"Quando uma organização internacional, [Moi ici: FMI] especializada em programas de apoio económico em situações de crise, julga necessário chamar a atenção para o que deveria ser óbvio, é porque identifica uma persistente resistência dos responsáveis políticos por essa economia quando se trata de reconhecer o óbvio.
...
O óbvio só é surpreendente ou paradoxal para quem se recusa a vê-lo. Devia ser óbvio que onde não houver capital também não haverá trabalho. Também devia ser óbvio que substituir capital por dívida entrega aos credores o poder de decidir sobre a vida e a morte da empresa e do emprego.
...
Quem escolhe ignorar o óbvio está a produzir o impossível - que só pode servir para esconder as razões que levam a não aceitar o que o óbvio mostra."
"This week, Staples announced that it won't be using its stores for just selling anymore.
...
As consumers get more comfortable with e-commerce, marketers are finding they need to imbue their brick-and-mortar operations with updated missions.
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Called an "unstore," the site, the electronics company's only consumer outpost, exists solely to display products. If customers want to buy something, they can do so online.
"People know how to purchase on e-commerce and very often get the product the next day," said Zach Overton, VP and general manager of the new space, called Samsung 837. "They don't need another store. They need a place where they can have a deep dive into the brand."
...
a retail outlet that in the past would have been designed solely to drive purchases in the moment can now function entirely as a brand advertisement. These concept stores allow customers to test products, interact with associates and, ideally, better understand the ethos of the brand. With real estate costs at a premium in key urban areas, the sites also allow a retailer to better use every square foot and not waste precious space on on-site stockrooms.
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"Customer experience is becoming more influential in shaping people's expectations," said Denise Lee Yohn, a branding consultant, noting that such stores function as intensive, immersive storytellers that can convey a brand's history, attributes and future vision. "It's allowing the brand to say more about itself than just saying, 'Here is this product.'"
"But as SpoonRocket's case demonstrates, simply having millions of dollars in funding and revenue does not a successful startup make.
...
They were too reliant on VCs
.
Many startups are lulled into a false sense of security by VC funding, particularly when they're hyper-focused on customer acquisition--and it seems likely this was the case with SpoonRocket.
...
Their market was oversaturated
.
In SpoonRocket's farewell blog post, the founders state that one of their biggest challenges was "intense competition from competitors
...
Their differentiating factor... wasn't
...
They failed to scale up
...
They didn't invest in their drivers
.
As with many on-demand startups, SpoonRocket's human point of contact with consumers was also, arguably, the least valued part of the business. The company's drivers were independent contractors who were expected to work irregular hours for low pay --hardly a strategy for building a committed workforce."
"1. Stay positive and choose your beliefsYour beliefs shape your reality and your world: beliefs about yourself, what you’re good at, ... People who are good at change are optimists at their core.Não se deixar contaminar pelos Pigarros desta vida é fundamental.
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2. The change guaranteeThis states that, "From this situation, something good will come." Write this down somewhere you will see it often. Write it in your office for others to see. ... be obsessed with your attitude, how you show up—especially in the midst of change. ... they are not focused on the past (the deal they did not get or the bad decision they made); they do not compare themselves to others; they do not play the "poor me" game (how unlucky they have been); and they keep a sense of newness and momentum.
...
4. Meet the change demons!People who are good at change are very human; they make mistakes, they feel their emotions, but know how to move past them. ... Find the emotion that is stronger—for example, instead of blaming someone for the major mess-up that happened, how can you take responsibility for fixing it?
...
5. Accept changeChange itself is not the hard part; resistance to the change is.
...
- What do you need to stop resisting? (e.g. changing the business model)
- What do you need to get honest about? (e.g. your overspending)
...
- What are you avoiding? (e.g. firing someone you know is not working out)
6. You can’t control everythingDo not try and control other people. Instead, control your language and the words you use; ... Your inner state is the only thing you really can control.
...
9. Take action...
When it comes to action, it is the small changes that create the bigger results, over and over. Little things are not little for the entrepreneur—they are everything. If something does not work, continue changing your approach. Do not simply think about it—get on the court and try it. You will get feedback very soon."
Segundo, "Lisboa lança rendas acessíveis para jovens com rendimentos até 40 mil euros ano"Alguns meses depois de definir "classe média" como alguém que ganhe 900€/mês, o PS quer subsidiar a habitação de quem ganha 2000.— Lourenço Cordeiro (@_lourenco_c) April 7, 2016
Eheh os mesmos q andam em eracção psicológica com a Web Summit em Lx são os mesmos q estão contra a gentrificação de Lx. Definam-se— Carlos P da Cruz (@ccz1) October 6, 2015
"it was the ability of japan black to dry quickly that made it a favorite of early mass-produced automobiles such as Henry Ford's Model T. The Ford company's reliance on japan black led Henry Ford to quip "Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black".Recordar "Preço ou custo?"
While other colors were available for automotive finishes, early colored variants of automotive lacquers could take up to 14 days to cure, whereas japan black would cure in 48 hours or less."
"E os preços são mais baratos que nas lojas acima referidas. Ou seja, encontrei uma loja que associa conhecimento especializado a um preço mais baixo... que mais pode um cliente pedir?"Por que recordei novamente a Tavares?
"What drives us isn’t offering products at the lowest cost. We have never, and will never, win on price. And we don’t want to, thank you very much. That’s a race to the bottom that offers no prize.A gestão da Tavares tentou iludir o Evangelho do Valor.
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What does drive us continues to be that customer who comes through the door in search of answers for her aching feet; the customer who comes to us looking for help in setting a new personal record; or the customer who shows up on a cold Tuesday night to his training program, ready to run a mile without stopping for the first time in his life.
.
It’s those moments, when our expertise, our passion, and our conviction that running is the foundation of a healthy and happy lifestyle create an in-person experience that isn’t transactional, it’s transcendental. It is, and can be, a life-changing experience.
...
f you look hard enough, you will always find something cheaper. But I'll gladly pay extra for excellent customer service and human interaction. It’s what I genuinely believe, and it’s a bet I continue to make when it comes to what our customers believe, too.
.
They come to us for inspiration, information, and yes, insight, that can’t be accessed online. As long as we provide that insight and that transcendental experience, we’ll outlast any sale every time."
"While those "Uber for X" startups seek to distance themselves from the driving, cleaning, and delivering they facilitate, instead functioning only as a technology layer on top of other businesses, Slate fully believes that it is a cleaning and laundry company. "We’re not techies,"Como escreve Geoff Colvin em "Humans are Underrated":
...
"There is no doubt to us that if we want to be successful, and if we want to be in the cleaning of clothes business, then we have to own that business," he says. "It’s very difficult to get the kind of consistent quality that you need to provide to keep customers without doing it yourself."[Moi ici: Mais do que "own that business" para mim é o own the interaction step, own the contact step, own the connection step, own the co-criation step, own the bond step]
...
While the first generation of "on-demand" companies had a business model similar to the one made famous by Uber, many new service-sector startups are instead launching, or pivoting toward, a philosophy more aligned with Slate.
These entrepreneurs are not launching technology companies or even "on demand" companies. They are instead starting child-care companies, retail stores, restaurants, and laundry services that use mobile technology not only for delivery, but as a way to be more efficient at every step of their operations.
...
"There are a lot of companies that can do delivery, but there’s not a lot of value-add. It’s just logistics. What we’re adding is a human connection. That’s really hard to do. That’s the missing link in a digital world.""
"The most valuable people are increasingly relationship workers"E a sua PME, ainda que não esteja no mundo da tecnologia (e devia pensar seriamente nisso, lembre-se do "é meter código nisso") o que é que faz pela interacção?
"The underlying premise of any organization is to create value. Historically, firms have done so through engineering ever greater efficiency. By honing internal processes, optimizing the supply chain and reducing product inventories, managers could improve margins and create a sustainable competitive advantage.Trechos retirados de "The One Big Reason Every Business Needs To Embrace Complexity"
.
That’s created a bias for simple, linear thinking. Adding extra variables to any process is bound to increase errors and diminish quality, so generations of managers have been trained to wring complexity out of the system in order to create streamlined operations. “Keep it simple, stupid” has become a common corporate mantra.
.
Yet in today’s networked marketplace, agility trumps efficiency.
...
managers need to embrace complexity. Not because it will make their enterprise more efficient - it won’t - but because that’s what will allow them to create maximum value in an increasingly complex marketplace."
"The underlying premise of any organization is to create value.[Moi ici: As organizações criam recursos que podem ser usados pelos clientes para eles criarem valor, as organizações podem, quando muito, co-criar valor em interacção com os clientes. Recordar o caso das "Águas de Monchique"]
...
Innovation has become the primary driver of value".[Moi ici: Acredito que o "primary driver of value" é a interacção entre a organização e um cliente individual]
"Se Portugal tiver sorte terá um crescimento de 1% este ano, não de quase 2%."
"No que respeita ao efectivo leiteiro, registou-se uma descida considerável, com o desaparecimento de 22% das vacas e de cerca de 68% das explorações, a nível nacional. O efectivo leiteiro apresentou uma redução em todas as regiões, com excepção do Alentejo. Nas principais regiões produtoras, o número de vacas leiteiras apresentou quebras de 45% na Beira Litoral, 19% no Entre Douro e Minho e 6% nos Açores.
.
O número de explorações leiteiras registou um decréscimo bem mais acentuado, particularmente nestas duas regiões do Continente (-74%), enquanto nos Açores diminuiu 36%, em relação a 1999. No entanto, a produção de leite nos últimos dez anos manteve-se estável, resultado do aumento de produtividade do sector, em grande parte devido ao investimento em tecnologia e ao melhoramento genético do efectivo leiteiro.
...
Apesar da acentuada tendência para a concentração, traduzida no aumento do número de bovinos por exploração, que mais do que duplicou, passando de
13,8 cabeças em 1999 para 28,6 cabeças em 2009, e desta evolução ser ainda mais evidente nas explorações leiteiras (de 10,8 para 26,7 cabeças/exploração), continuam a existir muitas explorações pecuárias de reduzida dimensão. Cerca de 31% das explorações têm 1 ou 2 cabeças e cerca de 62% possuem menos de 10 bovinos. No entanto, é de notar o aumento do número de explorações com 50 ou mais bovinos, que constituindo apenas 14% das explorações com bovinos, concentram 74 % do efectivo total."
"Nos 10 anos em análise [1999-2009] verificou-se um decréscimo acentuado do número de explorações com bovinos (-51%), enquanto o efectivo, pelo contrário, registou um ligeiro acréscimo (+1%), o que se traduziu no referido aumento do dimensionamento médio do efectivo por exploração."(fonte: INE, Recenseamento Agrícola 2009)Encadeados pelo foco desse modelo, tudo é feito para reduzir os custos, inclusivé este tipo de proposta é lançada:
"a reutilização das proteínas animais nas rações"O que gerará a dúvida e o medo, depois, da crise das vacas loucas, dos nitrofuranos, da carne de cavalo, de ...
"Cada vez mais compradores especializados vão querer garantias de que o fornecedor não faz batota. E mesmo que as proteínas animais voltem às rações, será que os consumidores vão estar dispostos a consumi-las?"A alternativa é mudar de modelo mental e apostar na decomoditização com a carta da proximidade e autenticidade.
"there will soon be a way to authenticate your artisanal olive oil before you buy it. Thanks to interconnected mobile phones, cameras, sensors, and spectrometers, you will soon be able to analyze virtually anything in the physical world. Forget the internet of things. This is the "internet of X."Pois:
...
The Israeli startup Consumer Physics has built an internet of ingestibles, using handheld molecular sensors embedded with a tiny spectrometer. Point one at an object, like a watermelon, and it breaks the light being reflected into a spectrum to show the object's chemical fingerprint. That information is then compared with a database of foodstuffs. Scan and search, the company says, to see if a watermelon has reached peak sweetness, or whether your medicine is real or counterfeit."
"Besides unlocking information, the internet of X will create new demand for transparency. Imagine if every food had its own digital nutrition label that could be scanned to display its exact ingredients and nutrients. If I were a crooked "olive oil" peddler, I'd start worrying."Quem estiver a descer o "escorrega" dos custos dificilmente poderá apanhar esta onda de valor acrescentado e, de nada valerá ser legal o que conta é a vontade dos consumidores.
"Nor is leadership performing in that other sense, the sense of being “a high performer.” And yet too often we look for leaders among the profit maximizers and goal attainers. But a leader’s fundamental role isn’t merely to perform the same tasks as yesterday, just more efficiently; it is to redefine the idea of performance entirely.Trechos retirados de "Are You a Leader, or Just Pretending to Be One?"
...
Leadership is in an uncertain place. We long desperately for better leaders. But perhaps it is precisely our longing that’s the problem. We’re waiting for a rescue at the cost of our own redemption. Because it’s easier to complain about the leaders we have than to try to do better. After all, it’s a pretty hard job."
"passou de 18,8 mil no 4º trimestre de 2013 para 14,0 mil no 4º trimestre de 2015."Entretanto, ontem descobri um gráfico interessante acerca da demografia na agricultura portuguesa:
- De quem é essa garrafa?Depois, ao final da tarde fui com a minha mulher ao Intermarché de Estarreja e juro, a certa altura ela pediu-me para ... ir buscar um garrafão de 5 litros de ... já sabem, "Águas de Monchique" (foi ela que no ano passado me alertou para o atributo do pH alcalino).
- É minha - respondeu a responsável da Qualidade!
- Por que é que escolhe essa marca? - perguntei.
- Por causa do pH alcalino!!!
"De acordo com o responsável, a empresa tem necessidade de aumentar a produção para responder à procura dos mercados.Quem compra "Águas de Monchique" não compra água, para isso tem a água engarrafada a metade do preço ou a água corrente da torneira. Quem compra "Águas de Monchique" sabe qual o efeito do pH alcalino, valoriza esse efeito na saúde e está disposto a pagar por esse efeito. A água é um recurso processado pelo cliente e é ele que sente, que experiencia o valor na sua vida.
.
O mercado asiático é o de maior exportação, nomeadamente para a China, Hong Kong, Singapura e Macau, que importam cerca de 30% do volume de produção da água algarvia. Nestas áreas, “as vendas têm aumentado substancialmente”. [Moi ici: Presumo que tenham uma margem muito boa]
...
O responsável acrescentou que a marca Monchique aumentou também em cerca de 60% a sua presença no mercado nacional, apontando o crescimento de “clientes fiéis que conhecem os benefícios que a água tem na saúde"."
"the “smart tampon,” outfitted with chips and transmitters"
"People who suffer from a problem are uniquely equipped to solve it. “What we find is that functionally novel innovations — those for which a market is not yet defined — tend to come from users,”
...
“The reason users are so inventive is twofold. One is that they know the needs firsthand,” he said. The other is that they have skin in the game."
"A economia portuguesa terá crescido entre 0,4% e 0,6% no primeiro trimestre deste ano, o que representa uma aceleração face ao verificado nos três meses anteriores (crescimento em cadeia de 0,2%)"Agora reparem no título: "acelerou".
"O PIB cresceu 1,5% no primeiro trimestre face ao mesmo período de 2014, uma revisão em alta de uma décima face à primeira leitura do INE. Trata-se do maior crescimento homólogo desde o terceiro trimestre de 2010.Acelerou... OK!
A economia portuguesa cresceu 1,5% no primeiro trimestre deste ano face ao período homólogo e 0,4% face aos três meses anteriores,"
"calling on farmers to fight industry decline by going back to their roots, and reconnecting with their local communities.
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To save Fordhall Farm, the pair launched a scheme believed to be the first of its kind in England: issuing shares and putting their farm under the ownership of a community farm land trust, controlled by local people and preserved for future generations.
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These shareholders are now brand ambassadors and loyal customers of the farm, which sells its produce via the farm shop and online.
...
She is calling on smallholders to copy the Fordhall model and work with local customers. “The British public wants to pay a fair price. They want farmers to make a decent living. The moment farmers cut out the middle men, they can reclaim their livelihoods,” she said.
...
“People are more and more aware of where their food comes from. It’s the perfect time for community businesses to be born and farmers to take power back into their own hands.”"
É preciso não conhecer a biografia de Jobs, ou os textos de Hilary Austen, ou o futuro de Mongo para esquecer o papel da arte.de q interessa a tecnologia, a engenharia, a economia e a ciência, sem a arte?— Carlos P da Cruz (@ccz1) April 2, 2016
"Like many industries, Big Fashion companies keep acquiring tiny, money-losing, buzz-worthy brands… that never quite go mainstream. They die silently and perhaps mercifully. But the real question is: why is this a pattern, when it’s both predictable and pointless? Because the fashion industry is making stuff for critics. Like many industries, from tech to media to sports, it’s trying to please them, win them over, even pander to them. But the critics aren’t the people who are buying the stuff. Result: shapeless, gigantic, genderless clothes that critics love… but that are driving the business of fashion to stagnation. They’re out of touch with what people actually want, love, hunger for.
...
He also, importantly, made clothes people actually wanted to wear, and that looked better up-close in stores than they did on the runway. The fashion world was shocked.
...
But collection by collection, he built a devoted cult of fans precisely because he was ahead of even the critics. The self-referential game of pleasing critics might feel good — but it doesn’t necessarily build a business.
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To do that, you have to make products people truly desire. It’s a dirty word in boardrooms, desire. We’re more comfortable with calculative, rational expressions of wants. We can put them in spreadsheets and crunch and process those. There’s just one tiny problem. So can consumers. You don’t pay royally for stuff that you’re running a calculation in the back of your mind about. You pay royally for stuff that enchants, hypnotizes, and entrances you. Stuff you love. Stuff that we love — whether that “stuff” is people or clothes or phones, to be crude — suspends the rational bits of us. It intoxicates us and leaves us giddy. We say to ourselves, “Of course it’s too expensive… but I don’t care. I have to have it.” [Moi ici: Excelente!!! Isto é Mongo! Isto é a concorrência imperfeita! Isto é arte!]
...
At the core of this financial success is real artistry.
...
Clusters like Brooklyn and Detroit are putting artistry and craft back into products from chocolate to coffee to furniture today. But the harsh truth is that Big Corporations see artisanship as marketing. They try to brand it, tricking people into thinking there’s artistry in things – Tesco’s “fictional farms” marketing ploy is a recent example — not really practicing itor investing in it. They should take a lesson from Slimane and actually do it.[Moi ici: A importância da autenticidade]
...
That’s how you get out of the trap of simply riding trends and cashing in on them: ignoring critics, breaking rules, making things people truly desire, and making them with real artistry. It takes a rare combination of personal genius and organizational risk – which is perhaps why we don’t see that many Slimanes out there. Still, we can always hope for more."
"Familiales, non cotées en Bourse, ancrées dans les territoires, elles croissent de façon endogène se finançant au rythme de leurs profits."Outro pormaior, claro para quem percebe que compete pelo aumento do preço unitário em vez de pela redução do custo unitário, é:
"Autre trait commun de ces groupes familiaux, le patron se comporte davantage en entrepreneur qu’en investisseur. Il a l’obsession de la transmission, pas des dividendes, et développe l’entreprise dans la durée, en investissant massivement dans l’innovation. Accessoirement, le personnel n’est pas un coût à réduire constamment."Tão diferente da obsessão dos encalhados no Normalistão do século XX e os seus "91 more Oreo bakery workers receive layoff notices"
Recordar "Uma visão sensata"Focus on the space where you can make a difference . . . pic.twitter.com/FlmGemVMui— John Hagel (@jhagel) April 3, 2016
"Hackathons are no longer just for coders. Companies far outside the tech world are using these intense brainstorming and development sessions to stir up new ideas on everything from culture change to supply chain management.O facto de no fim as equipas terem de apresentar uma proposta... não chega mandar bocas e voltar ao ramram.
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At their best, hackathons create a structure and process around idea development. Sure, breaking out of the day-to-day routine can reinvigorate and inspire staff, but hackathons also demonstrate to employees that innovation is not only welcomed but also expected. Well-run hackathons lead to concrete ideas for new products and processes that can improve the customer experience and increase growth."
"a reutilização das proteínas animais nas rações"Depois, da crise das vacas loucas, dos nitrofuranos, da carne de cavalo, de ... a tendência é para a autenticidade e transparência, não para o retorno ao passado.
"The Internet of Things is a good example of this change. Every industry, no matter how traditional — agriculture, automotive, aviation, energy — is being upended by the addition of sensors, internet connectivity, and software. Success in this environment will depend on more than just creating better digital-enabled products; it will depend on building ecosystem-level strategies that encompass the many moving pieces that come together to create the new value proposition.Um excelente texto, "Many Companies Still Don’t Know How to Compete in the Digital Age", para ler mais do que uma vez e ficar a ruminar nas ligações à série "É meter código nisso"
.
Understanding and deciphering ecosystem-level disruption will be the key for executives in the coming decade.
...
The first step to taking an ecosystem perspective is to distinguish between situations where your ability to create value depends mostly on your own execution (product-based world) and situations where your value creation is critically impacted by the activities of other firms and technologies (ecosystem world). If you are competing in an ecosystem world, you must pay as much attention to the progress of co-innovators as to your own innovation efforts. This means recognizing when their slow development will act as a bottleneck to your own growth and when their accelerating development can fuel the growth of substitutes."
"she decided, was starting an online market stocked with artisan works made by survivors of war, genocide, human trafficking and other abuses. The site To the Market would put much-needed money into their hands.O poder da experiência. Por que é que as lojas não investem mais nisto?
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Each handmade piece on the site has a powerful back story,
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But in cyberspace, goods can’t be touched. So Ms. Morris, ... turned to pop-up stores as a way to sell the jewelry, handbags and other items that carry these powerful stories.
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Entrepreneurs like Ms. Morris are helping revitalize pop-up stores, a decades-old retail concept. More party than hard sell, this new breed of pop-ups is becoming increasingly innovative and fun — far more than the seasonal pop-ups that once prevailed. And they are also increasingly profitable, experts say, since consumers crave these new experiences.
...
For their part, consumers can meet the designers and touch and feel their works, which cannot be done online. In the process, brands can be built more quickly, sales can be increased and new products can be tested.
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“Pop-up stores are a tremendous format,” ... “They are exponential ways to build a brand.”
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These stores, and e-commerce, are putting big dents in older retail chains"
"the challenge goes beyond being ambidextrous enough to manage today’s business while creating tomorrow’s. There is a third, and even more intractable, problem: letting go of yesterday’s values and beliefs that keep the company stuck in the past.A capacidade para atirar fora a parte do passado que não nos deixa subir para o futuro é crucial
...
the future is not located on some far-off horizon, and you cannot postpone the work of building it until tomorrow. To get to the future, you must build it day by day. That means being able to selectively set aside certain beliefs, assumptions, and practices created in and by the past that would otherwise become a rock wall between your business of today and its future potential.
...
Even as old ideas and practices choke off the new future they’re trying to create, organizations find it very difficult to overcome the power of the past."
"A taxa de poupança das famílias portuguesas, que no final do ano passado estava em 4,1%, situa-se no registo mais baixo da nossa história, e um dos valores mínimos da União Europeia; cerca de um terço dos países com os quais gostamos de nos comparar."Isto acontece porque as famílias estão a desalavancar.
"Lista provisória de credores revela que o grupo de Nuno Vasconcellos deve mais de 972 milhões de euros só à banca. Novo Banco (493,5 milhões) e BCP (282,2 milhões) são os principais credores no PER da Ongoing Strategy Investments. Total de créditos reclamados supera os 1,2 mil milhões de euros"Se todos os bancos fossem espanhóis como é que as elites terão dinheiro fácil?
"Virtually everywhere in the world, parents and policymakers take it for granted that smaller classes are better classes.
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When the governor of California announced sweeping plans to reduce the size of his state’s classes, his popularity doubled within three weeks.
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To this day, 77 percent of Americans think that it makes more sense to use taxpayer money to lower class sizes than to raise teachers’ salaries. Do you know how few things 77 percent of Americans agree on?
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In 2001, there were twenty-three fifth graders. The next year there were ten! Between 2001 and 2002, everything else in that school remained the same. It had the same teachers, the same principal, the same textbooks. It was in the same building in the same town. The local economy and the local population were virtually identical. The only thing that changed was the number of students in fifth grade. If the students in the year with a larger enrollment did better than the students in the year with a smaller one, then we can be pretty sure that it was because of the size of the class, right? This is what is called a “natural experiment.” Sometimes scientists set up formal experiments to try and test hypotheses. But on rare occasions the real world provides a natural way of testing the same theory—and natural experiments have many advantages over formal experiments. So what happens if you use the natural experiment of Connecticut—and compare the year-to-year results of every child who happens to have been in a small class with the results of those who happened to have come along in years with lots of kids? The economist Caroline Hoxby has done just that, looking at every elementary school in the state of Connecticut, and here’s what she found: Nothing! ...
This is just one study, of course. But the picture doesn’t get any clearer if you look at all the studies of class size—and there have been hundreds done over the years. Fifteen percent find statistically significant evidence that students do better in smaller classes. Roughly the same number find that students do worse in smaller classes. Twenty percent are like Hoxby’s and find no effect at all—and the balance find a little bit of evidence in either direction that isn’t strong enough to draw any real conclusions.
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After sorting through thousands of pages of data on student performance from eighteen separate countries, the economists concluded that there were only two places in the world—Greece and Iceland—where there were “nontrivial beneficial effects of reduced class sizes.” Greece and Iceland? The push to lower class sizes in the United States resulted in something like a quarter million new teachers being hired between 1996 and 2004. Over that same period, per-pupil spending in the United States soared 21 percent—with nearly all of those many tens of billions of new dollars spent on hiring those extra teachers. It’s safe to say that there isn’t a single profession in the world that has increased its numbers over the past two decades by as much or as quickly or at such expense as teaching has.
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What if the relationship between the number of children in a classroom and academic performance is not this:
...
What if it’s this?
...Trechos retirados de "David & Goliath" de Malcolm Gladwell
a smaller classroom translates to a better outcome only if teachers change their teaching style when given a lower workload. And what the evidence suggests is that in this midrange, teachers don’t necessarily do that. They just work less. This is only human nature.
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The small class is, in other words, potentially as difficult for a teacher to manage as the very large class. In one case, the problem is the number of potential interactions to manage. In the other case, it is the intensity of the potential interactions. As another teacher memorably put it, when a class gets too small, the students start acting “like siblings in the backseat of a car. There is simply no way for the cantankerous kids to get away from one another.”"
"we’ve hit a dead end with geographic expansion. That’s fine. We can focus on the existing restaurants for now.”Eu é que sou antiquado, aviso. Porque, por mim, antes de pensar em crescer gostaria de perceber porque estou a perder quota de mercado. Crescer para anular esse efeito é fugir a perceber o que se está a passar, é a fuga em frente. É, eventualmente, alimentar e acumular/ampliar um problema actual.
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“Yes, but turnover has been flat for the past few months, and we seem to be losing market share to Tikka House and to western competitors like KFC. Of course, we still have loyal customers who love us for the familiarity, but we don’t seem to be winning new ones. The excitement isn’t there anymore. That’s why Arundhati and I think we need to start expanding in other ways.”"
"As exportações de vinho produzido em Portugal cresceram 2% no ano passado em relação a 2014, ao alcançarem 740 milhões de euros. Este montante de vendas para os mercados externos representa um crescimento 25% face a 2009.
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A grande maioria das vendas internacionais corresponde a vinhos de origem.
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De assinalar ainda que o reforço das exportações de vinho nacional tem sido acompanhado por uma subida, embora ainda tímida, do número de empresas e respectivos trabalhadores.
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O sector é constituído sobretudo por operadores de reduzida dimensão. O número médio de trabalhadores por empresa é inferior a dez. “Só 25 empresas empregam mais de 50 trabalhadores”,"
"Not everything in Germany is wonderful. Export growth in recent years has been based on a decade-long suppression of wages, which has meant the benefits of growth have gone to the owners of companies rather than the people who work for them. [Moi ici: O que é que isto quer dizer? Será que os produtos que os alemães produziam no início da década são os mesmos que produzem no final da década? Pelo texto, parece que sim. Pelo texto, os produtos alemães são os mesmos, como os salários não mexeram, as mais-valias foram para os patrões!!! Come on! Podiam aprender com o exemplo do calçado português, o tal que deixou de se vender a 20€ e passou a vender-se a 230€. Os produtos vendidos pelos alemães, no princípio e no fim da década não são os mesmos.]Sinal de que não percebem o sucesso alemão.
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These companies [German] thrived in the decades immediately after 1945, when the economy boomed as a result of the need to rebuild a war-ravaged country. Whereas UK companies were often hindered by an overvalued pound, the mark was undervalued, making German exports extremely competitive in world markets. [Moi ici: Como se as empresas alemãs estejam habituadas a competir com base em moeda fraca. Como se as empresas inglesas não estivessem protegidas por barreiras alfandegárias logo a seguir à II Guerra Mundial.]
"Outra questão apontada pelos produtores é a da fiscalização dos laticínios importados.Interessante aquele trecho sublinhado!
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"Lobato deixou ainda um pedido aos consumidores, mas também às grandes superfícies "para que tenham sentido nacional e para que tenham iniciativa no sentido de trabalhar com a produção nacional".
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Apelo às entidades para que façam uma fiscalização em relação à qualidade do produto, mas também ao preço praticado nos hipermercados porque há os que conseguem vender o leite a preço mais baixo do que aquele a que nos compram", explicou."
"Esta gente da APROLEP sabe que há mais de 10 anos que se exporta mais leite do que aquele que se importa? Acaso querem proibir as importações e poderem continuar a exportar?"Quanto aos preços, que dizer? Recordar daqui:
"In the late 1990s Chinese premier Zhu Rongji presided over a radical dismantling of the moribund state-owned industrial sector, throwing 30m state workers out of their cradle-to-grave “iron rice bowl” jobs. In some industries, the state factories have been entirely replaced by private companies but in heavy industry the state groups that survived the 1990s were consolidated and flooded with cash to create national champions.Trecho retirado de "China faces struggle to recast steel workers for service sector"
Those sectors are now once again burdened with debt, non-productive assets and extreme excess capacity and current premier Li Keqiang is evoking memories of the 1990s to tackle it. Removing some of that excess capacity raises the spectre of another wave of mass unemployment, but China’s much larger economy means the impact may not be as profound."
"Established industries aren’t ripped apart overnight. That takes time, though when momentum builds, change happens fast. [Moi ici: Recordar o lago e os nenúfares. Foram 47 dias de pacatez e um de revolução] How can incumbents manage through the monumental changes currently under way? One answer is to take a cue from pivotal technology companies leading the change."Recordar este "Para reflexão" antes de ler os trechos que se seguem:
"Many of the companies leading today’s technology-driven transformations across industries are leveraging transitional strategies, or more specifically transitional business platforms.
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Getting in the game helps define the game, but it’s essential to have some idea — even a vague one — of what the game might eventually be. For the next generation, that game will often be about pushing the production and provision of products and services ever closer to the moment of demand.
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Companies that focus on defending established business models will lose in the long run. Companies with foresight will pursue transitional models to be part of driving the change.
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To be clear, succeeding at transitional business platforms does not require predicting the future. Instead, a great transitional model is based on an accurate directional read of the future, providing flexibility and optionality as the future unfolds.
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[Moi ici: Recordar "será uma forma de aproveitar a ocasião para criar uma marca e fazer batota de-comoditizando um sector de actividade."] They build brand presence before markets have been clearly defined.
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Ultimately, all businesses are transitional — we just can’t predict precisely when or how. Businesses focused on optimizing what has worked for years at the expense of the future will create ever-greater risk for their owners, employees, and customers. Experiment with potential transitional models so that your company is ready when the time is right. You can’t lead the way if you’re waiting for someone else to take the lead."
""as empresas bem dimensionadas, que estão bem de vida, normalmente estão especializadas"[Moi ici: Uma alternativa de posicionamento, uma estratégia de diferenciação]
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está agora na corrida ao mercado alemão. "Eles fugiram muito para o Oriente, o que não era muito comum. Os ingleses já foram há mais tempo e voltaram.[Moi ici: O regresso dos clientes, o reshoring]
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mostra as máquinas novas e também as antigas, que são necessárias, porque por vezes, os tecidos usados em outras décadas voltam a estar na moda e nem sempre as empresas estão equipadas para lidar com isso. [Moi ici: Outra alternativa de posicionamento, o serviço à medida. E o exemplo do denim]
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"Nos anos 90 fazíamos 80 ou 90 mil peças por mês com facturações como as que temos agora [com cerca de 60 mil peças]"[Moi ici: Como no calçado, produzir menos unidades e aumentar o preço médio por unidade mais de 40%.]
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Os empresários não estão disponíveis para baixar muito os preços, nem para entrar num segmento mais baixo. [Moi ici: Muito bem, parece que seguem o Evangelho do Valor] "Pode fazer-se muito bons negócios, baixando um bocado [o preço]. Mas vai criar uma falsa expectativa a uma marca que vai querer começar a baixar mais", referiu Manuel Sousa. O futuro está, pelo contrário, em vender mais caro.
...Além dos factores enumerados há que acrescentar o espírito dos empresários, daqueles que têm o locus de controlo no interior.
Queremos diversificar para uma linha média/alta.
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O mercado asiático é o pior, claro, países como o Bangladesh e China. Foi preciso saltar do tipo de clientes que andavam à procura desse artigo para um género mais "premium" e que já não se importa de pagar melhor, além de estar mais perto.[Moi ici: Um marcador que usamos desde Julho de 2008, "proximidade"]
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Que vantagens têm face à vossa concorrência actualmente?
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Temos uma quantidade de coisas a nosso favor, que temos que aproveitar. Primeiro, estamos muito mais perto dos clientes. Somos muito mais fiáveis e entendemos o que o cliente pretende. É mais fácil negociar financeiramente connosco. No Oriente tudo o que se compra tem de se pagar à cabeça. Se há uma reclamação, um problema qualquer, nós entendemos. mandamos para trás e arranja-se de imediato. No Oriente já pagaram e não querem saber. Há muita coisa a nosso favor e nós temos que aproveitar isso."
"O indicador de clima económico aumentou em fevereiro e março, após ter diminuído nos cinco meses anteriores. No mês de referência, os indicadores de confiança aumentaram na Construção e Obras Públicas, no Comércio e nos Serviços, tendo diminuído na Indústria Transformadora."
