O artigo "A tidal wave of trade" publicado na revista The Economist no passado dia 15 discute o aumento brutal das exportações chinesas para as economias do Sudeste Asiático, particularmente para os países da ASEAN.
A desaceleração da procura interna na China e as tensões comerciais com o Ocidente estão a gerar uma enxurrada de produtos chineses para os mercados emergentes da região, desafiando as indústrias locais.
"In the past three years, the value of Chinese exports to the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) has risen by 24%. Imports flowing the other way have not grown. As a result, China's trade surplus with ASEAN has doubled." [Moi ici: OK, mas há que descontar o peso das exportações provenientes da China para serem processadas nesses países, numa tentativa de fazer o by pass a tarifas]
A enxurrada:
"To some extent, rising Chinese exports to ASEAN reflect how firms have adjusted to trade tensions between America and China. [Moi ici: Cá está] Many have added production nodes outside China, particularly in South East Asia. But this is not the whole story. Several lower-value-added sectors in the region have seen a rush of Chinese import competition.
...
In two years the Chinese share of plastics imports across Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam has risen by six percentage points; for iron and steel, the increase was 12 percentage points. Meanwhile the Chinese import surge is happening while ASEAN's exports to the world stagnate. ... In Thailand manufacturing production has fallen by 11% since December 2021. In Indonesia fears of mass layoffs in labour-intensive textiles abound. The industry lost 80,000 jobs in 2024, according to the country's manpower ministry. The government thinks 280,000 textile jobs are at risk this year."
Alguns países têm imposto barreiras comerciais para conter a avalanche de produtos chineses, mas com pouco sucesso.
"Since the start of 2021, ASEAN has introduced 104 new trade restrictions on Chinese goods, including both tariffs and subsidies to offset import competition,
...
In June Indonesia's then-trade minister announced plans to slap 100-200% acrossthe-board tariffs on Chinese goods, but a week later it was walked back."
A enxurrada de produtos chineses para a ASEAN pode ser um prenúncio de desafios para as empresas europeias, mas também pode criar oportunidades para quem souber adaptar-se e encontrar nichos estratégicos.