"if pilots anticipate being blamed unfairly, they will not make the reports on their own mistakes and near misses, thus suppressing the precious information that has driven aviation's remarkable safety record. This is why blame should never be apportioned for reasons of corporate or political expediency, but only ever after a proper investigation by experts with a ground-level understanding of the complexity in which professionals operate.The jury did their best to make up their minds on the facts, but it is not easy while sitting in a staid courtroom to make a judgment about split-second decisions made in the cockpit of a 200-ton jumbo jet flying through thick fog at nearly 200 mph.But if the Oscar November incident shows anything, it is just how easy it is to engage in the blame game. A tragedy very nearly happened, therefore someone had to be punished. Aviation is generally an industry with an empowering attitude toward error, and is rightly considered a leader when it comes to having a just culture. It rarely engages in blame and uses mistakes to drive learning....But what the Oscar November incident reveals is that even a pioneering industry like aviation is not completely immune from the blame tendency. And perhaps it exposes, more than anything, just how far we need to travel to eradicate the blame instinct once and for all."
segunda-feira, março 20, 2023
Evitar o blame game
domingo, março 19, 2023
Uma estória sobre um banco
Ontem, durante as compras da manhã emergiu na minha mente, já não me recordo porquê, a palavra temperança.
Sempre que penso nessa palavra recordo uma estória que li em 2013:
"Sonny, we’ve been in business for 85 years. What makes you think we won’t be in business another 85?"
Usar a maximização, quando se trata de negócios, é demasiado perigoso, demasiado arriscado.
A estória de 2013 é sobre um banco...
sábado, março 18, 2023
Zombies, produtividade e subsídios
Em "How not to grow the economy" li uma espécie de resumo do que tenho escrito por aqui ao longo dos anos:
"But there is a deeper problem with Labour's and the Tories' approach to the productivity slump. While both parties have bought into the new economic consensus - that is, the belief that low business investment is at the root of lacklustre growth - they also share the belief that businesses need more state financial support. In today's circumstances, though, this would act to entrench the low-growth quagmire.
...
But there is a big problem here: state financial aid to business is self-defeating. [Moi ici: A lição de Spender] It hinders the innovation it is meant to promote. State handouts encourage corporate dependency and reduce the pressure on businesses to become more productive and commercially competitive. They often blunt the incentive for producers to experiment with and develop even better technologies. Businesses often end up concentrating on meeting various government criteria and conditions, rather than focussing on what might be best commercially. [Moi ici: Recordo A economia das carpetes e biombos e O nefasto poder aditivo dos subsídios]
...
Not all state-investment measures come with such onerous conditions. But state subsidies are never a free lunch. They are usually prescriptive and they often intrude on normal commercial practices. Whatever their intentions, state incentives often distort business-investment activities.
The contemporary problem for growth has not been too little but too much state support. Sustaining the business status quo with an abundance of subsidies doesn't just distort corporate focus and decision-making. It also helps sustain a zombie economy, by keeping inefficient and even unprofitable businesses afloat. [Moi ici: Recordar Para que servem os apoios e subsídios? e A morte lenta]
...
Zombie firms are those that, without extra support, such as cheap and easy debt facilities or state financial relief, would normally close down due to poor performance. Since the 1980s, this zombification trend has congested the wider economy. It blocks the creative-destructive process by which economies have moved ahead in the past, with lower-productivity, less-efficient businesses giving way to expanding, higher-productivity businesses.
Today, business investment is being held back by a surfeit of the old. Peter Drucker, one of the most influential 20th-century business thinkers, argued that the first step in innovation is to get rid of yesterday. 'If leaders are unable to slough off yesterday', he said, 'they simply will not be able to create tomorrow. [Moi ici: Recordar deixem as empresas evoluir ou morrer, ponto!!!] Drucker argued that dying products, services or processes - even if still profitable today shackle people and resources. This applies not just for individual businesses, but also for the economy in general. An excess of low-productivity firms gums up the whole economy, disincentivising even the healthiest businesses from investing in new advancements.
...
Instead of letting the old go, a profusion of state policies now sustains what already exists. These policies - monetary, fiscal and regulatory - tend to favour larger, incumbent companies at the expense of smaller, younger firms. And it is those smaller, younger firms that would usually be the ones innovating and driving productivity higher. [Moi ici: Recordar Maliranta em Deixar a produtividade aumentar]
...
But perhaps the biggest obstacle is the state's mummification of an already moribund economy. Fortunately, this is probably the easiest one for a government to overcome. It can turn off the corporate-welfare mechanisms that preserve and stultify. And it can start doing so right now."
sexta-feira, março 17, 2023
Some Countries Do 'Ave 'Em
Na quarta-feira ao final do dia li "A economia, as políticas e os negócios" de onde sublinhei:
"Quem quer investir num país assim?
Bom dia, o Governo tem um discurso cada vez mais agressivo contra as empresas, especialmente as maiores e que têm lucros. É trágico.
...
À medida que as condições económicas e sociais apertam, ou quando o Governo está sob pressão mediática por um qualquer caso, ao fim de sete anos de governação, já se pode identificar um padrão. Em Portugal, é preferível ter uma empresa pequena, e com prejuízos [Moi ici: Subsidize it]. As grandes empresas, com lucros, estão permanentemente em risco, mesmo quando esses lucros são 'vistosos' em termos absolutos mas limitados quando avaliados em função do capital investido (verdadeiramente, o critério que é relevante).
...
António Costa até pode beneficiar no curto prazo deste discurso contra as empresas, contra os bancos, contra as companhias de energia, de telecomunicações ou da distribuição. Num momento em que os portugueses perdem rendimento disponível, e quando o desemprego começa a dar sinais de agravamento, são um alvo fácil. É a tal habilidade política que todos lhe reconhecem. Mas é ao mesmo tempo a nossa perdição. Quem quer investir num país assim?"
Agora comparemos com Inglaterra em "How not to grow the economy":
"Despite the many legitimate criticisms of the short-lived Liz Truss administration, it did leave one exceptional legacy. It put the question of economic growth, and the importance of raising productivity, back on the mainstream political agenda.
...
It took an extraordinary triple whammy - the pandemic lockdowns, the postlockdown disruptions to global supply chains, and the war in Ukraine - to finally force the British political class, in the shape of the Truss administration, to acknowledge the dire state of the economy. It put the need for growth back on the agenda."
Este último artigo merece um comentário mais longo.
quinta-feira, março 16, 2023
Um organismo unido, focado e determinado
Na segunda-feira de manhã cedo ouvi o zunzum sobre o que se passou com o navio de patrulha Mondego.
Ontem de manhã, durante a minha caminhada matinal continuei a leitura de "How Big Things Get Done" de Bent Flyvbjerg. Comecei e acabei a leitura do capítulo 8 - “A SINGLE, DETERMINED ORGANISM”.
O capítulo fala sobre a importância de ter uma equipa coesa na implementação de um projecto e sobre como criar essa coesão. O livro usa o exemplo da construção do Terminal 5 (T5) de Heathrow sob a responsabilidade da British Airports Authority (BAA).
Os subtítulos apresentados no caso são:
- A DEADLINE SET IN STONE
- HOW TO BUILD A TEAM
- MAKING HISTORY
- 4:00 A. M.
"Identity was the first step. Purpose was the second. It had to matter that you worked for T5. To that end, the worksite was plastered with posters and other promotions comparing T5 with great projects of the past: the partially completed Eiffel Tower in Paris; Grand Central Terminal under construction in New York; the massive Thames Barrier flood controls in London. Each appeared on posters with the caption "We're making history, too."...I grew up in construction and know from firsthand experience that construction workers are sharp as knives at understanding what's happening on their worksites. Moreover, they have a well-founded skepticism of management. They know corporate propaganda when they see it, and they distrust it. "Most guys turn up with cynicism on any site we go to," Richard Harper said. They are usually right to be cynical "because it's all bollocks what the people [management] are saying." Promises aren't kept. Work conditions are poor. Workers aren't listened to. When reality doesn't match the words, corporate PR about teamwork and making history is worse than useless on the shop floor.The workers brought their usual cynicism to T5, Harper said. "But with that site, within, if not fortyeight hours, a week maximum, everybody had bought into the philosophy of T5. Because they could see T5 was implementing what they said they would do." It started with the on-site facilities. "It was just something mind-boggling," Harper told me, sounding amazed even now. "The guys had never seen this. The toilets, the showers, the canteens were the best I've ever seen on any site I've worked on in the world They were fantastic."...Harper said. "If guys had wet gloves, they only had to take them back to the store and they got a fresh pair of gloves. If they had a scratch on the glasses and couldn't see properly, they'd take the glasses back, and they were changed. Guys weren't used to this. This was totally new to them. On other jobs, they told you, 'If you're not happy with the glasses or whatever, buy your own.' " These may sound like small things to outsiders, but as Harper pointed out, for workers they are "massive, just massive. You set a man to work in the morning and you've put the things there that he wants, then you get a good day's work. You start them off in a bad way, and you know the next eight to ten hours, it's going to be very difficult." Multiply that by thousands of workers and thousands of days, and you do indeed get something massive.T5's managers not only listened to workers, they consulted them, asking some to sit down with designers to explore how designs and workflows could be improved."
Cheguei ao fim do capítulo, desliguei o tablet e voltei ao Mondego ...
"Os militares denunciam "a entrada de água em dois momentos diferentes, falta de manutenção do único dos dois motores que equipam a embarcação, um dos três geradores de energia inoperacionais e diversas fugas de óleo", entre outros problemas."
E pensei, que excelente forma de criar um “A SINGLE, DETERMINED ORGANISM”.
BTW, nunca esqueço:
quarta-feira, março 15, 2023
Foi você que falou em certificação dos clientes?
Nestes tempos em que se fala tanto de qualidade, de satisfação dos clientes, de certificação, de clientes mistério, de ...
"Americans are encountering more problems with companies' products and services than ever before, and a higher proportion of them are actively seeking "revenge" for their troubles, a new study has found.
Some 74% of the 1,000 consumers surveyed said they had experienced a product or service problem in the past year. That is up from 66% in 2020, when the study last was conducted, and 56% in 2017. Only 32% told researchers they had experienced a problem in 1976, when a similar version of the study was first conducted.
The percentage of consumers who have taken action to settle a score against a company through measures such as pestering or public shaming in person or online, has tripled to 9% from 3% in 2020, according to the study. That reversed a downward trend with regards to revenge-seeking behavior: The average percentage of customers seeking revenge between 2003 and 2017 was 17%."(1)
"Effective support for years has been looked upon as a consumer right, however, and some customer experience executives say stratifying it into tiers runs the risk of eroding trust among those who can't or don't want to pay." (2)
(1) - As Customer Problems Hit a Record High, More People Seek 'Revenge
(2) - Want Better Customer Service? Join the (Membership) Club
terça-feira, março 14, 2023
Espirais
"Perhaps most important, management started celebrating progress against inchstones and milestones. The spiral of negativity was replaced by an updraft of accomplishment that everyone could feel. The whole turnaround process took ninety very intense days and nights."
Ter um plano detalhado, querer cumpri-lo a sério.
Trecho retirado de "How Big Things Get Done" de Bent Flyvbjerg.
segunda-feira, março 13, 2023
Falta de trabalhadores, baixos salários, mas as empresas não podem fechar
Uma pergunta, uma dúvida que me assalta várias vezes: qual o papel do líder de uma associação empresarial?
Deve o líder de uma associação pensar no futuro do sector, ou no futuro dos membros do sector? Não é a mesma coisa. O futuro não se constrói sem destruição criativa. Daí a opção pela defesa do passado em detrimento do abraço ao futuro.
Já por várias vezes li, ou ouvi, a secretária-geral da AHRESP a queixar-se da falta de trabalhadores para o sector. Ainda em Dezembro passado li:
"Antes da pandemia falávamos numa necessidade de 40 mil, mas com a pandemia esse número agravou-se. O próprio Governo falou na necessidade de cerca de 50 mil postos de trabalho e não foi resolvido. Não foi feito nada para resolver este problema."
Entretanto, no Expresso do passado Sábado li "Por dia, 14 restaurantes estão a fechar portas":
""São números que nos preocupam e que nos levam a reforçar a necessidade de serem criados mecanismos de apoio às empresas que não passem só pelas linhas de crédito. Insistimos na aplicação temporária da taxa reduzida de IVA nos serviços de alimentação e bebidas", defende Ana Jacinto, secretária-geral da AHRESP."
Às segundas, terças e quartas protestamos contra os baixos salários e horrorizamos-nos com a baixa produtividade portuguesa. Às quintas, sextas e Sábados pedimos apoios ao governo de turno para salvar as empresas que praticam baixos salários e empurram a produtividade do país para baixo.
Entretanto, no ECO leio, "Há cada vez mais restaurantes a pedirem gorjeta aos clientes. "E um 'forcing' para que continue esse incentivo"":
"A medida começou a ser implementada em agosto do ano passado, tendo como objetivo "melhoria das condições" dos colaboradores, já que as gorjetas "sempre tiveram um grande peso na composição do rendimento total dos colaboradores", e de modo a permitir uma distribuição 'mais justa e transparente" das mesmas, justifica o responsável.
...
os comerciantes fazem isto no sentido de dar um forcing para que continue esse incentivo de gorjetas. No fundo, para colmatar os baixos salários que pagam na restauração"
Recordo o meu velho grito: Deixem as empresas morrer!
domingo, março 12, 2023
Estratégia e noção
"Nos últimos cinco anos houve um "pequeno movimento de concentração" na indústria dos moldes, aproveitando uma altura em que várias empresas estão em transição geracional, mas Nuno Silva sublinha que essa consolidação tem ainda de ser acelerada para o setor conseguir equilibrar os argumentos negociais com os grandes clientes, sobretudo no ramo automóvel que assegura 80% das encomendas."
Trabalhar um produto de baixo valor acrescentado, feito por encomenda num mercado com muita oferta e querer ter poder negocial? Come on!
O que aprendi sobre moldes em 2017 - Temos ainda muito trabalho por fazer.
O que recomendo às empresas há muito tempo:
- Cuidado com a pedofilia (Junho de 2011)
- Fornecer a Autoeuropa não é necessariamente uma boa decisão para uma PME portuguesa-tipo (Outubro de 2012)
- Mais um exemplo de subida na escala do preço (Fevereiro de 2014)
- Cuidado com a pedofilia empresarial (Outubro de 2014)
- Um exemplo - Dezembro de 2015 - A prova do tempo... tudo por causa de um Pingo Doce
"The funds flowed selectively into the least viable part of the industry, preventing change, and subsidized competition".
Arrisco dizer que muitos apoios não são para criar o futuro, mas para baixar custos de produção... recordar Uma espécie de esquema Ponzi
sábado, março 11, 2023
black swan management"
Bent Flyvbjerg no livro "How Big Things Get Done" refere que por vezes os projectos saem furados não por causa da execução, mas por causa das previsões irrealistas com que foram baseados:
“When delivery fails, efforts to figure out why tend to focus exclusively on delivery. That’s understandable, but it’s a mistake, because the root cause of why delivery fails often lies outside delivery, in forecasting, years before delivery was even begun.”
Uma das formas de evitar estas previsões irrealistas passa por usar informação de projectos anteriores (o título do capítulo é "SO YOU THINK YOUR PROJECT IS UNIQUE?" e o subtítulo é "Think again. Understanding that your project is "one of those" is key to getting your forecasts right and managing your risks.""
Muitos projectos seguem uma distribuição normal.
"But even with a project as simple as a kitchen renovation, the number of possible surprises, each unlikely, is long. Many small probabilities added together equal a large probability that at least some of those nasty surprises will actually come to pass. Your forecast did not account for that."
No entanto, os projectos grandes podem seguir um outro tipo de distribuição:
"There is, however, a big, fat-tailed caveat on all this. Imagine you have a graph with the costs of one thousand kitchen renovations that takes the shape of a classic bell curve—with most projects clustered around the mean in the middle, very few projects on the far right or far left, and even the most extreme data points not far removed from the mean.
...
But as noted in chapter 1, my analysis revealed that only a minority of the many project types in my database are “normally” distributed. The rest—from the Olympic Games to IT projects to nuclear power plants and big dams—have more extreme outcomes in the tails of their distributions. With these fat-tailed distributions, the mean is not representative of the distribution and therefore is not a good estimator for forecasts. For the most fat-tailed distributions, there isn’t even a stable mean that you can expect outcomes to cluster around because an even more extreme outcome can (and will) come along and push the mean further out, into the tail toward infinity. So instead of good old regression to the mean, you get what I call “regression to the tail.” In that situation, relying on the mean and assuming that your result will be close to it is a dangerous mistake.
...
If you face a fat-tailed distribution, shift your mindset from forecasting a single outcome (“The project will cost X”) to forecasting risk (“The project is X percent likely to cost more than Y”), using the full range of the distribution.
...
Contingencies might have to be 300, 400, or 500 percent over the average cost—or 700 percent, as we saw for the Montreal Olympics. That’s prohibitive. Providing such contingencies would not be budgeting; it would be blowing up the budget. So what can you do about the tail? Cut it off. You can do that with risk mitigation. I call it "black swan management".
...
Some tails are simple to cut. Tsunamis are fat-tailed, but if you build well inland or erect a high enough seawall, you eliminate the threat. Earthquakes are also fat-tailed, but build to an earthquake-proof standard, as we did with the schools in Nepal, and you are covered. Other tails require a combination of measures; for a pandemic, for instance, a blend of masks, tests, vaccines, quarantines, and lockdowns to prevent infections from running wild. That’s black swan management.
...
The critical next step is to stop thinking of black swans the way most people do. They are not bolt-from-the-blue freak accidents that are impossible to understand or prevent. They can be studied. And mitigated."
Um exemplo da mitigação apresentado é: construção de uma linha ferroviária em Inglaterra. Qual o motivo mais comum para paragem de uma obra? Achados arqueológicos! Mitigação: Contratar arqueólogos para estarem de prevenção para intervirem e reduzirem tempo de paragem.
sexta-feira, março 10, 2023
"É só fazer as contas!"
Do JdN do passado dia 8 de Março, no artigo "Produtividade subiu 4,6%. Ganhos são estruturais?", retiro e sublinho o seguinte número:
"Segundo dados do INE ao Negócios, que recuam a 1995, no ano passado cada trabalhador português produziu 41,6 mil euros. Ou seja, a produtividade aparente do trabalho, o indicador mais utilizado e que, basicamente, divide a riqueza nacional (o PIB real) por número de trabalhadores"
No mesmo artigo ainda se lembra:
"Ainda assim, a produtividade portuguesa mantém-se abaixo da média (104,1 contra 107,9, no indice calculado pelo Eurostat)."
Depois, o mesmo JdN, mas de 9 de Março, dedica uma página a uma empresa tecnológica portuguesa, como se fosse a última Coca-Cola no meio do deserto, que facturou 5 milhões de euros em 2022 com 140 trabalhadores. Como diria uma certa personagem, "É só fazer as contas!" facturou quase 36 mil euros por trabalhador. Estranho!!!
Fui confirmar, acabo de ler as contas de uma empresa de calçado com que trabalho que factura cerca de 57 mil euros por trabalhador ... (tem mais de 100 trabalhadores)
quinta-feira, março 09, 2023
"Moi ici: E o cidadão lê e rejubila com o pulo"
Aqui no blogue não nos queremos enganar a nós próprios. Por isso, nunca usamos 2020 como referencial para comparação económica. E mesmo 2021 é enganador porque o primeiro trimestre foi afectado pelos lockdowns. Por exemplo, quando tratamos aqui os dados das exportações usamos 2019 como referencial. Por exemplo aqui:
Assim, soa a estranho e a manhosidade perceber a capa do JdN de ontem:Depois, no texto do artigo:"Depois de dois anos de pandemia de covid-19, a produtividade aparente do trabalho aumentou 4,6% em 2022 e atingiu o valor mais alto da série do INE....Ou seja, a produtividade aparente do trabalho, o indicador mais utilizado e que, basicamente, divide a riqueza nacional (o PIB real) por número de trabalhadores, aumentou 4,6% face ao ano anterior. De acordo com a série do gabinete de estatística, não só este foi o crescimento mais elevado em 27 anos, como é o valor de produtividade mais alto da série. [Moi ici: E o cidadão lê e rejubila com o pulo]...[Moi ici: E depois, a surpresa ...] Por isso, João Cerejeira, professor de Economia da Universidade do Minho, prefere comparar o crescimento da produtividade em 2022 com 2019. Nesse caso, houve um aumento de 1,1%. "Ou seja, em três anos houve un crescimento entre 0,3 e 0,4% por ano. Não é assim tão expressivo", frisa. Aliás, a subida da produtividade face ao pré-pandemia fica em linha com a média histórica (1%). [Moi ici: Extraordinário... na capa do jornal ainda se interrogam se será estrutural... querem fazer de nós parvos?! ]"
quarta-feira, março 08, 2023
"awarding contracts to domestic companies is a good way to make influential friends and win public support"
- "Portugal tem todas as capacidades para fabricar comboios"
- "Seis candidatos a fornecer comboios à CP. E há grupos portugueses interessados"
"O ministro das Infraestruturas, Pedro Nuno Santos, defendeu que o concurso deve ter “repercussão na indústria e no povo português”.“Queremos produção e fabrico em Portugal. Quem quiser cumprir as regras do caderno de encargos, será bem-vindo. E quem quiser produzir aqui, terá condições para criar não só para Portugal como para outras zonas do mundo”, disse o ministro em dezembro na cerimónia de lançamento do concurso.Pedro Nuno Santos disse ainda que “este concurso é um impulsionador para que Portugal venha a fazer parte do clube dos fabricantes de comboios na Europa."
Lembrei-me destas cenas e de muitas outras em que se apela aos "campeões nacionais":
"MARGINALIZING EXPERIENCE...Politicians everywhere know that awarding contracts to domestic companies is a good way to make influential friends and win public support with promises of jobs, even if the domestic company will not perform as well as its foreign competitor because it is less experienced. When this happens -and it happens routinely -those responsible put other interests ahead of achieving the project's goal. At a minimum, such an approach is economically dubious, and sometimes it is ethically dodgy, too, or downright dangerous. And elected officials are far from alone in doing this. Big projects involve big money and big self-interest. And since "who gets what" is the core of politics, there is politics in every big project, whether public or private....A Canadian example is arguably even more egregious. When the Canadian government decided it wanted to buy two icebreakers, it didn't buy them from manufacturers in other countries that were more experienced with building icebreakers, deciding instead to give the contracts to Canadian companies. That's national politics. But rather than give the contracts to one company so that it could build one ship, learn from the experience, and deliver the second ship more efficiently, it gave one contract to one company and the other to another company. Splitting the contract "will not lead to these natural learning improvements," noted a report by the parliamentary budget officer, Yves Giroux - a report that found that the estimated cost of the icebreakers had soared from $2.6 billion (Canadian) to $7.25 billion. So why do it? One company is in a politically important region in Quebec, the other in a politically important region in British Columbia. Splitting the contracts meant twice the political payoff -at the cost of experience and billions of dollars."
terça-feira, março 07, 2023
Trabalho, felicidade e "estabilidade"
Isto anda tudo ligado:
"Em 2021, mais de quatro milhões de pessoas revelaram que trabalhar em Portugal está longe de ser sinónimo de felicidade. Baixos salários, vínculos precários, carga horária excessiva, gestões autoritárias e estagnação profissional estão entre as principais justificações num mercado de trabalho onde poucos se sentem felizes. Foi neste ano que mais de 197 milhões de trabalhadores na União Europeia foram entrevistados sobre o nível de satisfação laboral. Os dados reunidos pelo Eurostat mostram que 43,8% das pessoas estavam "muito satisfeitas" com a condição profissional.
...
Em contraste com a média da Comunidade Europeia, Portugal tem menos de um quarto dos trabalhadores felizes com a sua profissão (21,6%). A maioria respondeu estar "mais ou menos satisfeita", enquanto 10,6% das pessoas expressaram a sua insatisfação. Esse valor mostra que Portugal é o país com a menor percentagem de trabalhadores muito satisfeitos comparativamente às restantes regiões.
...
No indicador da insatisfação, o país volta a surgir nas piores posições. E o segundo da lista com a maior percentagem de trabalhadores insatisfeitos, tendo quase o dobro da média europeia (5,8%). É apenas superado pela Bulgária (11,8%). A Itália é o país com menor percentagem."
Ehehehe só palpites, ninguém faz qualquer estudo para perguntar aos trabalhadores o motivo da sua opinião. E eu já estou habituado aos palpites do Bicicletas e do clube de amigos do Zé Reis.
O presidente da AEP também manda um palpite, certamente sem relação com um dos negócios mais rentáveis da organização a que preside:
"Luís Miguel Ribeiro defende de a necessidade de uma "firme aposta" na valorização do capital humano como "activo estratégico das organizações""
Ao ler este palpite pensei logo nos números sobre os suicídios: há mais suícidios, em %, em países felizes (Dinamarca) do que em países desgraçados (Grécia)? Recordo de 2014 - A felicidade é sempre uma medida relativa. Se se der mais valorização, sem dar oportunidade de escolher outro emprego, as pessoas ainda ficam mais insatisfeitas com o seu trabalho. Este meu palpite parece-me óbvio.
Olha, o Q.E.D. vem logo a seguir no mesmo artigo:
"E o "desencantamento" é evidente nos profissionais com licenciaturas, mestrados ou doutoramentos. São os que menos expressam estar muito satisfeitos em comparação com outros países. Em mais de um milhão e meio de trabalhadores que seguiram os estudos após o ensino secundário, apenas 367 mil (23,8%) responderam nesse sentido."
Como se sai disto? Aqui vai o meu palpite:
Com algo que mete medo ao país com o presidente da república que adora a "estabilidade", deixar a concorrência funcionar, fomentar mais concorrência e, sobretudo, fomentar o aparecimento de mais empresas noutros sectores mais produtivos capazes de oferecerem melhores condições. Agora imaginem o presidente da AEP afirmar isto ... por isto é que escrevo que anda tudo ligado. BTW, é procurar caridadezinha aqui no blogue desde o tempo do 44 como primeiro-ministro:
- Lerolero (2021)
- Vamos brincar à caridadezinha (2008)
segunda-feira, março 06, 2023
"Reward output, not just activity"
Um dos temas deste blogue ao longo dos anos, "Organizations must stop conflating activity with achievement". Recordo as cenas com os relatórios de actividade dos organismos públicos:
- Mais um monumento à treta - parte II (Junho de 2007)
- Sem resultados pelos quais responder não há skin-in-the-game (Abril de 2021)
"“Work, not leisure, is now the signifier of dominant social status.”...Research indicates that when organizations overload employees, base their incentives primarily on the amount of time they work, and excessively monitor their activities, productivity and efficiency actually drop....One of social psychology's canonical findings is that the harder people work to achieve something, the more they value it. Known as "effort justification," this tendency arises even when a task is meaningless. And the more demanding the effort is, the more commitment people feel....a lot of organizational behavior is mindless. ... much of what managers believe to be institutional knowledge and culture is actually just bad habits....HOW TO REVERSE COURSEWhat can organizations do to beat back the scourge?I believe that five approaches can help them overcome the obsession with busyness.Reward output, not just activity. [Moi ici: Imaginem este racional a permear os fazedores de planos de combate à pobreza, à violência doméstica e a outras boas-intenções] As the old saying goes, you get what you pay for. So unsurprisingly, paying people for effort can lead to more effort rather than greater productivity...."Never mistake activity for achievement." Yet companies keep falling into that trap, despite considerable evidence that increased work doesn't necessarily lead to increased productivity. Given that the prevailing corporate culture continues to reward busyness, it can be tempting to go with the flow instead of fighting to reform broken incentive structures. Yet doing so would be not only unwise but quite possibly deadly. Research shows that since the 1990s, employees increasingly have been working harder and under tighter deadlines and more stressful conditions as they try to master additional skills to outpace the robots gunning for their jobs and as digital devices trap them in a 24/7 workplace. This has taken a significant toll on mental and physical health. Businesses and leaders must step up to take a stand against the busyness epidemic so that we can begin to create not only more sustainable organizations but also more sustainable jobs."
Trechos retirados de "Beware a Culture of Busyness - Organizations must stop conflating activity with achievement" de Adam Waytz.
domingo, março 05, 2023
Condenados a repeti-los
"So when we use the word myth we tend to mean a falsehood that is widely believed. And that's unfortunate because we've lost the term for what I want to talk about. See myths aren't false stories about the ancient past. They're symbolic stories about perennial patterns that are always with us. That's a very different thing! So a lot of what's going on in myth is an attempt to take these intuitive, implicitly learned patterns and put them into some form that is sharable with ourselves and with each other." (fonte)
Ontem fui ao Antigo Testamento e li o Livro de Ezequiel e ... continua actual.
Por que é que os israelitas foram derrotados pelos babilónios? Porque deixaram o seu sistema político (e religioso, Israel nunca os separou) se corromper de muitas e variadas formas. E mais, e isto faz-me pensar no 25 de Abril - reformar um sistema doente não gera nenhuma sociedade nova; apenas reanima o velho sistema que, cedo ou tarde, acabará sempre nos mesmos vícios. Tão em linha com a mensagem recorrente de Joaquim Aguiar: quem não reconhece os seus erros está condenado a repeti-los.
sábado, março 04, 2023
Inflação e desemprego industrial (parte II)
Ainda a propósito de Inflação e desemprego industrial estes trechos do JdN de 28.02 passado no artigo "Empresas portuguesas mais optimistas, na UE não":
Sinais mistos sobre andamento da economia
O resultado dos inquéritos de conjuntura da Comissão Europeia não era o antecipado pelos analistas.
"A estabilização do indicador de sentimento económico em fevereiro contrasta com as subidas expressivas do PMI e confirma que a economia europeia vai ter sérias dificuldades este ano", comenta Andrew Kenningham, da Capital Economics. Recorde-se que a atividade empresarial da Zona Euro, medida pelo índice PMI (divulgado na semana passada) acelerou em fevereiro para um pico de nove meses, sugerindo um crescimento económico do início do ano."
E de ontem, "Eurozone economy expands at strongest pace since June 2022".
sexta-feira, março 03, 2023
Um PRR, uma ideia de aeroporto e um grupo de políticos entram num bar
"The construction of the Sydney Opera House was an outright fiasco. Setbacks piled up. Costs exploded. Scheduled to take five years to build, it took fourteen.
The final bill was 1,400 percent over the estimate, one of the largest cost overruns for a building in history.
...
The key force behind the opera house project was Joe Cahill, the premier of the state of New South Wales. Cahill had held office for many years and was ill with cancer. Like so many politicians before and since, his thoughts turned to his legacy. And like other politicians before and since, he decided that the public policies he had ushered in were not enough, that his legacy must take the tangible form of a grand building. But Cahill's Australian Labor Party colleagues did not share his dream. New South Wales faced a severe shortage of housing and schools, and pouring public money into an expensive opera house struck them as folly.
Facing a classic political dilemma, Cahill chose a classic political strategy: He lowballed the cost, helped in part by an estimate prepared for the contest judges that simply filled the large blanks in the plan with optimistic assumptions and concluded that Utzon's design was the cheapest of the leading contenders.
And Cahill rushed the process. He decreed that construction would start in February 1959, whatever the state of planning. Not coincidentally, an election was due in March 1959. He even instructed his officials to start building and "make such progress that no one who succeeds me can stop this. It was the "start digging a hole" strategy discussed in chapter 2. And it worked for Cahill. By October 1959, he was dead, but the opera house was alive and under construction -although no one knew precisely what they were building because the final design had not been decided and drawn."
Trechos retirados de "How Big Things Get Done" de Bent Flyvbjerg.
quinta-feira, março 02, 2023
Inflação e desemprego industrial
Inflação e desemprego industrial.
Primeiro, a inflação. Nos últimos meses tenho pensado num título que recordava ter ouvido citar há vários anos. Ontem pesquisei-o e cheguei a "Give Sam Walton the Nobel Prize" e encontrei o que procurava:
"The world's largest retailer, Walmart shrugs off the controversy for a simple reason: The stuff it sells is cheap. Beyond its immense buying power (which sucks profit margins from suppliers), its incredibly efficient logistics systems and sourcing from low-wage foreign labor allow Walmart to drive down the cost of making and shipping many of its products. And Walmart is only the most visible example of a far bigger phenomenon: Globally, even in places thousands of miles from the nearest blue-shirted greeter, more efficient production and transportation are reducing the prices of many of the basic goods purchased by the world's poorest people. If that's rapacious, Walmart-style capitalism, let's have more!
...
Walmart’s low prices come in part from relying on efficient production in developing countries. Of course it isn’t just Walmart’s procurement agents who are buying cheap stuff from Asia; pretty much the whole world is, including retailers from Bangalore to Bangui. That’s because manufacturers in China, India, and elsewhere have become particularly adept at producing low-cost versions of goods demanded by "bottom of the pyramid" consumers — otherwise known as the world’s poorest people."
Agora pensem no que acontecerá se a globalização der lugar à desglobalização, der lugar ao nearshoring e ao reshoring como temos referido ao longo dos anos aqui no blogue. O regresso da inflação provocado pelo aumento dos custos de produção (mão de obra mais cara e sistemas de produção menos eficientes).
Agora pensem no que acontecerá se a globalização der lugar à desglobalização, der lugar ao nearshoring e ao reshoring como temos referido ao longo dos anos aqui no blogue. Uma certa reindustrialização do Ocidente:
- O fim da globalização (parte II) (Julho de 2022)
- Quem é este morcão? (Junho de 2022)
- Os suspeitos do costume (Janeiro de 2013)
- A reindustrialização em curso (Dezembro de 2012)
"Typically, the working class and blue-collar workers are the most impacted in challenging economic climates. However, this time, it's different. The wealthy and high-paid, whitecollar professionals are facing what is being called a "richcession," according to the Wall Street Journal."
quarta-feira, março 01, 2023
"Just do it!"
Na segunda-feira publiquei aqui no blogue, "a hypothesis waiting to be tested":
"There's a failure to understand that you can run an organization thinking like a scientist. By that I mean, just recognizing that every opinion you hold at work is a hypothesis waiting to be tested. And every decision you make is an experiment waiting to be run.
So many leaders just implement decisions. It's like life is an A/B test, but they just ran with the A, and didn't even realize that there was a possible B, C, D and E. Too many leaders feel like their decisions are permanent."
Entretanto, li mais uns trechos retirados de "How Big Things Get Done" de Bent Flyvbjerg e que julgo que encaixam bem com os sublinhados acima:
"A preference for doing over talking -sometimes distilled into the phrase "bias for action" - is an idea as common in business as it is necessary. Wasted time can be dangerous. "Speed matters in business," notes one of Amazon's famous leadership principles,
...
however, that Bezos carefully limited the bias for action to decisions that are "reversible." Don't spend lots of time ruminating on those sorts of decisions, he advises. Try something. If it doesn't work, reverse it, and try something else. That's perfectly reasonable.
...
When this bias for action is generalized into the culture of an organization, the reversibility caveat is usually lost. What's left is a slogan - "Just do it!"
...
we found that managers feel more productive executing tasks than planning them," ... "Especially when under time pressure, they perceive planning to be wasted effort." To put that in more general behavioral terms, people in power, which includes executives deciding about big projects, prefer to go with the quick flow of availability bias, as opposed to the slow effort of planning."
terça-feira, fevereiro 28, 2023
Nunca deixaram de ser crianças
segunda-feira, fevereiro 27, 2023
"a hypothesis waiting to be tested"
"There's a failure to understand that you can run an organization thinking like a scientist. By that I mean, just recognizing that every opinion you hold at work is a hypothesis waiting to be tested. And every decision you make is an experiment waiting to be run.So many leaders just implement decisions. It's like life is an A/B test, but they just ran with the A, and didn't even realize that there was a possible B, C, D and E. Too many leaders feel like their decisions are permanent. [Moi ici: E ignoram aquela lição de vida - O que é verdade hoje, amanhã é mentira - as alterações do contexto tornam obsoletas as boas decisões do passado] As opposed to saying, "We're going to test and learn."...If you have a skeptical or resistant audience, it's not effective to go into prosecutor mode. It just invites the other person to bring their best defense attorney to court, and then we're just butting heads and nobody learns or opens their mind or changes anything. I think there are some good alternatives, including motivational interviewing, which is to just say, hey, I'm excited about this change. I'm anticipating some resistance. And I'd love to know what would motivate you to try this? Is there anything that would make it worth considering for you? And then you actually learn what motivates people by interviewing them as opposed to trying to shove your idea down their throats."
Trechos retirados de "Why CEOs Should Think Differently- and Experiment" publicado no WSJ do de 23 de Fevereiro último.
domingo, fevereiro 26, 2023
"Ciência" e certezas
Para quem confunde ciência com certezas absolutas:
"Taking a model literally is not taking a model seriously.
...
Models can be both right, in the sense of expressing a way of thinking about a situation that can generate insight, and at the same time wrong - factually incorrect. Atoms do not consist of little balls orbiting a nucleus, and yet it can be helpful to imagine that they do.
...
Nobel Prize-winning economist Peter Diamond said in his Nobel lecture that to me, taking a model literally is not taking a model seriously'. There are different ways to avoid taking models literally. We do not take either wave or particle theories of light literally, but we do take them both seriously. In economics, some use is made of what are called stylised facts: general principles that are known not to be true in detail but that describe some underlying observed or expected regularity. Examples of stylised fact are 'per-capita economic output (generally) grows over time', or people who go to university (generally) earn more', or in the UK it is (generally) warmer in May than in November'. These stylised facts do not purport to be explanations or to suggest causation, only correlation.
...
We might think of models as being caricatures in the same sense. Inevitably, they emphasise the importance of certain kinds of feature - perhaps those that are the most superficially recognisable - and ignore others entirely.
...
Thinking of models as caricatures helps us to understand how they both generate and help to illustrate, communicate and share insights. Thinking of models as stereotypes hints at the more negative aspects of this dynamic: in constructing this stereotype, what implicit value judgements are being made?
...
Since each model represents only one perspective, there are infinitely many different models for any given situation.
...
When the models fail, you will say that it was a special situation that couldn't have been predicted, but force equals mass times acceleration itself is only correct in a very special set of circumstances. Nancy Cartwright, an American philosopher of science, says that the laws of physics, when they apply, apply only ceteris paribus - with all other things remaining equal. In Model Land, we can make sure that happens. In the real world, though, the ceteris very rarely stay paribus."
Trechos retirados de "Escape from Model Land" de Erica Thompson.
sábado, fevereiro 25, 2023
A janela da desgraça (parte II)
"To understand the right way to get a project done quickly, it's useful to think of a project as being divided into two phases. This is a simplification, but it works: first, planning; second, delivery. The terminology varies by industry-in movies, it's "development and production"; in architecture, "design and construction" - but the basic idea is the same everywhere: Think first, then do.
A project begins with a vision that is, at best, a vague image of the glorious thing the project will become. Planning is pushing the vision to the point where it is sufficiently researched, analyzed, tested, and detailed that we can be confident we have a reliable road map of the way forward.
Most planning is done with computers, paper, and physical models, meaning that planning is relatively cheap and safe. Barring other time pressures, it's fine for planning to be slow. Delivery is another matter. Delivery is when serious money is spent and the project becomes vulnerable as a consequence.
...
Planning is a safe harbor. Delivery is venturing across the storm-tossed seas.
...
Put enormous care and effort into planning to ensure that delivery is smooth and swift. Think slow, act fast: That’s the secret of success.
...
But "Think slow, act fast" is not how big projects are typically done. "Think fast, act slow" is. The track record of big projects unequivocally shows that."
Isto faz sentido. Contudo, penso logo no perigo da volubilidade de alterações ao âmbito do projecto. Talvez seguir melhor o conselho de Frank Gehri, começar pelo "Why" e nem chegar a abraçar o projecto se o cliente não aceitar as regras do jogo logo à partida.
Trechos retirados de "How Big Things Get Done" de Bent Flyvbjerg
sexta-feira, fevereiro 24, 2023
Podem limpar as mãos à parede
- "Lives of quiet desperation" - Julho de 2020
- "Lives of quiet desperation" (parte II) - Setembro de 2021
- "Lives of quiet desperation" (parte III) - Outubro de 2021
- "Lives of quiet desperation" (parte II) - Janeiro de 2022
- "Lives of quiet desperation" (parte III) - Outubro de 2022
Pena que não veja nem um comentador a retratar-se sobre o que escreveu sobre a empresa estratégica, sobre o know-how, sobre… mais uma ilustração de que a maioria não passa de Sarumans fechados em torres isolados da realidade. Portanto, ignorantes https://t.co/qULsM6omxa
— Carlos P da Cruz 🇺🇦🚜🇳🇱🇬🇪 (@ccz1) February 22, 2023
quinta-feira, fevereiro 23, 2023
Incerteza e riscos, ou oportunidades
"Apesar do recorde de exportações alcançado em 2022, os empresários do calçado e das peles já esperam tempos mais desafiantes para este ano. O piso ainda é escorregadio em várias frentes.1 "Receio de encomendas a longo prazo"Primeiro a pandemia, depois a guerra e, pelo caminho, peças da economia global desalinhadas. Os últimos anos têm sido duros para muitas empresas, mas não impediram o "cluster" do calçado de recuperar rapidamente, com resultados animadores. Só que, no inicio de 2023, o medo ameaça entranhar-se. "As pessoas estão com receio de fazer encomendas a longo prazo", reconhece José Afonso Pontes, fundador da empresa familiar Cruz de Pedra"
Ontem, durante uma viagem de comboio, apanhei em "Strategic Leadership: The Essential Skills":
"THE STORIED BRITISH BANKER and financier Nathan Rothschild noted that great fortunes are made when cannonballs fall in the harbor, not when violins play in the ballroom. Rothschild understood that the more unpredictable the environment, the greater the opportunity if you have the leadership skills to capitalize on it. Through research at the Wharton School and at our consulting firm involving more than 20,000 executives to date, we have identified six skills that, when mastered and used in concert, allow leaders to think strategically and navigate the unknown effectively: the abilities to anticipate, challenge, interpret, decide, align, and learn."
Ainda ontem, numa empresa, repetia que os factores externos do contexto não são intrinsecamente positivos ou negativos. Cada vez me vou convencendo mais e mais de que tudo depende da postura da empresa perante o que acontece.
quarta-feira, fevereiro 22, 2023
O momento anti-Midas
terça-feira, fevereiro 21, 2023
Tudo vai depender do tal jogo de forças (parte VI),
"IT's been a tough year for manufacturers, with supply-chain snags, inflation and fears of a recession. Yet a shocking 95% of manufacturing executives said they were optimistic about the future, according to a recent poll by Forbes, Xometry and Zogby.The nationwide survey of 150 manufacturing executives in late December found that three-fifths (60%) of executives said "the future looks bright," while another one-third (35%) said they "see the light at the end of the tunnel?"
segunda-feira, fevereiro 20, 2023
A janela da desgraça
"Most big projects are not merely at risk of not delivering as promised. Nor are they only at risk of going seriously wrong. They are at risk of going disastrously wrong because their risk is fat-tailed. Against that background, it is interesting to note that the project management literature almost completely ignores systematic study of the fat-tailedness of project risk....smaller projects are susceptible to fat tails, too....major corporations on the hook for runaway projects may be able to keep things going by borrowing more and more money. Governments can also pile up debt. Or raise taxes. But most ordinary folks and small businesses cannot draw on a big stockpile of wealth, run up debt, or raise taxes. If they start a project that hurtles toward the fat tail of the distribution, they will simply be wiped out, giving them even more reason than a corporate executive or government official to take the danger seriously. And that starts by understanding what causes project failure....Projects that fail tend to drag on, while those that succeed zip along and finish. Why is that? Think of the duration of a project as an open window. The longer the duration, the more open the window. The more open the window, the more opportunity for something to crash through and cause trouble, including a big, bad black swan....From the dramatic to the mundane to the trivial, change can rattle or ruin a project—if it occurs during the window of time when the project is ongoing. Solution? Close the window. Of course, a project can’t be completed instantly, so we can’t close the window entirely. But we can make the opening radically smaller by speeding up the project and bringing it to a conclusion faster. That is a main means of reducing risk on any project.In sum, keep it short!"
Como reduzir a janela de oportunidade para a desgraça?
Resposta rápida, simples, mas errada: Começar já, começar depressa.
Continua.
domingo, fevereiro 19, 2023
Um número infinito de nichos
Ao longo dos anos tenho escrito aqui sobre as plataformas e o "não é winner-take-all". Por exemplo:
- “It’s a difficult proposition to be all things to all people, as opposed to doing one thing really well” (Agosto de 2021)
- Estratégia em todo lado - não é winner-take-all (parte IV) (Junho de 2021)
- "Scale vs trust" (Janeiro de 20219)
- Estratégia em todo lado - não é winner-take-all (parte V) (Abril de 2017)
- Estratégia em todo lado - não é winner-take-all (parte IV) (Janeiro de 2017)
“The opposite of broadcast: the distribution economics of the internet favor infinite niches, not one-size-fits-all.”
— Jim O'Shaughnessy (@jposhaughnessy) February 18, 2023
~ David Shields
Um número infinto de nichos ... afinal o que é Mongo? Pois, E porque não somos plankton (parte VII)
sábado, fevereiro 18, 2023
Acerca da produtividade
"Our research found striking variations in productivity among leading and lagging firms within each sector. Manufacturing provides a particularly stark example, where leading firms operate at 5.4 times the productivity of laggards. Academic researchers have documented similar trends in services, particularly information and communications, which show wide disparities between leading firms and the rest.
Not only are productivity disparities within sectors quite wide — they’re also getting wider. Our research shows that in manufacturing, the gap was 25% wider in 2019 than it was in 1989.
...
These productivity gaps also suggest that firms can raise their own ambitions. Doing more with less, or doing more with the same, shows up in corporate income statements as higher margins and stronger revenue growth. And in aggregate, those performance improvements lead to economy-wide changes in productivity.
...
From 1989 to 2019, our research finds a strong correlation between sectors’ productivity growth and their level of digitization.
...
Frontier firms go beyond technology investments and also place bets on complementary intangibles such as R&D, intellectual property, and the capabilities of their workforce.
...
Frontier firms also disproportionately secure the skilled talent they need to get the most out of technology, either by attracting top talent or by an in-house investment in employee skills.
...
Frontier companies are typically system thinkers, looking for opportunities to access new markets or collaborate creatively with stakeholders.
High-performing firms tend to be more connected to global value chains, giving them access to global markets, ideas, and talent. They collaborate with suppliers and customers to form new ecosystems that benefit from agglomeration effects and create shared pools of value."
Trechos retirados de "What the Most Productive Companies Do Differently"
sexta-feira, fevereiro 17, 2023
"Tudo depende do valor (relativo) por que se vendem"
"Não querendo ser redutor, a produtividade - especialmente ao nível empresarial - não está no quanto se produz, mas antes no valor do que se produz. Servir cafés à mesa não tem necessariamente menor produtividade que fabricar BMW. Tudo depende do valor (relativo) por que se vendem [Moi ici: Tão raro encontrar este apelo à aposta no numerador da equação da produtividade] cafés à mesa. Simplisticamente, é uma questão de modelo de negócio! Talvez seja porque em Portugal se dá pouca atenção ao modelo de negócio - i.e. o valor do que se produz - que a mão de obra mais qualificada procura oportunidades na emigração. A nossa sina parece ser a falta de um tecido empresarial que valorize as competências da nova geração, tida como a mais bem formada. [Moi ici: Não sei se será a melhor maneira de colocar o tema. As empresas não existem para dar trabalho, as empresas dão trabalho como instrumento para ganhar dinheiro. O ponto é mais a dificuldade, ou a não necessidade de subir na escala de valor (satisficing) para sobreviver. Só a aposta na subida na escala de valor traz como consequência o recurso a gente com mais competência. Não para fazer caridade, mas por puro interesse próprio] Se a maior realização é encontrada no estrangeiro, o sistema educativo fez um bom serviço. Não há como o negar A questão central talvez seja outra, relacionada com avarias noutros "elevadores sociais" de origem nacional."
Trecho retirado do artigo "Elevadores nacionais" de Álvaro Nascimento e publicado ontem no JdN.
quinta-feira, fevereiro 16, 2023
Fugir do lero-lero
Que questões externas podem afectar a sua empresa em 2023?
Como auditor vejo, como diz um conhecido, "muita conversa para boi dormir", ou como se diz no Twitter, "muito lero-lero". Por isso, achei interessante este artigo, "The 10 Biggest Risks And Threats For Businesses In 2023".
Claro que o que o artigo relata não são riscos, são elementos do contexto externo que se podem concatenar com elementos do contexto interno e fazer emergir alguns riscos. Quando há uma tragédia há os que choram e há os que vendem lenços. O facto das taxas de juro subirem pode ser um risco para um certo tipo de empresas, mas também pode ser uma oportunidade para quem não tenha dívida e trabalhe para um certo tipo de clientes.
"“The raised interest rates will continue to burn working capital for businesses across the economy,” Salvatore Stile, chairman of Alba Wheels Up International, an international shipping and customs clearance company, said via email.
“Because retailers are concerned with consumer demand, they will likely be more cautious in purchasing inventory to prevent over-supply in the retail market,” he predicted.
“This will burden small and medium-sized companies, who will have to be de facto warehouses for the retailers, as they hold products for more extended periods. We expect freight rates to reduce in 2023 when compared to 2022, as demand for overseas goods has reduced across the board,” Stile observed."
Que questões externas determinou? São do mesmo calibre que as relatadas no artigo? Ou são a treta do costume? Louvar o chefe, louvar a equipa, ao estilo miss mundo, dizer que a concorrência é maldosa, dizer que os fornecedores são malandros, e que o governo é a fonte de todos os males.
Como as traduziu em riscos ou oportunidades?
quarta-feira, fevereiro 15, 2023
Cuidado com as burrices!
Lembram-se dos políticos, como Paulo Portas, muito preocupados com as importações e a exortarem as empresas exportadoras a trabalharem para substituir as importações?
- Burrice!
Recordo de 2017 - "Dedicado ao bicicletas" onde escrevi:
"Quando eu era estudante o paradigma era outro. A exportação era para ocupar capacidade residual e, por isso, bastava que pagasse os custos variáveis como recordo aqui."
Frequentemente leio a mesma tolice de Paulo Portas ou do bicicletas, aqui e acolá.
Somos um país pobre com fraco poder de compra, exportamos artigos a um preço mais alto do que o mercado interno pode suportar, e importamos artigos baratos que as empresas nacionais não conseguiriam produzir com lucro. Recordo:
- Live and let live (Fevereiro de 2022)
- Como se pode ser tão burro e cometer sempre os mesmos erros??? (Agosto de 2020)
"Empresas que exportam têm mais capacidade para aumentar lucros do que as que não o fazem. BdP estima que, com exportações, margens preço-custo aumentam entre 1,2% e 2,7%, com destaque para o setor não transformador. Maiores ganhos estão nas atividades científicas, comunicação e construção....As empresas portuguesas que exportam para o exterior conseguem mardens de lucro superiores até 2.7% face às empresas que vendem apenas no mercado nacional. A conclusão é de um estudo do Banco de Portugal (BdP), que indica que as margens de lucro aumentam assim que as empresas iniciam a atividade exportadora"
terça-feira, fevereiro 14, 2023
"but some are useful"
"Distinguishing between Model Land and real world would reduce the sensationalism of some headlines and would also encourage scientific results to clarify more clearly where or whether they are expected to apply to the real world as well.
...
As statistician George Box famously said, 'All models are wrong.' In other words, we will always be able to find ways in which models differ from reality, precisely because they are not reality. We can invalidate, disconfirm or falsify any model by looking for these differences. Because of this, models cannot act as simple hypotheses about the way in which the true system works, to be accepted or rejected.
...
Box's aphorism has a second part: "All models are wrong, but some are useful.' Even if we take away any philosophical or mathematical justification, we can of course still observe that many models make useful predictions, which can be used to inform actions in the real world with positive outcomes. Rather than claiming, however, that this gives them some truth value, it may be more appropriate to make the lesser claim that a model has been consistent with observation or adequate for a given purpose. Within the range of the available data, we can assess the substance of this claim and estimate the likelihood of further data points also being consistent.
...
The extrapolatory question, of the extent to which it will continue to be consistent with observation outside the range of the available data, is entirely reliant on the subjective judgement of the modeller."
Trechos retirados de "Escape from Model Land" de Erica Thompson.
segunda-feira, fevereiro 13, 2023
Mex-ina
"It was January 2022, and Mr. Chan's company, Man Wah Furniture Manufacturing, was confronting grave challenges in moving sofas from its factories in China to customers in the United States. Shipping prices were skyrocketing. Washington and Beijing were locked in a fierce trade war.
Man Wah, one of China's largest furniture companies, was eager to make its products on the North American side of the Pacific.
"Our main market is the United States," said Mr. Chan, chief executive of Man Wah's Mexico subsidiary. "We don't want to lose that market."
That same objective explains why scores of major Chinese companies are investing aggressively in Mexico, taking advantage of an expansive North American trade deal. [Moi ici: Os pró-Biden demonizam a trumpeconomics, os pró-Trump demonizam tudo o que Biden faz, mas na economia Biden segue e amplia o que Trump fez. Como diz Zeihan México, Estados Unidos e Canadá formam um bloco doméstico] Tracing a path forged by Japanese and South Korean companies, Chinese firms are establishing factories that allow them to label their goods "Made in Mexico," then trucking their products into the United States duty-free.
The interest of Chinese manufacturers in Mexico is part of a broader trend known as nearshoring. International companies are moving production closer to customers to limit their vulnerability to shipping problems and geopolitical tensions." [Moi ici: O movimento é muito mais motivado pela economia do que pela política, em minha opinião. Num mundo mais incerto é cada vez mais racional ter a produção perto do consumo. Claro que a erosão da diferença de custos também ajuda.]
Trecho retirado de "Why Chinese Companies Are Investing Billions in Mexico"
domingo, fevereiro 12, 2023
"issues are left unresolved that will resurface during delivery"
"what’s less well-known is that the Guggenheim Bilbao also set a management standard that very few large projects have attained: It was delivered on time, within just six years, and cost $3 million less than the $100 million budgeted.
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With such a clearly defined project, another architect may have treated this as a simple choice: either accept or pass. Gehry did neither. Instead, he did what he does with every potential client. He asked questions, starting with the most fundamental: “Why are you doing this project?” [Moi ici: Faz-me recordar as obras que são para a JMJ, ou para a requalificação da zona oriental, ou para ...]
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By starting projects with meaningful questioning, and by carefully listening to the answers, Gehry figures out what the clients really want rather than what they think they want. [Moi ici: Faz-me recordar o "When you get what you want, and not what you need"]
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When prospective clients come to Gehry’s firm, they are walked through the development of past projects so that they understand Gehry’s process. That’s crucial because the discussion to shape the project’s initial conception is not the end of their involvement. It’s the beginning. “Some people aren’t up for it,” notes Lloyd. “It takes a brave person to work with us.”
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Gehry’s process asks much of everyone involved. It also consumes a great deal of time.[Moi ici: Então!? Assim, como conciliar com ajustes directos e a mentalidade do desenrasca? Planear com tempo? Pensar antes de começar a fazer?] For project proponents eager to have something to show for their efforts—and get to the finish line—extended planning can be frustrating, even unnerving. For them, planning is pushing paper, something to get over with. Only digging and building are progress. If you want to get things done, they think, get going.
This sentiment is easy to understand. But it is wrong. When projects are launched without detailed and rigorous plans, issues are left unresolved that will resurface during delivery, causing delays, cost overruns, and breakdowns. A scramble for more time and more money follows, along with efforts to manage the inevitable bad press. With leaders distracted in this manner, the probability of further breakdowns—more scrambling, more delays, more cost overruns—grows. Eventually, a project that started at a sprint becomes a long slog through quicksand." [Moi ici: Este "issues are left unresolved that will resurface during delivery" tem-me acontecido algumas vezes ao longo da vida como consultor. Sou subcontratado por entidade com quem quero ficar bem, mas apanho empresa que não está preparada para o projecto, que quer fazer o projecto sem recursos. O que me salva a sanidade mental é ter ao mesmo tempo outro projecto que com recursos adequados se executa em 5 meses ao lado de dois com mais de 18 meses]
Trechos retirados de "How Frank Gehry Delivers On Time and On Budget" de Bent Flyvbjerg, Dan Gardner na Harvard Business Review (Janeiro 2023)