador e poderia ter ocorrido mesmo sem a aplicação dessas políticas, defende uma avaliação independente encomendada pelo Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI) às intervenções realizadas durante a crise do euro."
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O relatório observa que a redução dos custos unitários de trabalho (que poderia resultar em mais competitividade) foi bastante modesta, pelo que “parece mais provável que a força nas exportações reflectia a resposta das empresas à queda da procura interna, em vez de corresponder a efeitos de curto prazo das reformas estruturais”. E conclui ainda que “a maior parte do aumento pós-2010 nas exportações reflecte um regresso à tendência”."

 Desconfio que nem os autores deste estudo percebem as razões para o sucesso das exportações portuguesas.
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Desconfio que também eles desconhecem estes números revelados nesta série:

E estes outros:

Uma dica, este postal de 2008:

"No limite pode acontecer, sair duma crise estrutural e cair numa crise conjuntural."

Pena que nestes estudos se esqueçam sempre do sector mais vulnerável e de maior dimensão em Portugal, o não transaccionável.

Trechos retirados de "Retoma das exportações em Portugal teve pouco que ver com a troika"

A experiência é o produto

Recordar "Acerca da estratégia da Fiat" e a pergunta "E a aposta na customização?" ao ler "The future of auto retailing":

"The retail landscape across industries is in flux, driven in large part by the change from product-focused to customer-centric value models. Empowered by technological advancements and public policy liberalization, consumers enjoy lower switching costs, greater access than ever to information, and higher standards, all posing challenges for companies operating with scale-based, efficiency-driven, product-centric models. Retailers are now seeing customers compare their buying experiences across industries, and the old adage “That’s how it’s always been done” is increasingly inadequate. And demographic trends will only exacerbate these developments: When it comes to making car purchase decisions, Generation Y drivers value customer experience three times as much as vehicle design. Retailers need to redouble their efforts to create memorable and painless customer experiences in order to retain today’s customers and appeal to new ones."

Cerimónias

"It was a ceremony.
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People have long used ceremonies — bar mitzvahs, baptisms, weddings, inaugurations, quinceañeras — to mark changes and turning points so they can move from one place to another. Even when they signify an individual’s transformation, they’re communal experiences that strengthen the bonds, values, and vision of the groups celebrating these moments.
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Organizations, too, rely on ceremonies to anticipate new beginnings, demarcate endings, and help everyone understand or navigate the changes at hand.
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We often use ceremonies to celebrate good things: big promotions, business victories, and so on. But they can be just as powerful when used to acknowledge difficulties, mark dark passages, and help those affected by change move on. It’s important to take a moment in difficult times to communally honor those who have made sacrifices or experienced hardship in the course of change."

É por isto que procuro criar momentos formais nos projectos BSC:

Trechos retirados de "Why Your Company Needs More Ceremonies"

Implementação e rigor

"when there is a separation of belief and action, as is frequent in organizations because of delegation, precise implementation has benefits beyond the well-known effect of enabling exploitation of good strategies. It also enables the discovery of better strategies by allowing more effective learning from feedback on the value of current strategies.
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This is because precise implementation solves the attribution problem ... allowing easier rejection of poor strategies (and possibly a search for better ones), as well as making better use of existing good strategies. These two benefits come at the expense of any potential gains from bottom-up exploration that poor implementation might have allowed.
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A second advantage of precise implementation is that it prevents excessive exploration at the aggregate organizational level because of the inadvertent exploration introduced by the imperfect communication of strategy from senior managers to subordinates. If the downward communication process of strategy and upward observation of action is unavoidably noisy, then improving implementation may help to improve organizational performance by reducing what is, in effect, suboptimally excessive exploration. While miscommunication and observation error may seem like two sides of the same coin (as both result from the separation of beliefs and actions), there are fundamental distinctions between the two. Imperfect communication leverages bottom-up exploration, but does not contribute any exploration by itself: it merely “undampens” bottom-up exploration that would have resulted from perfect communication of strategy.
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Observation error, on the other hand, is itself a significant source of exploration for the organization. However, while the effect of miscommunication on the knowledge of the strategist is benign, observation errors introduce biases. The implications is that a strategist who is a great communicator but cannot observe the quality of implementation may be more harmful to the organization than one who is a poor communicator but a good observer of implementation performance, assuming the same imperfect strategy ex ante for both.
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Third, precise implementation also prevents excessive exploration at the organizational level when top managers are also exploring—and indeed this is particularly important when there are observation errors and miscommunication of strategy.
Under these circumstances, there is a strong implementation imperative. Indeed we can say that for the same cost of bottom-up and top-down exploration, top-down exploration (and a strong implementation imperative) is to be preferred rather than vice versa. This is primarily because the communication of strategy is effectively a dampener on bottom-up exploration. These benefits of  implementation as a stimulant to organizational adaptation suggest a rationale for the implementation imperative, in the sense that increasing implementation precision may be useful even with bad initial strategies propounded by the senior managers for each of these reasons. Viewing strategy implementation as a learning process for the strategist thus generates a fundamentally different insight about the value of implementation: unlike the static case, when the intuition says,
“good beliefs, good implementation; bad beliefs, bad implementation”, with learning by the strategist, precise implementation can be useful even with bad beliefs"

Trechos retirados de "The implementation imperative: Why one should implement even imperfect strategies perfectly" de Eucman Lee e Phanish Puranam.

Online conjugado com a economia das experiências (parte IV)

Parte I e parte II e parte III.
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Outro estudo a chamar a atenção para o impacte do online nas embalagens por causa das experiências. "Unwrapping the customer experience"

Curiosidade do dia

"Se o povo se alimentasse de narrativas éramos o país mais obeso do mundo. E se as narrativas significassem prosperidade seríamos o farol das civilizações.
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Tudo, hoje, está reduzido a narrativas. Não há confronto de propostas políticas. Há uma guerra de narrativas.
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Isto está a correr mal ao governo mas também à oposição. Mas sobretudo corre mal ao país, que não vê como vamos sair daqui. E não há guionistas que consigam fazer disto uma boa narrativa porque neste campeonato não há vitórias morais."

Pena que não haja guionistas disponíveis para escrever o lado bom da narrativa. Se a corte de Lesboa quer andar entretida em jogos, se a função pública procura amanhãs que cantam, se os media são prisioneiros da narrativa indutora do cortisol, há, ainda assim, um lado com uma história positiva construído por anónimos:

• um país que aprendeu e habituou-se a competir com os melhores para servir os mercados mais exigentes;
• um país que continua a ganhar quotas de mercado na exportação;
• um país que continua a investir na criação e expansão de empresas exportadoras:
• um país que continua a criar emprego na indústria.

Trechos retirados de "Isto não é um país, é um campeonato de narrativas"

"Granel, Fiambreiras e Rouxinóis"

Eis o título de uma apresentação que vou fazer depois de Agosto, no âmbito de um encontro de empresários abordando os seguintes tópicos:

• A necessidade de fugir do "granel instituído" e evoluir para práticas de gestão mais modernas: segmentação do mercado; diferenciação e especialização; actividade comercial proactiva;
• A necessidade de apostar no marketing para relacionar preço com valor e não com custos; para diferenciar as empresas e ensinar os clientes a comprar;
• A possibilidade de usar as redes sociais como veículo de promoção moderno e económico. Exemplos e objectivos.

Nunca pensei que o título passasse.

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Uma outra alternativa, que não tive coragem de enviar era: "Transsexual, Fiambreiras e Rouxinóis"

A importância de criar etapas proximais

"Error 6: Not Systematically Planning for, and Creating, Short-Term Wins
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Real transformation takes time, and a renewal effort risks losing momentum if there are no short-term goals to meet and celebrate. Most people won’t go on the long march unless they see compelling evidence in 12 to 24 months that the journey is producing expected results. Without short-term wins, too many people give up or actively join the ranks of those people who have been resisting change.
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Creating short-term wins is different from hoping for short-term wins. The latter is passive, the former active. In a successful transformation, managers actively look for ways to obtain clear performance improvements, establish goals in the yearly planning system, achieve the objectives, and reward the people involved with recognition, promotions, and even money.
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Commitments to produce short-term wins help keep the urgency level up and force detailed analytical thinking that can clarify or revise visions."

Uma preocupação antiga no nosso trabalho, transformar sucesso distal numa série de etapas proximais, onde cada uma é uma oportunidade para celebrar o progresso.
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Recordar:

• Uma sucessão de pequenos projectos que produzem resultados rapidamente (Dezembro de 2012)
• Desmascarar mitos (parte IV) (Setembro de 2010) 
• Small Wins (Junho de 2009)
• Fazer a mudança acontecer (parte VII) (Junho de 2009)

A pensar acerca do futuro

3 textos que me põem a pensar acerca do futuro que está a ser construído agora mesmo de forma muito gradual e que ao 100º dia explode e estará em todo lado.

"Num lago há um nenúfar que todos os dias cresce para o dobro do seu tamanho. Se em cem dias cobrir o lago inteiro, quantos dias serão necessários para cobrir metade?"

Primeiro este "Silence on social issues could be the kiss of death for brands, says UN marketing chief". Isto é assumir que nos "social issues" há um lado bom e um lado mau, é assumir um mundo a preto e branco sem tonalidades de cinza. As marcas clássicas que herdámos do século XX apontam para o mercado de massas, apontam para o máximo comum, apontam para o conjunto mais alargado possível de clientes. Isso implica não fazer muitas ondas porque ao cobrir o que um grupo de clientes quer, vai inexoravelmente criar problemas com um grupo oposto que quer exactamente o oposto. Também por isto é que as marcas clássicas estão condenadas a desaparecer, por não poderem tomar partido e por o mercado estar a fragmentar-se num conjunto muito diverso de tribos aguerridas que pactuam cada vez menos com quem não é da sua "cor".
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Segundo, este "LVMH vende marcas Donna Karan e DKNY por 592 milhões".

"O comprador é o grupo G-III Apparel Group e o valor foi de 650 milhões de dólares (592 milhões de euros), incluindo dívida.
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A estilista Donna Karan fundou em 1984 a sua marca de roupa feminina com o marido Stephan Weiss, tendo abandonado a chefia do gabinete de design da companhia no ano passado, para focar-se em projectos como a Urban Zen.
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A companhia G-III é, por seu turno, fabricante industrial de roupa sob insígnias como a Calvin Klein ou Vince Camuto."

Comecei por imaginar uma operação como a compra da marca "Fly London" para subir na escala de valor. No entanto, depois de ver o site da G-III e a quantidade de marcas que fabricam, sinto que é mais um sintoma do hollowing. Carcaças ocas que vivem de glória e nome feito no passado mas que já não têm chama. Outra contribuição para o fim das marcas clássicas.
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Terceiro, este "Procter & Gamble launches direct-to-consumer subscription business" um proprietário de marcas clássicas, habituado a dar plankton aos consumidores ao longo de décadas, tenta mudar de modelo de negócio, tenta fazer o bypass ao retalho físico. Não é mais uma empresa de média dimensão, é só o gigante P&G.

Exemplos

Exemplos de subida na escala de valor.
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Exemplos de segmentação e diferenciação: começar pela escolha dos clientes-alvo e montar mosaico dedicado ao seu serviço.
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Exemplos de paranóia ao serviço dos clientes-alvo.
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Exemplos do Estranhistão a funcionar.

"“O preço foi a decisão mais difícil que tomámos neste projeto”, confessa Maria do Carmo Barbosa, co-proprietária e diretora do hotel. “Mas foi uma escolha acertada, porque trabalhamos com operadores que não discutem preços e temos uma ocupação de 80% entre maio e outubro”, desvenda. Rentabilizar o investimento de três milhões de euros num hotel de luxo não ostensivo significa, para a empresária, uma preocupação constante com os pormenores que ditam o bem-estar dos hóspedes
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Entre maio e setembro, mesmo a 200€ por noite, o hotel está frequentemente esgotado, ainda que a média de ocupação anual ronde apenas 35%. “É rentável”, assegura a diretora, sem desvendar pormenores."

Agora pense no seu negócio, pense na sua empresa ... quem são os seus clientes-alvo? Qual é o seu ecossistema da procura? Qual é a sua proposta de valor? Que investimento faz na interacção e na co-criação de valor? Que mosaico montou para servir o modelo do negócio? Que indicadores utiliza para monitorizar o projecto? Que marketing usa e dirigido a quem?


Trechos retirados de "Turismo a crescer no Norte atrai investimento na hotelaria de luxo"

Curiosidade do dia

"Quanto aos fundos estruturais, o congelamento ficaria dependente do orçamento para 2017: se Bruxelas considerar a proposta credível, a medida não terá nenhum efeito.
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Isto pode ser um problema, já que, de acordo com o El País, a CE está preocupada com a possibilidade de o governo português “continuar a reverter algumas reformas” e que Bruxelas quer ver aprovadas medidas de austeridade na segunda parte do ano."

Trecho retirado de "Bruxelas dá-nos um ano para corrigir o défice. Mas não escapamos à multa"

Pensar acerca do futuro

Agora que ando a escrever um documento para ajudar empresários a pensar acerca da elaboração de cenários hipotéticos para o futuro das suas empresas,  encontro isto:

"The conversation was only possible because it was framed as a discussion about the future. The future is where people can abandon their immediate turf interests and think about new possibilities, new constituencies, things that may be “unthinkable” today. The future is often a “safe place,” maybe the only safe place for highly charged discussions. It is also a place where people can glean a bit from each other’s thinking, unpack each other’s assumptions, and start to build shared understanding, if not compromise.
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People must see themselves as actors in the future. To do that, the abstract future must be made proximate and tangible.
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Our present experiences and environments, including our physical surroundings, influence how we think. They are the filters on our imagination. And on a daily basis we are surrounded mostly by artifacts from the present or the past — buildings, streets, roads, infrastructure that was built decades, sometimes centuries ago. There is rarely anything in our physical environment and day-to-day interactions that gives us tangible and actionable signs of potential futures. For most people, the future is just not a part of their daily experience.
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People need to have a sense of urgent optimism. The future can inspire wonder, awe, and hope.
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Awe, unlike happiness or contentment, is that rare feeling we get when we are in the presence of something vast or great."

Trechos retirados de "The Future as a Way of Life: Alvin Toffler’s Unfinished Business"

Segmentação

"the management of the customer asset can be organized on a customer portfolio level. In the customer portfolio approach each customer is assessed in terms of its value capture contribution. Based on this information, customers are divided into customer portfolios and the customer asset management is designed based on portfolio-level concepts.
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In the proposed framework, each customer is initially assessed in terms of its contribution to value capture, which is measured with economic profit. Based on this information, the customer base of a firm is divided into customer portfolios. Differentiated customer management concepts are then created for each portfolio, with the aim of increasing the total economic profit generation in all customer portfolios. We define customer management concepts as portfolio-specific offerings, which outline both the products and services offered to the customers, as well as the target service level and channels to be used. Thus, the customer management concepts are not limited to any functional domain – and therefore these concepts should be managed cross-functionally. Finally, the customer portfolios’ contribution to the firm-level value capture is assessed, which provides the feedback-loop to individual customer level value capture assessments and portfolio creation.
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The cumulative economic profit contribution analysis is relatively simple: the economic profit contribution of each customer is calculated and customers are ranked in a descending order, placing the customer yielding the largest economic profit for the firm first to the graph, then the second most profitable customer and so forth. The economic profit generated by each customer is added to the cumulative economic profit buildup of the previous customers on the chart in such a way that the graphical illustration ends with the customer yielding the lowest economic profit
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Based on the analysis, three customer portfolios were created and the financial performance of each portfolio was analysed. After this, differentiated customer management concepts were created for each portfolio

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firm should pursue slightly different tactics in each portfolio in order to increase the overall value capture. For portfolio A the firm created a customer management concept called “margin and cash flow maintenance”. The main objective of this concept was to increase the margin and cash flow available from these large-volume customer relationships that already created a considerable positive economic profit. Portfolio B consisted of a large number of small business volume relationships that each individually had an economic profit contribution close to zero. Based on these characteristics, the firm created a customer management concept termed “risk management” for portfolio B. Its objective was to reduce the overall business risks by reducing the interdependencies in the customer base and by using the small-volume customer relationships as a buffer against business cycle variations. For portfolio C, the firm developed a customer management concept termed “capacity optimization”, the objective of which was to use the negative economic profit generating, but large-volume customer relationships to optimize the capacity utilization of the production facilities, thus reducing the average cost level of operations by reducing fixed and capital costs per production unit. The proposed three customer management concepts – i.e. “margin and cash flow maintenance”, “risk management”, and “capacity optimization” – affected directly or indirectly with the main levers of increasing economic profit: increasing operating profit, reducing capital employed, and reducing the weighted average cost of capital."

Trechos retirados de "Management of customer assets for increased value capture in business markets", Suvi Nenonen e Kaj Storbacka, Management Decision Vol. 52 No. 1, 2014

Estratégia e identidade

"It’s astounding how many companies produce a financial plan, customer segmentation document, or financial forecast when you ask to see their strategy. Mission, vision, and values statements are other common stand-ins. But although all of these things are important, they aren’t a strategy, and they’re insufficient for defining who a company is to its market, relative to its competitive set. Worst of all, these companies let their identity be formed by whichever customers buy the most product. Executives in midcaps sometimes think their companies are too small to do in-depth strategy work — but they think this at their peril."

Trecho retirado de "Midsize Companies Shouldn’t Confuse Growth with Scaling"

Comunicar benefícios em vez de atributos (parte IV)

Parte I, parte II e parte III.
"The Three Steps to Create Great Value Communications
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Step 2: Make Your Benefit Segment-Specific
... homogeneity is one of the biggest wrong assumptions you can make in your new product design. Your customers are different. The same value messages are not likely to work for all of your customer segments. You should tailor your value messages to the needs of each segment.

Recordar daqui:

Trecho retirado de "Monetizing Innovation"

Curiosidade do dia

A propósito de "Estado contrata um quarto das obras públicas com desconto superior a 30%".
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Que falta faz um pouco de jornalismo de investigação.
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Estas obras tiveram mais acidentes do que as outras?
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Estas obras tiveram mais derrapagens temporais da responsabilidade das empresas do que as outras?
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Estas obras tiveram mais intervenções após a entrega do que as outras?
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Este texto é só um megafone das preocupações dos que perderam os concursos. O que afirmam pode ser verdade ou mentira, faltam os dados.

O paradoxo central

"Business prizes being able to put prices on things and to know their value ahead of time. Yet, if you are inventing point B—in any area of life—you can’t know the outcome at the moment you have to invest money, time, and effort in the point-A world.
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This is the central paradox of business: The core assumptions of economics—efficiency, productivity, and knowable value—work best when an organization is at cruising altitude, but they won’t get the plane off the ground in the first place. That is to say, the history of business—the way we got here—follows from the kind of creative and open-ended work that the structure of business makes hard.
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companies can grow by two means. They can grow by scaling up to the most efficient level of production. Or they can grow artistically by the alchemy of invention."

Trechos retirados de "Art Thinking" de Amy Whitaker

Tanto dinheirinho em cima da mesa

"We find that managers use quite simple procedures, or routines, to set their prices. More complex methods, such as non-linear pricing, or bundling, are not really used in practice. If traditional methods still prevail, like cost-plus for example, managers in big companies in France seem to rely heavily on neutral pricing, to match competitors’ prices. We attribute this finding to potential price rigidity, i.e. the fear of taking the price leadership in a low market growth rate context, or of starting a price war.
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Our results show the capacity of a limited set of companies to fully take advantage of their pricing power, in other words to transform a favourable position on key pricing indicators by capturing value through a premium price. However, the vast majority of surveyed companies relied extensively on competitive factors when deciding on a specific pricing orientation, and aligned prices despite favourable environmental conditions. This observation is a form of nearsightedness, or pricing myopia, that we could describe following Levitt (1960) not as an unfavourable market context but rather as the failure of decision making, i.e. management.
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The vast majority of determinants of pricing strategies are related to competition (price levels, relative quality, differentiation, cost advantage) showing that companies’ strategic orientations regarding pricing in our study are defined mainly by their competitors and/or the market prices
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When firms use more sophisticated techniques (nonlinear pricing, bundling) to capture additional value through their pricing decisions, their choices are driven by market/product dynamics such as market growth rate or elasticity.
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Finally, the key drivers of price premium are differentiation and inelasticity, showing that firms tend to overestimate competitors’ reactions when setting their pricing policies and should focus on basic indicators."

Trechos retirados de "Pricing myopia: do leading companies capture the full value of their pricing strategies?", Manu Carricano , (2014), Management Decision, Vol. 52 Iss 1 pp. 159 - 178

O banhista gordo e o low-cost

A propósito de "Is China Stealing Jobs? It May Be Losing Them, Instead":

"In today’s China, however, workers face a more troubled outlook than Mr. Trump suggests. They are losing their jobs because of a slowing domestic economy, rising costs and stiffer foreign competition — including from the United States.
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Presidential candidates “are screaming about yesterday’s problems,” said Jim McGregor, chairman of the consulting firm APCO Worldwide’s Greater China operations. “Manufacturing for export is getting harder and harder” in China.
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China’s labor market has changed sharply in recent years.
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pushed wages for Chinese factory workers higher. Their monthly pay now averages $424, 29 percent more than just three years ago, the Japan External Trade Organization has estimated. Labor costs in China are now significantly higher than in many other emerging economies. Factory workers in Vietnam earn less than half the salary of a Chinese worker, while those in Bangladesh get paid under a quarter as much."

Chegados aqui, para os que acreditam na transferência da produção low-cost da China para o Vietname ou para a Indonésia, recordo:

• O efeito do "banhista gordo" (Fevereiro de 2013)
• Lembram-se do "banhista gordo"? (Fevereiro de 2014)

Vai ser cada vez mais difícil encontrar capacidade suficiente para a produção low-cost. 

BTW, não é só a produção, são os portos, a logística, os fluxos de matéria-prima, a moeda estável, a estabilidade política ... não vai ser fácil.

Comunicar benefícios em vez de atributos (parte III)

Parte I.
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Qual o problema do passo 1?
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O meu problema é com a figura da parte I

A colocação de cada benefício na matriz da vantagem competitiva depende de quem são os clientes-alvo. E a escolha dos clientes-alvo determina o grupo de concorrentes com que uma empresa trabalha. Uma empresa que serve clientes-gourmet não tem a concorrência das empresas que servem os clientes da distribuição grande.
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Consideremos a escala

Consideremos que os concorrentes são independentes do tipo de clientes-alvo:

Uma empresa compara-se com os seus concorrentes. Por exemplo, a figura ilustra o caso de uma empresa que não é competitiva nos custos unitários mas é muito competitiva a nível de prazos de entrega e de customização.
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Agora consideremos a importância para os clientes:

Em vez de pensar genericamente nos clientes, uma empresa deve pensar nos seus clientes-alvo. Se a empresa quiser competir pelo preço mais baixo, ou seja, competir com a China nos custos:

A empresa não tem hipótese de servir com vantagem competitiva este tipo de clientes.
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A mesma empresa, ao pensar em servir os clientes da gama média-alta, situou-se desta forma na matriz (não resistimos a manter a comparação com os concorrentes porque têm de ser diferentes)

Aqui verifica-se que a empresa tem uma série de benefícios na zona das vantagens competitivas ao tentar servir este tipo de clientes.
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E servir os clientes do fast-fashion?

Assim fica explicado o meu problema com o passo 1 de "Monetizing Innovation". Só faz sentido fazer a matriz da vantagem competitiva para um tipo específico de clientes-alvo.

Curiosidade do dia

"IN the mid-1980s, a University of Arizona surgery professor, Marlys H. Witte, proposed teaching a class entitled “Introduction to Medical and Other Ignorance.” Her idea was not well received; at one foundation, an official told her he would rather resign than support a class on ignorance.
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Dr. Witte was urged to alter the name of the course, but she wouldn’t budge. Far too often, she believed, teachers fail to emphasize how much about a given topic is unknown.
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Classes like hers remain rare, but in recent years scholars have made a convincing case that focusing on uncertainty can foster latent curiosity, while emphasizing clarity can convey a warped understanding of knowledge.
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many scientific facts simply aren’t solid and immutable, but are instead destined to be vigorously challenged and revised by successive generations. Discovery is not the neat and linear process many students imagine, but usually involves, in Dr. Firestein’s phrasing, “feeling around in dark rooms, bumping into unidentifiable things, looking for barely perceptible phantoms.” By inviting scientists of various specialties to teach his students about what truly excited them — not cold hard facts but intriguing ambiguities — Dr. Firestein sought to rebalance the scales.
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People tend to think of not knowing as something to be wiped out or overcome, as if ignorance were simply the absence of knowledge. But answers don’t merely resolve questions; they provoke new ones."

Relacionar com esta história "How a Guy From a Montana Trailer Park Overturned 150 Years of Biology"

Trechos retirados de "The Case for Teaching Ignorance"

Até ao próximo ano, já estou com saudades

O melhor do Tour 2016:

1. As 4 vitórias de Cavendish
2. A amarela de Cavendish
3. A vitória final de Froome
4. A combatividade de Rui Costa
5. O retorno de Herman

Para reflexão

É isto, sem tirar nem pôr!

"Big ideas loom every bit as large in successful B2B strategies. Take Crown Cork Seal, once the most profitable and innovative company in an industry — metal containers — dominated by much larger companies. In the early 1960s, Crown’s CEO, John F. Connelly, had the big idea of retooling the company to focus on filling special orders for smaller customers. Instead of going head to head with larger competitors for national customers — such as Miller Brewing Company — with huge orders enabling long, low-cost production runs, Crown became a “short run” specialist.
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Connelly crafted a coherent strategy to bring his idea to economic life that included rapid-response rush orders, high levels of technical assistance, holding inventory for customers, and carrying excess production capacity — all of which went against the grain of accepted wisdom in an industry where success depended on minimizing costs. He bet on being able to charge higher prices by serving smaller customers with far less bargaining power, [Moi ici: Para mim é mais do que uma questão de bargaining power, é uma questão valor criado percepcionado por esse tipo de clientes] and, as Richard Rumelt describes in , it worked. Within a decade, Crown was generating more profit than any other company in its industry, even without having the most revenue. But the big idea lasted only as long as the CEO’s tenure, which ended in 1990. Connelly’s successor shifted to a “strategy” of growth through acquisition. Seven years later, after completing 20 acquisitions, Crown was the world’s largest container manufacturer. But it had lost its distinctive approach and had not found a new one. By 2006, it was one of the industry’s least-profitable players."

Trecho retirado de "What is Your Strategy’s Big Idea?"

Comunicar benefícios em vez de atributos (parte II)

E voltando a "Monetizing Innovation" e ao conselho "Comunicar benefícios em vez de atributos":

"The Three Steps to Create Great Value Communications
Step 1: Develop Crystal-Clear Benefit Statements—Not Feature Descriptions
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A company that excels at value communications articulates its products' benefits in meaningful terms to customers. This is not about describing product features. A feature belongs to the product; a benefit belongs to the customer. Value is a measure of the benefit to the customer. Communicate benefits, not features. Take each feature and ask yourself this: What does the customer achieve because of this feature? If you are still unsure about how to phrase your product's benefits, probe your customers about their pain points and how your product would solve them.
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To be more specific, when you create a value message, you should determine the customer purchasing criteria and how your product or service might perform on those criteria compared to existing alternatives. Such information can be captured in a 2 x 2 matrix that we call the matrix of competitive advantages, or MOCA for short. (See Figure 10.4 for an example.) 

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The benefits your product delivers that are most important to customers and that competitors can't match (top right quadrant) are the ones to emphasize in your sales and marketing messages." 

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Qual o problema com este passo 1?

Curiosidade do dia

"Mário Centeno enerva camaradas do governo" 

.

Só agora?!!!

BTW

Menos o último. Esses é que não pode ser. pic.twitter.com/EuMskgYvvn

— jcd (@jcaetanodias) July 23, 2016

A ideia é um resultado, não um começo

"Every great strategy stands on the shoulders of a big idea. History is littered with once-extraordinary companies that became mediocre when their strategies drifted away from the big ideas that made them great, or when their once-big ideas lost their commercial punch."

Este é o pensamento que aprendi a não seguir quando trabalho com uma PME no desenvolvimento de uma estratégia: Não começamos pela ideia, começamos pelo que já existe e funciona e procuramos a ideia que pode ser extraída e refinada. Mesmo quando uma PME tem resultados negativos é possível encontrar uma gama de produtos/serviços/clientes que funciona com resultados positivos.
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Recordar:

• "analisamos os meios que temos e imaginamos futuros possíveis" (Abril de 2015)
• Estratégia e pontos fortes, o ovo ou a galinha (Setembro de 2015)
• Do concreto para o abstracto e não o contrário (Outubro de 2015)
• Vantagem é uma classificação subjectiva (Fevereiro de 2016) 

Trecho retirado de "What is Your Strategy’s Big Idea?"

"We find our way by getting lost." (parte II)

Parte I.
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Relacionar com este texto de Mintzberg:

"not so fast: there’s a slower and sometimes more sensible way to make decisions. I call it doing first. I’ll leave how that works in finding a mate to your imagination. Suffice it to say that when you’re not sure how to proceed—often the case in making decisions big and small—then you will just have to do, in order to think, instead of thinking, in order to do. You try something in a limited way to see if it might work, and if it doesn’t, you try something else until you find what work. [Moi ici: Ou seja, quando não há mapa, o melhor é fuçar! Somos o que fuçamos! Humildade como a dos ratinhos no "Quem mexeu no meu queijo".] Start small to learn big.
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So, have you an important decision to make? Good. Hold those thoughts! Look around! Do something! Then you may find yourself thinking differently."[Moi ici: "A caminhada acaba por alterar o mundo, acaba por alterar-nos e por alterar a nossa percepção sobre esse mundo. Então, uma nova iteração terá de ter lugar."]

BTW, recordo a leitura de um artigo científico numa revista de biologia acerca da relação entre a génese do pensamento e a necessidade de movimentação.  

Comunicar benefícios em vez de atributos

"You've designed a great product. It answers a market need. You did extensive work to determine the right monetization model, and you developed a winning pricing strategy. Now it's time to let your customers know about your product. For a successful launch, your marketing and sales teams must be strong in communicating and selling the value of your product to customers. As management guru Peter Drucker once said: "Customers don't buy products. They buy the benefits that these products and their suppliers offer to them."
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It sounds easy, but consider this: You have thought about your innovation for months or even years. You know the product inside and out. However, a salesperson may only have 10 minutes with the customer. Your customer might stay on your website only for five minutes. An advertisement may only run for 15 seconds. That marketing message. that sales pitch, and that ad must clearly articulate the value to customers in a very short period of time. If they don't, the would-be customer runes out. How can you maximize your acquisition success? You need to start by articulating benefits—not features—and focus on the most important ones. You need to speak the customer's language, not your language. Finally, you need to get your marketing and sales teams involved early in the product development process. 

Comunicar benefícios em vez de atributos não é fácil. Recordar:

• Old Miths Die Hard... (Outubro de 2010)
• É a experiência de uso na vida dos clientes, não as especificações (Novembro de 2011)
• Muito cuidado com a escolha dos clientes-alvo (Agosto de 2012)

Trecho retirado de "Monetizing Innovation"

Sinais

Sinal dos tempos e da evolução demográfica em curso "New social travel club exclusively for over 50s"

Sim - porque são a única geração com guita para poupar pic.twitter.com/BTvNsO6qe7

— PBM (@pedroboucherie) July 22, 2016

Recordar "Spray maritimo que precede o splash da onda" e "Curiosidade do dia"

Curiosidade do dia

"Durante quatro anos, entre 2011 e 2015, todas as culpas em Portugal foram do governo de Passos Coelho. Sócrates chamou a troika? Não importava: a culpa era de Passos. E agora, dez meses depois, de quem são as culpas? Pois ainda e sempre de Passos. Os bancos estremecem?

A comissão europeia ameaça com sanções? É culpa de Passos, por mais que os comissários em Bruxelas expliquem, no caso das sanções, que tudo depende do presente governo tomar as providências necessárias.
...
Ontem, constou que Costa estava preocupado. Depois, constou que não estava. Não sei se está ou não. Também não sei se o governo vai conseguir enrolar a Europa. Talvez consiga. Mas o que não vai é tornar Portugal um melhor lugar para trabalhar e investir. E sem isso, tudo se esfumará um dia, quando o BCE acabar com o dinheiro barato. Dir-me-ão: será como em 2011. Passos Coelho terá de vir limpar a casa, e lá ficará outra vez com as culpas. O próprio Passos, no conselho nacional do PSD de quarta-feira, ter-se-ia muito cristãmente conformado com esse destino. Mas acontece que o mundo já não é o mesmo de 2011, a Europa não é a mesma, nem Portugal é o mesmo. A paciência de Passos para fazer o que já fez, como o personagem de Bill Murray em Groundhog Day, pode-nos induzir em erro: o erro dos pessimistas que são optimistas sem o saber"

Recordo esta outra Curiosidade do dia.

Trechos retirados de "A culpa? Fica para o próximo governo de Passos"

E o ponto de vista dos clientes?

Ao longo dos anos tenho escrito sobre o tema aqui no blogue:

• Será que os estudiosos viajam de autocarro? (Janeiro de 2007)
• Observar é melhor que perguntar (Junho de 2011)
• Get out of the building (Dezembro de 2011)

Recordo o tema por causa disto "Hospital Bosses Eat Hospital Food For A Week, Then Revamp Its Entire Food System":

"After receiving a complaint about terrible food from the wife of a former patient, the managers and CEO of the Ottawa General Hospital spent a week eating hospital food. They hated it as much as the patient did, so they did something about it.
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This story makes one wonder how many other services might be improved if only the bosses were forced to use them. The tech sector has a term for making its employees use their own products—"eating your own dog food.""

E na sua empresa, como é?
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Conseguem experienciar a jornada, os pontos de contacto entre os clientes e a sua empresa?

Acerca do desemprego

Desenvolvimentos interessantes na evolução do desemprego medido pelo IEFP em 2016.
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Depois de nos três primeiros meses do ano o desemprego ter aumentado, algo só visto recentemente no ano de 2012, o segundo trimestre voltou a fazer reduzir o desemprego.

Já agora, um ponto interessante. entre Janeiro Junho de 2015 e Janeiro Junho de 2016 mais de 71% da queda do desemprego foi no grupo "Indústria, energia e água e construção" que representa apenas 27% de todo o desemprego. Ou seja, o grosso da queda do desemprego ocorre no sector secundário. Por exemplo, o sector dos serviços com o maior número de desempregados, "Actividades imobiliárias, administrativas e dos serviços de apoio" viu o desemprego crescer cerca de 3% em termos homólogos.

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A evolução total de desempregados, com a inversão da tendência iniciada há um ano:

Quanto à evolução homóloga (a azul) e mensal (a castanho):

Confesso que esperava um melhor desempenho homólogo do sector "Alojamento, restauração e similares" que apenas baixou 3,7% o número de desempregados inscritos.

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Interessante ver como sem obras públicas mas muitas pequenas obras de reconstrução e reparação o desemprego na construção caiu em termos homólogos quase 15%. Saliente que nas últimas semanas me tenho surpreendido, ao visitar aldeias do interior, algumas sem rede de telemóvel, nos concelhos de Góis e Arganil, com a quantidade de casas reconstruídas. Não é um fenómeno restrito a Porto e Lisboa.

Correcção feita às 12h48

Mais do que evidências, persistência!

"For the rest of us, though, the flip isn't something that happens at the first glance or encounter with new evidence.
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This doesn't mean the evidence doesn't matter.
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It means that we're bad at admitting we were wrong.
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Bad at giving up one view of the world to embrace the other.
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Mostly, we're bad at abandoning our peers, our habits and our view of ourselves.
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If you want to change people's minds, you need more than evidence. You need persistence. And empathy. And mostly, you need the resources to keep showing up, peeling off one person after another, surrounding a cultural problem with a cultural solution."

Trecho retirado de "The flip is elusive"

Underserved ou overserved?

A propósito de "Subir na escala de valor" e destes comentários:

"[Moi ici: Outra vez a disrupção? Agora a servir os underserved, ou os overserved? Talvez esta categorização aqui não funcione tão facilmente] "Consumers are embracing gadgets that do one thing well," said Hiromi Yamaguchi, an analyst at Euromonitor in Tokyo. "Larger appliance makers are selling products with too many functions, and not a lot of people use them."[Moi ici: "too many functions" parece significar overserved. No entanto, a substituição é não por um produto inferior que faz bem uma coisa, mas por um produto superior que faz bem uma coisa, e isso é "underserved"]"

Um artigo bem interessante, "Diagnosing Dislocation":

"Imagine that you run a large company, prominent in its industry, with a loyal customer base and strong profit margins. Suddenly, a new product comes along that threatens your existence.
...
new products and services can enter your market from other directions, each distinct in terms of how, where, and when it affects your business. These are market dislocations — radical breakaways from the existing market that occur when a company introduces a business model or a product that sits apart from those of competitors.
...
Then, of course, there are bottom-up dislocations, or disruptions.
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incumbents need to recognize the distinctions among the various types of dislocations they may face. Disruptors typically first go after nonusers or the least profitable low-end customers. Only later do the disruptors start capturing an incumbent’s core customers.
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New entrants coming from the side or from the top, meanwhile, go after an incumbent’s core customers right away — thus presenting a more immediate threat."

Curiosidade do dia

Está na altura de jogar a carta do inocente, do cândido, do mártir para enganar os papalvos:

• António Costa pessimista em reunião com deputados
• Deputados do PS receiam precipitação de eleições antecipadas
• Carta que Governo enviou a Bruxelas está "mal escrita"
• Dívida pública aumenta para 238 mil milhões
• Curiosidade do dia

Produtividade e gestão

"We turn to a long-standing question in economics, stretching back to at least Walker (1887), of how much of the variation in national and firm performance can be accounted for by di erences in management practices?
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Overall, on average 30% of the cross country gap in TFP appears to be management related. This fraction varies a lot between countries. In general we account for a smaller fraction of the TFP gap between the U.S. and low income countries like Zambia (6.2%), Ghana (9.7%), and Tanzania (12%), which is likely to be because these countries have much greater problems than just management quality. We account for a larger fraction of the TFP gap between the U.S. and richer countries like Sweden (43.9%), Italy (48.9%) and France (52.3%). Figure A4 graphically illustrates this, showing that more developed countries have a higher share of their TFP gap accounted for by di erences in management.
...
Economists, business people and many policymakers have long believed that management practices are an important element in productivity."

Trechos retirados de "Management as a Technology?" de Nicholas Bloom; Raffaella Sadun e John Van Reenen. HBS Working Paper 16-133

Pre conceitos

Ontem de manhã no programa "O mundo ao ouvido" na rádio Antena 1 ouvi uma conversa banal sobre como nós humanos imitamos os sons dos animais. Ás tantas a conversa era como a imitação difere de língua para língua. Um francês, um japonês, um indiano, um português todos proferem sons diferentes ao imitar o mesmo galo, o mesmo gato, o mesmo cão.
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Então, Helena Matos faz uma afirmação que não mais me abandonou durante o dia. Ela recordou aquela estória:

• Quantas palavras usamos em português para falar de neve? Neve; gelo; granizo; saraiva; geada; ...
• Quantas dezenas de palavras têm os suecos e os noruegueses quando querem falar de neve? Já ouvi dizer que têm mais de 40 palavras.

Porque estamos numa dada realidade habituamos-nos a olhar para ela de uma dada maneira e assumimos, sem intervenção consciente, uma série de preconceitos, para facilitar a interpretação dessa realidade. Por isso, não reparamos no novo penteado da nossa cara metade.

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O que inferi das palavras de Helena Matos e acho fascinante, é que faremos o mesmo com os sons. Habituamos-nos a certos sons e tornamos-nos especialistas neles. Por falta de uso, em relação a outros sons, ou não os ouvimos, ou não os percepcionamos. Depois, perante uma mesma realidade, o cantar de um galo, diferentes pessoas de diferentes origens linguísticas ouvem e replicam coisas diferentes.

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Fascinante.

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E carreador de sentimentos de humildade...

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Diferentes experiências de vida, diferentes formas de ver o mundo. 

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Claro que o mundo é só um, no fim, sobrevivem os que têm melhores explicações... porque há os que nunca aprendem com o teste do ácido.

"you are left with one choice"

"Is your business “playing to win” or "just playing to play"
...
He says good strategy starts with making the very difficult choices about what your business chooses to do and what it chooses not to do. These choices need to focus on how best to differentiate your business in a competitive marketplace.
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Entrepreneurs often kick the can down the road on making these types of hard decisions because they fear that their strategic choices may be incorrect. Or the choices may negatively impact the bottom line, especially in the short run.
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Your business cannot be all things to all people. If you don’t make choices on what markets you will serve, you won’t have an effective strategy. As Martin emphasized during his talk, “being the same as others or ‘just playing to play’ is a recipe for mediocrity.”
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He believes it’s important to remember some business basics. Enterprises compete in one of two ways ­— either by being the cost leader, or by differentiating your product or service. Since a small business typically isn’t a cost leader in their industry, you are left with one choice."[Moi ici: Uma outra forma de dizer que a estratégia do custo não é para quem quer, é para quem pode]

Depois, o resto do texto é sobre a técnica de Roger Martin para avaliar estratégias.
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E a sua empresa ... tem uma estratégia?


Trechos retirados de "Good small business strategy begins with hard choices"

E porque não somos plankton (parte VII)

E porque não somos plankton (parte VI)

"Understanding why Dollar Shave Club was cheap means understanding why its blades are cheap, and understanding that means understanding just how precarious the position of P&G specifically and incumbents generally are in the emerging Internet economy.
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For their part, Unilever is fortunate they don’t have a shaving business to protect, because being an incumbent is going to increasingly be the worst place to be. Dollar Shave Club’s motto may be “Shave Money Shave Time,” but just how many shareholders and policy makers are prepared for the shaving of value that this acquisition suggests is coming sooner rather than later?"

Uma conclusão que espelha uma reflexão feita neste blogue há muitos anos. Mongo não é um lugar bom para os gigantes, Mongo não é um bom lugar para os incumbentes. Incumbentes rimam bem com mass-market e mal com tribos aguerridas.
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Só em 2016, escrevemos:

• Mongo não é um mundo gigantes-friendly (parte III)
• Decididamente Mongo não é para gigantes
• Acerca do futuro dos gigantes
• Mongo é uma espécie de final Cretáceo para os gigantes
• Acerca de Mongo
• Isto é poesia para quem acredita na vantagem de Mongo para as PME

Qual o perigo para a Unilever? Recordar "Quando Golias compra um David"

Trechos retirados de "Dollar Shave Club and The Disruption of Everything"

Curiosidade do dia

Há dias escrevemos:

estes etnocêntricos estão mesmo a proíbir q a comunidade cigana de Estarreja deixe de poder usar carroças? https://t.co/2ysDs1Vo4h

— Carlos P da Cruz (@ccz1) July 15, 2016

Esta manhã num aldeia do concelho de Arganil vi alguns desses criminosos, segundo o PAN:

Parolos da cidade que não conhecem nem o país nem o que é a vida real.

Para reflexão

- É a vida!

Frase que pode ser proferida quando um incumbente bem gerido (em termos de exploitation) é "eliminado" do mercado por um disruptor.
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E quando um incumbente mal gerido, como a CGD, por exemplo, está tão concentrado a tentar sobreviver às consequências dos erros passados, os exageros do tempo das vacas gordas, que nem se foca na disrupção em curso?

"European banks need to drastically transform their business models to become sustainably profitable and earn their costs of equity. This report raises serious questions about the sustainability of current banking business models and offers three innovative strategic options for what traditional banks could become: platform banks, digital banks, or OEM banks — streamlined banks that emulate original equipment manufacturers.
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Our team recently studied 46 European banks and found that only 10 achieved a positive economic spread in 2015, thereby earning their costs of equity. The remaining banks in our study showed significant gaps in profitability. Overall, the European financial institutions we studied accumulated an earnings shortfall of €110 billion (US$125 billion).
...
Platform banks: [Moi ici: Proposta de valor - Serviço] This model would be marked by open infrastructures and the assimilation of products from competitors and financial technology companies into a bank’s own offerings. The core competencies of platform banks would include customer relationship management and the anticipation of client needs, along with the maintenance of open product infrastructures. Digital banks: [Moi ici: Proposta de valor - Inovação] This model is characterized by extensive digitization of customer service as well as all downstream and back-office processes. Inspired by the product development approach of emerging technology companies, digital banks would be in a position to rapidly and efficiently respond to changes in customer or regulatory demands. OEM banks: [Moi ici: Proposta de valor - Preço] This model, inspired by automakers, calls for lean banks distinguished by a low degree of vertical integration. The traditional value chain would be dissolved and efficiency maximized by the integration of external vendors. Although no traditional bank has yet made the full transition to any of these new models, there are signs that some institutions are moving in."

Trechos retirados de "Strategy & European Banking Outlook 2016: It's time to radically rethink business models"

Online conjugado com a economia das experiências (parte III)

Parte I e parte II.

"Millennials prefer to spend their money on experiences, not the apparel that is Macy's bread and butter.
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The younger generation does buy clothes, but when they do, it's often in the form of something quick, cheap, and fast.
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And as Jason Dorsey, cofounder and millennials expert at The Center for Generational Kinetics, told Business Insider, they're so prone to spending money on experiences that they often rent clothes and jewelry, which is a death knell to apparel retailers.
...
Since experiences take a great share of young people's finite wallets, someone has to lose out.
...
" From a retailer perspective, the entire shopping experience literally needs to be an experience, not a commodity," Dorsey said. "This may seem obvious, but in practice it’s much harder to do, especially for department stores. For retailers integrating things like live music, exclusive events, digital gaming, and the unexpected — such as an impromptu fashion show — is what transforms retail shopping into an experience."
...
These experiences could be gourmet-food tastings on Saturday, film a YouTube TV show on-site and invite shoppers to participate, and even bring samples of brands or designs that they’re considering bringing in and let customers vote," Dorsey said.
,
"The key is to be unexpected and involve millennial shoppers — and the best part is it doesn’t even have to do with clothes, jewelry, cosmetics, housewares, or perfume. You could literally have a day where you’re showcasing local artisans in a common area and asking them to invite all their friends and vote for the winner. Getting department stores integrated into the community is what makes experiences take root and become something people look forward to and want to visit."
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In February, retail expert Warren Shoulberg posited that putting restaurants in stores — a strategy that's older than 100 years — could potentially save the ailing American retail industry.
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"Those first merchants of retailing knew what today’s generation is having to relearn: that retail stores are more than a place to buy stuff,"[Moi ici: Recordar "O poder do contexto" aqui é pôr a loja no contexto da sua utilização]
...
"There is no reason, however, they could not integrate more experience like beauty services, dining, fashion shows, etc. John Lewis department stores in the UK are model for this: they’ve teamed up with third party dining brands, invested in new in-store services and experiences and have thrived as a result," Saunders wrote. "What’s lacking from mainstream US department stores is any sense of imagination – and it shows on the shop floor!""

Trechos retirados de "Millennials only want to spend money on one thing — and it's killing Macy's"

"value pricing ... is about customizing an outcome for your client"

"Before you can change to value pricing, however, you must first understand the relationship between value and what you are selling,[Moi ici: O que vendemos é um recurso, um instrumento, uma ponte para chegar ao resultado pretendido]
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remember that in any interaction or relationship with a client, there has also got to be a profit for the client. The total value you create then is your value and the client’s value together.
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often the client doesn’t know fully what they value - what they want, in other words. Your role is to help them see what else they need, beyond their compliance requirements. You are opening the client’s mind, finding the things they care about, looking for triggers. This way you can increase the value you offer, and the price then just follows the value.
...
“Value changes, and it changes based on time, place, location and what outcome customers are seeking.” [Moi ici: Daí a importância das tribos e de fazer crescer o cliente, educar o cliente, integrá-lo numa constelação de relações, sinais, significados] In other words, value is related to the context of the situation at hand, and therefore, a focus on value provides the opportunity to drive pricing higher.
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value pricing requires pricing the customer, and not just the service or product. With that in mind, you are intentionally slowing down the sales process to explore the customer’s wants, desires and outcomes (rather than just their needs) in order to sell an expectation of future results.
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value pricing is not about efforts, hours and activities, but is about customizing an outcome for your client [Moi ici: Precioso!] while sharing risk to identify and agree on the real value for your services."

Trechos retirados de "Price Services More Effectively with Value Pricing"

 

Mongo e código na indústria química

A propósito de "Mais um exemplo de onde o "é meter código nisso" pode chegar, "Industry 4.0 and the chemicals industry":

"The initial momentum of Industry 4.0 in the chemicals industry is primarily at the level of business operations, mainly due to the abundance of historical sensor data collected by chemicals companies over the years.8 The long-term potential for business growth applications promises to be equally, if not more, transformational, but those applications take time to develop.
...

...