quinta-feira, maio 09, 2019

Para reflexão

"The experts were, by and large, horrific forecasters. Their areas of specialty, years of experience, and (for some) access to classified information made no difference. They were bad at short-term forecasting and bad at long-term forecasting. They were bad at forecasting in every domain. When experts declared that future events were impossible or nearly impossible, 15 percent of them occurred nonetheless. When they declared events to be a sure thing, more than one-quarter of them failed to transpire.
...
Even faced with their results, many experts never admitted systematic flaws in their judgment. When they missed wildly, it was a near miss; if just one little thing had gone differently, they would have nailed it. “There is often a curiously inverse relationship,” Tetlock concluded, “between how well forecasters thought they were doing and how well they did.”
...
Hedgehogs are deeply and tightly focused. Some have spent their career studying one problem. ...
Foxes, meanwhile, “draw from an eclectic array of traditions, and accept ambiguity and contradiction,” Tetlock wrote. Where hedgehogs represent narrowness, foxes embody breadth.
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Incredibly, the hedgehogs performed especially poorly on long-term predictions within their specialty. They got worse as they accumulated experience and credentials in their field. The more information they had to work with, the more easily they could fit any story into their worldview.
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Unfortunately, the world’s most prominent specialists are rarely held accountable for their predictions, so we continue to rely on them even when their track records make clear that we should not."
Trechos retirados de "The Peculiar Blindness of Experts"

BTW, este anónimo da província apostou em Agosto de 2013 quando todos falavam da espiral recessiva, foi no dia 25 de Abril de 2013. Recordo Outubro de 2013 e sobretudo "Uma espécie de Agosto de 2013".

Há dias publiquei a segunda parte de "O fim de um ciclo":
E reparem como andam os funcionários do governo no semanário [sim, porque não eu não me esqueço de Gigerenzer], "INE deve apresentar esta semana a taxa de desemprego mais baixa dos últimos 15 anos":
"Economistas ouvidos pelo Expresso apontam, em média, para uma taxa de desemprego de 6,5% no primeiro trimestre deste ano, o que compara com 6,7% nos últimos três meses de 2018. A confirmar-se, será o valor mais baixo desde 2004"
E comparem com "Taxa de desemprego sobe pela primeira vez em três anos":
"No primeiro trimestre de 2019, a taxa de desemprego foi 6,8%, acaba de divulgar o Instituto Nacional de Estatística, registando uma subida de 0,1 pontos percentuais (p.p.) face ao trimestre anterior, mas também uma descida de 1,1 pontos percentuais face ao período homólogo, o primeiro trimestre de 2018. A subida trimestral acontece pela primeira vez desde o primeiro trimestre de 2016."[Moi ici: Recordar "Acerca do desemprego"]
A maré já mudou, agora só está a ser atenuada pela boleia demográfica.

quarta-feira, maio 08, 2019

A onda demográfica

A propósito de "Why marketing to seniors is so terrible", um texto sobre o qual muitos marketeiros deviam ler e reflectir:
"If you took your entire view of the human race from primetime advertising alone, you’d see a society without old people. They don’t work, they don’t drink beer, they don’t drive cars."
E recuo a Dezembro de 2006... e recordo este mapa:

O fim de um ciclo (parte II)

No passado dia 24 de Abril publiquei "O fim de um ciclo".

Ontem de madrugada li "Trabalhadores em vigília à porta de empresa de Lousada" e escrevi no Twitter:

Recordo "A mecânica newtoniana não serve para a economia (parte II)". No texto do JN pode ler-se que a empresa é alemã e não tem dívidas aos trabalhadores. 

Lembram-se dos rinocerontes cinzentos?

terça-feira, maio 07, 2019

A mensagem visual

Li o título, "Seeing Beauty In “Ugly” Vegetables, Cofounders Find Business Model For Reducing Food Waste". Li o lead, "What should you do with your "ugly" vegetables? @Imperfectfruit is dedicated to reducing food waste." Depois vi a foto:
Acham que gente realmente dedicada à redução dos desperdícios de comida atira assim fruta para o chão e usa-a como um adereço barato?

É o segundo caso em menos de 24 horas em que deparo com situações em que a mensagem visual não tem nada a ver com o que a empresa é e faz, e com o que os clientes valorizam na empresa.

Num mundo em que o span de atenção é cada vez mais curto a mensagem visual é cada vez mais importante.


Arte e eficiência não conjugam bem

Art is anything that’s better than it needs to be.”
Arte e eficiência não conjugam bem

Recordar a minha luta contra o eficientismo e a minha defesa da arte como o futuro para as PME.

Trecho retirado de "The crucial difference between content marketing tactics and content marketing strategy"

segunda-feira, maio 06, 2019

Segmentar, segmentar, segmentar

"Fashion retail is undergoing dramatic change – digital channels, fast fashion, and a surge of discount campaigns are all causing retailers discomfort.
...
In order to succeed in this difficult market environment, brand manufacturers must deploy their resources in the most targeted way possible. The most important step is to invest in productive trade relationships. Only by securing the right partners in brick-and-mortar and online retail and by strengthening customer relationships with them will manufacturers be able to grow in tandem with successful retailers.
...
So who are the right retail partners? Not every customer is the same. For example, the hip concept stores found in big cities differ significantly, in terms of sales structures and potential, from the traditional fashion boutiques of smaller towns. Hence, it doesn't pay off to invest the same amount in every customer relationship. In order to identify which partners are most strategically important, customer segmentation needs to be conducted. The only way for manufacturers to set the correct priorities is to understand their customers in detail, including all their strengths and weaknesses.
...
In addition to raw figures, fashion manufacturers need to monitor qualitative aspects, such as influencer potential, location, competitive positioning, and collaboration, to determine the strategic importance of their retail customers. These rating criteria need to be used to assess both online and offline retailers. For brick-and-mortar stores, a good location in a shopping area is essential, while the equivalent in online retail is a top Google ranking or a large number of unique visits. The interplay between all these criteria determines the overall customer value. When evaluating retailers, it is important not to assess chain stores as single entities – the situation of individual locations has to be considered!"


Trechos retirados de "Segmentation in Fashion Wholesale: Using Resources Effectively"

Para reflexão

A sua empresa está com problemas?

Talvez valha a pena ler este texto, "When your project isn’t making money". Um texto de Seth Godin, mais longo do que o habitual. Por exemplo:
"(Low price is the last refuge of leadership that doesn’t have the guts to make a great product and tell a true story to the right people)
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Because you’re selling to the wrong people…Choose your customers, choose your future.
(Some customers want to pay more than others, and some customers want to get more—of something—than others)"

domingo, maio 05, 2019

Muito mais do que 27 segundos e muito menos do que 545 reais


Muito mais do que 27 segundos... é toda uma vida a criar uma marca, cuidar dela e fazê-la crescer.
Pensar que as contas se fazem só com o passado, 5 reais, e pensar que (550-5 = 545) reais é tudo lucro, é esquecer os custos do futuro.
E volto a Schumpeter e ao princípio dos meus anos 90... li isto na recepção de uma empresa, antes de uma entrevista de emprego que, graças a Deus, não deu em nada:
"As soon, however, as one shifts from the axiom of an unchanging, self-contained, closed economy to Schumpeter's dynamic, growing, moving, changing economy, what is called profit is on longer immoral. It becomes a moral imperative. Indeed, the question then is no longer the question that agitated the classicists and still agitated Keynes: How can the economy be structured to minimize the bribe of the functionless surplus called profit that has to be handed over to the capitalist to keep the economy going?.The question in Schumpeter's economics is always, Is there sufficient profit? Is there adequate capital formation to provide for the costs of the future, the costs of staying in business, the costs of "creative destruction"?This alone makes Schumpeter's economic model the only one that can serve as the starting point for the economic policies we need. Clearly the Keynesian - or classicist - treatment of innovation as being "outside," and in fact peripheral to, the economy and with minimum impact on it, can no longer be maintained (if it ever could have been). The basic question of economic theory and economic policy, especially in highly developed countries, is clearly: How can capital formation and productivity be maintained so that rapid technological change as well as employment can be sustained? What is the minimum profit needed to defray the costs of the future? What is the minimum profit needed, above all, to maintain jobs and to create new ones?"...BTW, "And it is a total fallacy that, as Keynes implies, optimising the short term creates the right long-term future."
Trecho registado aqui no blogue em 2010 em "Lucro: O custo do futuro"




Cuidado com a miudagem!

"Salespeople and some of their leaders believe they can pitch everyone and win new business, and there is a growing cottage industry on LinkedIn of salespeople who are taught and trained to write a four-paragraph pitch with a link to their calendar to strangers, without targeting, and without any indication that the person might be right for their service or solution...
It’s easy to increase your activity by pitching more people faster, and you can deceive yourself into believing that you are efficient. Efficiency is measured by the energy expended to produce a specific result, not the elimination of effort and energy without a result. To believe that you are efficient when you try to make selling easy, you have to refuse to look at the wasted energy and effort.
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Most of the effort expended in trying to make selling easier would be better spent in increasing your effectiveness."
Estão a ver o problema de não saber que são os clientes-alvo, de tratar os clientes como miudagem?

Trechos retirados de "The Problem with Wanting Sales to Be Easy"

sábado, maio 04, 2019

Amadores a jogar bilhar

Em "É só fazer as contas" recordei isto:
"Ontem, tive acesso a números de uma empresa que me fizeram recuar ao meu tempo de "catequista" no SNS a tentar converter índios que não queriam ser convertidos (em que traduzia o número anual de infecções em cesarianas não programadas em dias extra de internamento e, depois, esses dias extra em custo extra)."
E porque é que aconteciam as infecções em cesarianas não programadas? Bastou ver um gráfico com o nº de infecções ao longo do ano:
À medida que nos aproximávamos de Agosto o número de infecções subia e depois baixava até Janeiro e depois voltava a subir.

O que estava por trás deste perfil? O ar condicionado do bloco operatório estava avariado e não havia dinheiro para o reparar. Como não se gastava 10 a reparar o aparelho, gastavam-se 100 a 1000 todos os anos a pagar dias de internamento não necessários se não tivesse ocorrido infecção.

Por que recordo isto agora? Por que vi isto:

Não têm dinheiro para arranjar a máquina, mas põem alguém que ganha 800 ou mil euros por mês a validar andantes... go figure.






Unintended consequences (parte II)

"Há a ilusão do poder: o exercício do poder conduz a situações em que as consequências das decisões geram resultados muito diferentes dos esperados. A pluralidade das intenções e dos objectivos condena ao fracasso os que acreditam que o exercício do poder é a imposição da sua vontade unilateral e descobrem, demasiado tarde, que o exercício do poder é a coordenação e mobilização das vontades dos outros para a concretização dos objectivos possíveis, nessas circunstâncias e com esses recursos. Há as ilusões do fim: antecedem o colapso de um regime político que pretende estender a sua continuidade para além do seu campo de possibilidades, desencadeando uma ruptura que destrói o que acumulou no passado e reduz o horizonte de construção do futuro. E há o fim das ilusões: é o que se vê no nosso presente."
Como não relacionar isto com a parte I.

Trecho retirado de "Ilusões há muitas"

sexta-feira, maio 03, 2019

Todos vão perder


O século XX foi o século de Metropolis, o século de Magnitograd, o século de Levittown, o século das linhas de montagem, o século da escala e do volume, o século do Normalistão. O século do crescimento canceroso.

Razão tinha Popper em defender a ideia de que temos de estar sempre alerta, só porque hoje se vive melhor do que ontem, não quer dizer que amanhã se viverá melhor do que hoje.

Em Dezembro de 2014 escrevi "Ter razão antes do mainstream é tramado". Nesse texto sublinhava a ironia da ministra da Agricultura de então, actual dirigente do CDS, chegar ao mesmo modelo para a agricultura portuguesa que o saudoso ministro socialista Jaime Silva preconizava. Ou se calhar, não chegou, apenas leu o que alguém lhe "botou" no discurso. Na altura ela disse: "Cristas quer colar a Portugal o rótulo de país da "joalharia da agricultura". Algo que jogava bem com a marca Portugal, recordo este outro texto de Junho de 2014, "A marca Portugal".

Mas uma coisa são os agricultores que espalham bosta nos campos e que daqui a 10 ou 20 anos vão continuar por lá, eles ou os seus filhos. Outra são os que mandam semear ou plantar hoje aqui e quando não der, deitam abaixo o pau do circo e mudam-se para outro lado.

E o que está a acontecer no Alentejo é a cópia de tudo o que nos afasta da joalharia agrícola, é a cópia do Mar del Plástico.

Meter um país pequeno, com terras pobres, a mergulhar na produção intensiva ... só vai dar asneira... "A outra face do sucesso do Alqueva é um Alentejo envenenado por químicos"

Mongo, aka Estranhistão, será o mundo da variedade, o mundo da diversidade, o mundo em que não queremos ser tratados como plancton. Outros, sabem fugir do crescimento canceroso e da tragédia dos comuns apostando na joalharia:
BTW, os fabricantes low-cost de cortinas em PVC para a casa de banho deram cabo do produto. Hoje, já ninguém usa esse material, mesmo que seja produzido por fabricantes com cuidado. No redemoinho turbulento da tragédia dos comuns ninguém se safa... o Rei Lear: Uma estória amoral, todos perdem os bons e os maus.

Todos acabam por perder, mesmo o que não seguem a via cancerosa, porque a marca Portugal vai ficar queimada.

Unintended consequences


Unintended consequences, tão comuns com jogadores amadores a praticarem bilhar. A via negativa é mais inteligente do que se possa pensar à primeira vista.

Ler "San Francisco Had an Ambitious Plan to Tackle School Segregation. It Made It Worse."

quinta-feira, maio 02, 2019

"Without focus"

"Without focus a company cannot achieve an execution culture....unfocused companies pursue too many objectives and have too many initiatives. ...the greater the number of strategic objectives and priorities, the more unfocused are the are the employees. Alternatively, the more focused is top management, the clearer employees and departments are about what they need to do on a daily basis. When priorities cascade down the organization, the result is often a distorted focus - a frequently a significant distortion. ...Another significant consequence is that lack of focus leads to lack of discipline in executing organizational objectives. Focus imposes discipline because staff at any level know what to do at any point....One of the most dramatic consequences of being an unfocused company is the impact on staff. Lack of clear direction and priorities causes staff to be unhappy in what they do because they do not understand how their work contributes to the company's goals...Managements needs to decide every year  how to distribute the company's limited resources, specifically its staff and financial assets. Decisions regarding how much and where to allocate resources are not easy. Management at an unfocused company often fails to regards these decisions as part of their key responsibilities because they lack clarity about the run-the-business/change-the-business dimensions. Consequently, the distribution of work within the business becomes totally unbalanced and grow out of control."
Trechos retirados de "The Focused Organization: How Concentrating on a Few Key Initiatives Can Dramatically Improve Strategy Execution".

quarta-feira, maio 01, 2019

Alinhamento

Uma conversa esta semana, durante uma reunião mensal de gestão, fez-me recuar no tempo até a Veronica Martinez e este postal "Escolher, escolher, escolher" que referi aqui no blogue em 2007, mas também em 2008 e 2009.

O artigo é "Aligning value propositions in supply chains":
"Despite the plethora of studies on value that have been undertaken to date, our exploratory analysis found that organisations are still failing to identify their value propositions, particularly in aligning their resources and capabilities with their value creation processes in their supply chains.
...
The value propositions directly impact business’ strategies; e.g. they impact the market where businesses are competing, the acquisition and development of core competencies and capabilities, selection of members of the supply chain and the financial priorities. The value propositions also impact operations, e.g. market research, new product development, supplier relationships, production processes, customers’ relationship and delivery systems. In other words the value propositions shape any subsequent plan and decision that companies make.
...
we can conclude that:
1. Strategic/key members of the supply chain are those who hold the core competencies of the chain.
2. The value propositions of strategic members of the supply chain should be aligned to enhance the value proposition of the entire supply chain.
3. Other members which are not strategic members of the supply chain can have different value propositions, but should support the value proposition of the overall supply chain.
4. The value proposition of strategic members of the supply chain dictate the value proposition of the overall supply chain.
5. The value proposition of the overall supply chain is the same as that of the company that is facing the end customer.
6. The alignment of individual value propositions with the overall supply chain ensures the alignment of strategic competencies.
7. The collaboration with strategic members is focused on the improvement of the supply chain competencies."

"You should be asking who"

“What’s the single most important question you should ask before you start your business?
...
There’s no shortage of good business ideas or people with the drive to go after them. So why all the failure? How can it all go wrong when you seemingly do everything right? You may create a brand, produce your website, write your emails, make your product, utilize every resource you have, and spend valuable time and money (that you may or may not have), yet still not find success in your venture.
Some people blame the economy or business loan interest rates or bad decisions about vendors. Some people blame themselves, thinking, If only I had worked harder or been more creative or were just more cut out for business. I’m here to tell you that none of the above is what will cause your business to fail out of the gate. While there might be some contributing factors on that list, none of them will single-handedly determine your fate.
But there is one thing that will, and it’s this: choosing the wrong market.
If you choose the wrong market, your business is destined to fail before you even begin.
Guaranteed.
...
Instead of asking what—what should you sell or what should you build?—you should be asking who. As in, who should you serve?
The what is a logical question that will come soon enough, but starting off with who is the foundation from which all other things are built.”
Quem são os clientes-alvo? Uma preocupação de raiz e na raiz deste blogue.

Algures aqui no blogue escrevi alguns postais sobre as empresas que, por causa da autenticidade, não podem alterar o produto que fabricam. Por isso, a alternativa é procurar mercados que valorizem o produto, porque mudar o produto seria mudar de ADN e isso só daria asneira.

Na verdade, nuns casos é o produto que não pode mudar, mas em todos os casos, para as PME, é o ADN das empresas que não pode mudar. Quem podemos servir com base no nosso ADN?



Trechos retirados de “Choose” de Ryan Levesque.

terça-feira, abril 30, 2019

Maio


Computador protegido por 12 meses.

Têm de fechar ponto

Dois títulos que revelam a iliterata económica que grassa no país:


Se os concursos de obras ficam desertos, aumentem os preços que estão dispostos a pagar.
Se faltam trabalhadores para a AHRESP, aumentem os salários, seduzam as pessoas.

Se as empresas não conseguem pagar melhores salários, havendo alternativas de emprego... têm de fechar ponto.

Recordar:

"you do not fight complexity with complexity"

"“Modern finance is complex, perhaps too complex. Regulation of modern finance is complex, almost certainly too complex. That configuration spells trouble. As you do not fight fire with fire, you do not fight complexity with complexity. Because complexity generates uncertainty, not risk, it requires a regulatory response grounded in simplicity, not complexity
...
Heuristic strategies are simple rules of thumb that solve complex uncertain situations precisely because of their simplicity, not despite it. More calculation, time, and information are not always better. Less can be more.
...
A good heuristic can be better than a complex strategy when used in the proper environment. Less can be more. The recognition heuristic is ecologically rational when a correlation exists between recognizing an option and the criteria for judgment.
...
One main point in the business world is that entrepreneurs can generate profit in the markets, à la Knight, precisely because they intelligently deal with immeasurable, irreducible uncertainty.
...
In most business situations knowledge is much less than perfect and uncertainty prevails over risk. Heuristic strategies that are successfully used in business decision-making exploit the structure of information in the environment, rely on simplicity to overcome the complexity of situation, and are indispensable when faced with irreducible uncertainty. One central observation is that less can be more. That is, less information, calculation or time, can be beneficial under particular circumstances to achieving a given task."
Trechos retirados de "Risk, uncertainty, and heuristics" de Shabnam Mousavi e Gerd Gigerenzer, publicado por Journal of Business Research 67 (2014) 1671–1678

segunda-feira, abril 29, 2019

Locus de controlo interno e optimismo

Lembram-se do locus de controlo interno? Por exemplo, "Que diferença" (Setembro de 2009) e "We' re in control" (Novembro de 2007).

Acredito que pessoas com o locus de controlo interno têm maior sensação de controlo da sua vida, e não esperam que um qualquer salvador externo lhes veja resolver os seus problemas.

Acredito que assumir um locus de controlo interno é meio caminho andado para ter uma atitude optimista na vida. Por que é que o optimismo é importante? Por isto, "The Financial Upside of Being an Optimist":
"After controlling for wealth, income, skills, and other demographics to level the playing field, the data clearly showed that optimists were significantly more likely to experience better financial health than pessimists, and engage in healthier habits with their money. For instance, we found that 90% of optimists have put money aside for a major purchase, compared to 70% of pessimists. Nearly two thirds of optimists have started an emergency fund, while less than half of pessimists have. Additionally, optimists are more likely to seek out and follow advice from someone they trust. In my opinion, the most compelling finding was how optimists felt, reporting that they stressed about finances 145 fewer days each year as compared to pessimists.
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Optimism is a lucrative investment beyond one’s finances. Optimists do better over the course of their careers as well. They make more money and are more likely to be promoted."