Para chatear auditores da treta

Ainda me lembro da primeira vez que num projecto em que era o consultor que apoiou a implementação do sistema da qualidade segundo a ISO 9001:2015 ter apanhado esta não-conformidade, com surpresa, durante a auditoria de concessão.

Ainda no ano passado, durante uma auditoria interna num outro projecto, o auditor escolhido resolveu brindar-nos com a mesma não-conformidade.

Tenho de mandar a esses auditores o link para o site da Comissão Técnica 176 da ISO que lida com as interpretações.

Pergunta:

"Is it mandatory for the organization to maintain or retain documented information as evidence of communication to outside suppliers of their requirements for control and monitoring of those requirements to be applied by the organization? (8.4.3)"

Contexto que suporta a pergunta:

"It has been common for certification bodies to require that the organization retain documented evidence that it has made such a communication, not only accepting verbal communication."

Interpretação:

"No"

Racional para a interpretação:

"Clause 8.4.3 (Information for external providers) does not include any requirement to maintain or retain documented information."

Como ouvi uma consultora dizer: "Os auditores reúnem-se num retiro e aprendem estas cenas ditas por um qualquer guru. Eles têm de parecer gurus, não há não-conformidades, inventam-se."

ISO/TC 176/SC 2 Listing of Approved Interpretations against ISO 9001:2015

Contract manufacturing? (parte II)

Parte I.

Em Julho de 2008 criei o esquema acima.

Quando as taxas de juro aumentam, as exigências de rentabilidade das empresas aumentam.

Quais as consequências desse aumento de exigência de rentabilidade?

Projectos menos rentáveis são abandonados.

Apenas projectos mais rentáveis são iniciados ou mantidos.

Segundo um artigo recente da revista Business of Fashion, algumas das maiores corporações na área da  beleza, como a Unilever e a L'Oréal, estão a vender algumas linhas consideradas centrais no passado, e seguir uma abordagem muito mais selectiva nas fusões e aquisições. Esta tendência é impulsionada pelo desejo de se concentrarem em marcas com provas de desempenho de que podem ser levadas para mercados maiores, bem como pela necessidade de se adaptarem às mudanças nas preferências dos consumidores. À medida que demografias mais jovens, como a Geração Z, se tornam um ponto de foco para o sector, a inovação de produtos e o envolvimento digital tornaram-se fundamentais para a retenção de clientes e a visibilidade das receitas. Os investidores financeiros também se tornaram mais selectivos nas suas buscas de aquisição, devido aos custos elevados de financiamento e à incerteza nas previsões. 

Aquele sublinhado lá em cima faz-me confusão. Hei! Mas eu só sou um anónimo engenheiro da província.

Como se aumenta a rentabilidade?

• aumentando o preço médio, ou
• baixando o custo médio.

Ao apostar em marcas com potencial para serem levadas para mercados maiores, estamos a falar de marcas que têm de apelar ao centrão, não podem ser disruptivas. Ou seja, o aumento da rentabilidade não será por aumento do preço médio, mas pela redução do custo médio. Uma pena!

Segundo este artigo:

"Skincare remains a prominent focus, constituting 46.2% of year-to-date transactions due to the high-margin profile of many skincare brands, making them attractive for both strategic and financial buyers.

Strategic buyers have been leading M&A activity, accounting for the majority of transactions. Large strategic buyers are showing renewed interest in transformative acquisitions, which is indicated by recent high-valuation deals.

Financial buyers have been cautious, influenced by elevated financing costs and a need for greater pricing transparency. However, there are signs of a rebound in private equity investment activity, especially in the Contract Manufacturing segment.

The Contract Manufacturing segment is gaining interest due to its predictable revenue streams and scalability. Outsourced partners with established client bases are becoming attractive, and private equity firms are considering buy-and-build strategies in this space."

Entretanto neste outro artigo:

"Where to play will become just as important a question as how to win, given the changing underlying growth tailwinds. The changing dynamics will render the industry's largely homogenous global playbooks of the past decades less effective and require brands to reassess their global strategies and introduce greater nuance and tailoring.

Geographic diversification will become more essential than ever. It was just recently, for example, that brands could focus their footprints on the industry's two top countries: China and the United States. Both countries will remain mighty forces for the industry, with the beauty market expected to reach $96 billion in China and $114 billion in North America by 2027."

Outra vez o "contract manufacturing".

Outra vez a ilusão das empresas grandes com o modelo económico do século XX. 

Contract manufacturing? (parte I)

Contract Manufacturing tem condições para crescer nestes tempos de recessão.

O NYT de ontem traz um artigo sobre as marcas brancas ... segundo o artigo, há muito que deixaram de ser marcas brancas, agora são marcas das lojas, com produtos tão bons quanto os das marcas de fabricante, mas com um preço 75% mais baixo.

"The snack chips had become pretty pricey.

For years, customers stopping at Casey's General Stores, a convenience store chain in the Midwest, hadn't thought twice about snagging a soda and a bag of Lay's or Doritos chips. But over the last year, as the price of a bag of chips soared and some customers felt squeezed by the high cost of gas and other expenses, they began picking up Casey's less-expensive store brand.

So Casey's began stocking more of its own chips, in a variety of new flavors. This summer, Casey's brand made up a quarter of all bags of chips sold, eating into the sales of big brands like Frito-Lay, which is owned by PepsiCo.

...

But with retailers now expanding their store-owned food and beverage offerings, consumers are slowly shifting their spending. Overall, private-label foods and beverages have crept up to a 20.6 percent share of grocery dollars from 18.7 percent before the pandemic, according to the market research firm Circana.

But a deeper look at some categories reveals private-label goods are gaining significant ground on national brands. Private labels snagged 38 percent of canned vegetable sales in the three months that ended June 30, according to Numerator, another market research firm. Numerator's data also shows private-label cheese held 45 percent of the market and coffee nearly 15 percent.

The shift in spending reflects a customer base that is nearing or at its tipping point. Inflation, which climbed to 3.7 percent in September, is running at a less rapid pace than a year ago, but millions of shoppers still face increasingly high prices in grocery stores.

...

"Consumers are trading down," said Rupesh D. Parikh, an equity analyst at Oppenheimer & Company who covers food, grocery and consumer products. He recently bought a box of Kellogg's Mini Wheats cereal at Walmart along with the Walmart version. "The Kellogg's cereal was 75 percent more expensive, and I couldn't tell the difference between them," he said.

Big brands, in response, are already starting to offer small sale prices on certain foods, like salty snacks. "The question is how deep they are willing to go in promotions," Mr. Parikh said." ... Retailers are offering customers "belly fillers" basic foods at low prices that are virtual clones of national brands, but they are also hunting for ways to differentiate themselves,"

Trechos retirados de "Those Doritos Too Expensive? Stores Offer Their Own Version."

Quem produz para a distribuição fazer concorrência às marcas de fabricante? O contract manufacturing.

Curiosidade do dia

O editorial do JdN de hoje, "A discussão que se segue" termina com:

"Talvez fosse mais útil fazer uma discussão mais profunda sobre se devemos continuar a ter governos viciados na fórmula fácil da receita fiscal e pouco abertos a olhar para a despesa estrutural."

Para haver uma discussão profunda têm de existir duas partes. Em termos eleitorais qual a dimensão da parte interessada em afrontar a imensa mole de interesses instalados à mesa do orçamento? Desde as associações empresariais e os partidos de extrema direita, até aos de extrema esquerda mais os seus grupos amestrados, mais os reformados, pensionistas e dependentes dos apoios sociais, está o país quase todo.

Heresias

Ando a ler Dominion de Tom Holland. É fascinante perceber como 150 anos depois de Cristo havia uma multidão de crenças e variantes acerca da pregação de Jesus. Só por volta do ano 180 nasceu a ideia de um canon. Só por volta do ano 325 apareceu o Credo de Niceia, mais por imposição política do imperador Constantino que queria aproveitar o cristianismo para uma religio de estado. Interessante perceber como evoluiu a relação dos cristãos ricos com a riqueza. 

Por exemplo, Santo Agostinho achava que os pobres não eram mais puros de coração do que os ricos. Para ele, todos estavam perdidos. "Abandonem o orgulho, e o dinheiro não fará qualquer mal."

Entretanto, ontem li "John Gray's The New Leviathans - is the world doomed to get worse?"e não pude deixar de pensar em Mongo e num postal sobre as ideias de Fukuyama, Mongo, tribos e política.

"They all have in their sights what Gray regards as a distinctively modern myth: the conviction that humanity is moving towards a common destination - a combination of liberal democracy, laissez-faire economics and scientific progress. Recent history - from the débâcle of nation-building in Iraq, through the global financial crisis to the sharpening of geopolitical tensions between the US and China - seems to encourage the conclusion that it will be later rather than sooner. [Moi ici: A minha convicção dos anos 70 e destruída pelos separatistas islâmicos das Filipinas algures a meio da década de 90 - 1 Origem de uma metáfora]

Central to most versions of liberalism, in Gray's sceptical view, is a faith in the "corrigibility and improvability of all social institutions and political arrangements". But it does not follow from this assault on liberal optimism that Gray believes social or political progress to be impossible. Rather, the hard lesson he wants readers to take from the new book is that it is always, and everywhere, precarious and provisional.

It is a fact of our natures that human beings have conflicting needs and demands; social peace "is a truce, partial and temporary, between humankind and itself." What political philosophers call the state of nature - in which, as the 17th-century English thinker Thomas Hobbes famously put it, life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" - is never far away. [Moi ici: Interessante como isto se relaciona com as ideias de Tom Holland. O Cristianismo como uma força fundamental na formação da civilização ocidental, influenciando tudo, desde a política e a moral até a arte e a literatura. Quando como sociedade nos afastamos dele, recordar "Deus morreu!" de Nietzsche, o deslaçamento dos valores vai progredindo, da corrupção à celebração da barbárie nas ruas. Até aos "cabritas reis"]

...

He is much more convincing, however, when he suggests that wokeism is a "footnote to Christianity" [Moi ici: Algo que julgo Tom Holland também partilha] sustained by the belief that the world is perfectible. In fact, on Gray's account of the "psychology of the political believer", the same is true of liberalism itself, which, like all large-scale projects of human emancipation (including communism and socialism), is so much spilt religion."

Heresia - “Heresy” comes from the Greek verb hairein, which means to choose. The idea is, heresy is the result of choosing one thing that is true and then running with it until it distorts everything else. Eu, que partilho das ideias liberais acredito que os seus maiores inimigos são os liberais sem freio.

Mais um absurdo

No FT de ontem o artigo "Is the secret to employee happiness not working?" é muito interessante e vai ao arrepio do mainstream:

"Such perks [Moi ici: Dias de folga extra] are in recognition of the growing concern about wellbeing. A report this year by the American Psychological Association found 77 per cent of workers experienced workrelated stress in the previous month, while 57 per cent indicated signs of workplace burnout, such as emotional exhaustion.

...

Research in the Journal of Advanced Nursing found that people taking "mental health days" were more likely to report problems at work, as well as mental health issues. The authors concluded that wellbeing days were only dealing with the symptoms of overwork, and that other, earlier interventions might have been more effective in preventing problems in the first place.

Moss says: "If we aren't tackling the root causes of burnout and the chronic stressors at work - mental health days become a band-aid solution."

Julgo que já tive esta conversa com o parceiro das conversas oxigenadoras, usam-se aspirinas para lidar com os sintomas e não se vai às causas-raiz.

Pensando bem, é um bocado absurdo, o segredo para o bem estar no local de trabalho é ... não trabalhar.

Como aprendi na semana passada: No Ocidente acredita-se cada vez mais naquilo que soa bem e parece bem, do que no que naquilo que funciona e resulta.

O mundo é um lugar heterogéneo (Mongo)

Uma das citações na coluna das mesmas é:

"When something is commoditized, an adjacent market becomes valuable"

 Algo que escrevi aqui no blogue pela primeira vez em 2013.

Penso:

• nas televisões a cores que não mataram as televisões a preto e branco;
• nos discos de vinil;
• nas cassestes audio;
• nos filmes a preto e branco;
• nos catálogos em papel;
• nos jogos de tabuleiro;
• nas livrarias independentes.

Agora descubro, "When firms may benefit from sticking with an old technology":

"In some markets, the rise of a discontinuous technology, besides posing a substitute threat to the old technology, further exposes niche segments where customers continue to favor the old technology. This paper predicts that within such a market, as competitors increasingly adopt the new technology for varied motives, firms sticking with the old technology may see their performance declining before rebounding and potentially reaching new heights.

...

this paper further emphasizes the importance of attending to the inherent heterogeneity of a demand context in analyzing the dynamics of technological change and its performance implications at both the market and firm levels. Such demand heterogeneity, due to varied sources, may preserve niche opportunities in a market for an old technology, preventing it from complete displacement by the new technology. This subsequently makes it possible for firms sticking with the old technology to thrive for an unexpectedly long period despite the rise of a new technology with superior functionality."

O mundo é como o planeta Mongo, uma paisagem muito enrugada.  

Estratégia e os 5 Ps, ou será demasiado far fetch(ed)?

Recordo de 2014, "Sinais de que uma empresa não tem uma estratégia".

Recordo também, sobre a Farfetch Definitivamente não recomendado a ... (de Outubro de 2020).

eheheh o @JNegocios ainda acredita na farfetch

— Carlos P da Cruz 🇺🇦🚜🇳🇱🇬🇪 (@ccz1) August 21, 2023

super-alavancada deve ser estilo farfetch, gasta mais na expansão do que ganha nas vendas. Fogem da máxima: "Volume is vanity. Profit is sanity"

— Carlos P da Cruz 🇺🇦🚜🇳🇱🇬🇪 (@ccz1) March 24, 2020

Ontem li "Farfetch: What Went Wrong?":

"this week, as we waited for a ruling from the European Commission on the company’s plan to acquire a 47.5 percent stake in its rival, Yoox Net-a-Porter Group, many analysts noted that Farfetch shares have lost 97 percent of their value in the last two years, a spectacular drop. Its market capitalisation has plummeted from a pandemic high of $26 billion in February 2021 to just over $600 million today.

...

I’ve been thinking about how things went so wrong at Farfetch, and my thoughts kept coming back to this: the fashion industry and the financial markets no longer understand the company’s increasingly complex vision and have little faith that the company, which has never consistently made a profit, can get back on track.

In 2015, the company began a spree of acquisitions, starting with Browns (meaning that Farfetch would now be taking on inventory and operating physical stores), the intellectual property from Condé Nast’s failed e-commerce venture Style.com (a brand that the company has never used), sneaker reseller Stadium Goods in 2018 (which moved Farfetch into the resale business and further into physical retail), New Guards Group in August 2019 (meaning that Farfetch now operated brands like Off-White and Palm Angels, including design, manufacturing and even more physical retail), and in 2022, Violet Grey. (The company was Farfetch’s first move into beauty and, according to a source who spoke to The Business of Beauty, is now up for sale).

In addition to these acquisitions, Farfetch now also operates white-label platform solutions for a variety of brands and retailers, including Neiman Marcus (into which it invested $200 million as part of an unusual deal), a business in China in partnership with Richemont and Alibaba and its original business which now works more than 1400 sellers in 50 countries.

The cautionary tale here for any entrepreneur taking on huge amounts of funding is the importance of maintaining focus. Over the years, as Farfetch went on its acquisition spree, it drifted further and further away from its original vision of being a technology platform for the fashion industry. As tempting as it may be to raise more money and acquire scale (and, sometimes profitability, as was the case with New Guards Group) through acquisitions, when you start stitching together so many disparate pieces you end up with a patchwork quilt that nobody understands."

Fiquei a pensar num velho artigo de Mintzberg, do Outono de 1987, "Five Ps for Strategy" publicado pela California Management Review, e que recordei aqui em 2008 em O que é 'estratégia' ?

"humans with Al will replace humans without Al"

Há cerca de um mês e meio em E na sua empresa, como está a ser aproveitada a AI? recordava uma frase de Kasparov:

"Algures li uma afirmação de Kasparov que dizia que um grande mestre perdia sempre contra um supercomputador, mas que um jogador mediano com um computador mediano, juntos batiam sempre o supercomputador."

Agora em "Training with Al: Evidence from chess computers" encontro:

"Using the case study of chess computers, we examine the linkage between Al-backed simulation and learning strategic interactions. It is plausible that Al will democratize opportunities to learn strategic-and potentially more broadly social-interactions. If so, Al may become a game changer well beyond the game of chess. While it has often been asked whether Al will replace humans, our study suggests that a more imminent change may be that humans with Al will replace humans without Al."

Again, como é que na sua empresa está a ser testada, usada, aproveitada a AI? 

Vai ser um choque interessante

Há quem defenda que a perda de um mandato pelo Labour numa circunscrição de Londres tradicionalmente trabalhista deveu-se ao ataque contra o automobilista por parte do mayor da cidade. Achei um exagero.

Depois, à cerca de duas semanas, a meio desta entrevista (ao minuto 36), "Piers Morgan VS Jordan Peterson The Full Interview #2", ouvi:

"you can tell the tyrants, they hate two things, they hate comedians and they hate cars"

Achei estranha esta referência aos carros.

Depois, no WSJ de 6 de Outubro passado descobri "The Culture War Is Coming for Your Car":

"Forget race. Forget sex. Forget immigration. The mother of all culture wars is breaking out, and its subject is the car. The automobile has long been a policy flashpoint, with the paramount issue being where it should be able to roam. This was the heart of the brutal urban-planning battles of the mid-20th century, which were fought over the need for and placement of new highways.

...

The problem with the personal car isn't its direct climate impact. Road transport, including trucking, accounts for 12% of global carbon emissions. Electric vehicles aren't an obvious means of reducing overall emissions, especially once you factor in their dirty supply chains and the coal-fired power that often charges them.

Rather, the car is a focus for the war on carbon because it's so visible. An electric vehicle is the most conspicuous, although perhaps not the most effective, thing a household can do in service of reducing global emissions. The corollary, however, is that if a household insists on buying and driving a gasoline or diesel car, it signifies that some concern other than climate is more important-cost and convenience often at the top of the list.

The car is becoming a cultural flashpoint because it is where climate-apocalypse proselytizing meets antielitist pragmatism. Both sides increasingly understand their fundamental values are at stake."

Esta semana descobri que uma petição pública por causa do IUC para veículos anteriores a 2008 já ultrapassou os 200 mil subscritores neste país sem sal.

O que fará o governo, recuará? 

Eu duvido que as pessoas consigam relacionar o seu voto com as consequências do seu voto.

PMEs ou Starbucks - PWP

Li "Why Your Starbucks Wait Is So Long" e fiquei impressionado com a semelhança com o que se passa em muitas PMEs.

Skinner sorriria e explicaria facilmente o que está a acontecer. Solução? PWP e também aqui e aqui.

Planear capacidade, ou como nem todos estão no mesmo caldo, ou análise do contexto (parte VII)

Parte VI.

No domingo passado escrevi este postal "Regressar ao século XIX" elogiando a actuação de uma associação empresarial na área da joalharia. No final não resisti a uma tirada cínica:

"O meu lado cínico sorri e pensa nos que emigram para França para receber muito mais, depois do curso tirado."

Entretanto, ontem li:

• Fashion's Craftsmanship Challenge de onde sublinho logo no lead:

"Fashion is in need of new talent in technical areas which take time to master - including leatherwork, tailoring and jewellery-making."

Pesquisando um pouco encontrei:

• "A central pillar of the academy will be a comprehensive training program for 50 students a year, with guaranteed employment at Bottega Veneta on completion of the course." (Fonte) 
• Bottega Veneta Establishes New Academy

Na semana passada numa empresa discutia-se "Capacity Planning". Se uma fábrica demora 5 anos a entrar em funcionamento, então convém estar atento aos sinais do mercado.

O chatGPT diz que que capacity planning é:

"um processo de gestão e planeamento que as organizações utilizam para determinar a capacidade necessária para satisfazer as suas necessidades futuras. Envolve a avaliação e o dimensionamento dos recursos necessários, como mão de obra, equipamentos, instalações e tecnologia, para satisfazer os objetivos operacionais e estratégicos.

O objetivo do planeamento de capacidade é garantir que uma organização tenha recursos adequados para satisfazer a procura do negócio de forma eficaz e eficiente. Isso envolve equilibrar a capacidade disponível com as necessidades projetadas, evitando tanto a subutilização quanto a superutilização de recursos."

Como ler isto sem pensar em António Costa com as calças na mão:

""Temos uma realidade objetiva que é termos um conjunto de profissionais de saúde com um nível etário onde já estão dispensados de fazer urgências", sinalizou António Costa, apontando para o facto de a lei estabelecer que a partir dos 50 anos os médicos estão dispensados de fazer urgência noturna e a partir dos 55 anos estão dispensados de fazer urgência, quer de noite quer de dia. "Por outro lado, "a formação de novos profissionais leva tempo", pelo que nesta "substituição" deverão continuar a existir alguns constrangimentos. "Vão ser dois anos onde vai haver sempre tensão", alertou o primeiro-ministro, em declarações transmitidas pela RTP3, no final da reunião com a Direção Executiva do SNS"

Afinal Todos nascidos do mesmo caldo não é bem verdade, há empresas mais bem geridas que se destacam da mediania. 

Ou como diria o ICI-man (Sir John Harvey-Jones):

"Planning is an unnatural process; it is much more fun to do something. And the nicest thing about not planning is that failure comes as a complete surprise rather than being preceded by a period of worry and depression."

O mesmo ICI-man dizia:

"There are no bad troops, only bad leaders."

Demografia, direitos adquiridos, ou a análise do contexto (parte VI)

Parte V.

No FT de ontem um tema que em Portugal levará muita gente a uma síncope, "It's time we stopped talking about retirement"

"A second reason I resisted the R word is that I had no plans to stop working. I had begun preparing for my post-FT life several years earlier, spending evenings and weekends training to become a counsellor, with the hope of helping others deal with their career dilemmas. When the time came to leave full-time journalism, I discovered my bosses were happy for me to continue contributing articles and teaching in the executive education business I had helped set up. So I have settled contentedly into a three-part career of writing, lecturing and counselling.

I am not alone. The number of UK over-65s still working rose to 1.47mn in the quarter to June 2022, an all-time record, according to the Office for National Statistics. This compares with 1.1mn in 2014. Much of the increase was driven by part-time work and self-employment.  

Part of the reason people carry on working is financial. Rising prices and the ending of gold-plated company pensions mean many cannot afford to stop working entirely. Even the best of the old-fashioned private sector final-salary pension schemes provide annual increases that fall far short of current inflation.

But there is also the desire to continue to matter. Moving on from a full-on job brings with it more identity issues than simply accepting one’s age. There is a loss of status. The question “what do you do?” requires a new answer. The “well, I used to . . . ” response palls after a while.

Many 60- and 70-somethings I come across want to continue being players rather than spectators. Having more time to watch sport, travel or go to the theatre has its attractions. But for many, there is still a drive to participate, to be in the fray.  

One of the problems with giving up work entirely is that you could be a long time retired. The average 65-year-old can expect to live into their mid-80s in developed countries, according to OECD figures. And many are living longer than that. Worldwide, there were nearly 500,000 people aged 100 or more in 2015, four times as many as in 1990, according to a 2016 Pew Research Center report, which said the number of centenarians was likely to reach 3.7mn by 2050.

Health problems start to intrude at some point. But healthier eating and exercise (one of the pleasures of self-employment means you decide when to go to the gym) help stave them off.

It is not just that many older people want to work; ageing societies will need them. Bain, the strategy consultancy, predicts that a quarter of the US workforce will be aged 55 or more by 2031. In Germany the figure will be 27 per cent, in Italy 32 per cent and in Japan 38 per cent."

Backcasting scenarios

Há anos que faço isto e só agora percebi que havia uma designação oficial "backcasting scenarios".

Viajar até ao futuro, ver como é que ele é, para depois retornar ao presente e construir o caminho até esse futuro.

Recordo:

• Mais uma vez e sempre: Começar pelo fim!!! (2009)
• "future-back" approach to strategy" (2013)
• O nosso Eu em construção, em função do futuro que desenhamos e visualizamos (2007) de onde sublinho: 

"O futuro é a base do significado, é de onde vem o projecto que alguém tem para si próprio ... o futuro, o projecto que temos de futuro, o entendimento genuíno, instintivo, intuitivo que dele fazemos é o que nos faz ser o que somos hoje."

• E meu Ortega Y Gasset preferido, O meu presente não existe senão graças ao meu futuro (2007) de onde sublinho:

"Agora, imaginem a seguinte situação, avaliamos, documentamos, retratamos, descrevemos uma realidade actual. E depois, viajamos mentalmente no tempo, e imaginamo-nos num tempo, num estado futuro. Um estado futuro com uma particularidade interessante, é um estado futuro desejado, não é um local de descoberta, é um local de destino conhecido. Esta situação é diferente, sabemos onde estamos, e sabemos onde queremos chegar no futuro. Então, colocados mentalmente no futuro, vamos começar a “puxar” a nossa realidade, para que ela um dia, se transforme na realidade futura desejada.

...

Quem se coloca mentalmente no futuro gera uma situação paradoxal (será?). O futuro desejado (o efeito n), a consequência, o resultado, transforma-se numa causa do presente!!!

Ou seja: Assim, há que equacionar o futuro desejado onde queremos chegar, para começar a actuar sobre o presente, de forma planeada, de forma deliberada.

“Isto faz-nos constatar de que a minha vida de agora, presente ou actual e, portanto, o meu “eu” agora, actual e presente é o que é graças a um meu eu futuro, à minha vida futura e não o contrário.”"

Regressar ao século XIX

 No JN do passado dia 11, "Uma escola para servir a região que mais produz joalharia".

15 valores! Só não dou mais por causa da dependência dos apoios. De resto, um retorno ao século XIX:

• Falta de trabalhadores (parte II)
• Por que é que os jornalistas não colocam perguntas impertinentes?
• "é para aí que vamos novamente"
• Convém levar o racional até ao fim

BTW, a propósito de:

"AQUI NÃO HÁ DESEMPREGO 

Os cursos ficarão a cargo do CINDOR, um centro de formação, sediado em Gondomar, com cerca de 600 alunos. "Nenhum jovem de Guimarães procura formação em Gondomar diretamente. Há falta de mão de obra no setor, que até paga acima da média, portanto, esperamos aumentar o interesse das pessoas pela área", aponta João Faria. "Não há nenhum técnico de ourivesaria ou cravador desempregado", acrescenta."

O meu lado cínico sorri e pensa nos que emigram para França para receber muito mais, depois do curso tirado. 

Resistir versus abraçar, ou a análise do contexto (parte V)

Parte IV.

É uma diferença abismal!

A diferença de mindset entre uma empresa que abraça a mudança e uma que resiste à mudança.

A diferença entre uma empresa com graus de liberdade e uma endividada só para se manter à tona.

Lembrei-me disto ao encontrar no Caderno De Economia do semanário Expresso de ontem uma entrevista, "Walburga Hemetsberger CEO da Solar Power Europe - É preciso investimento urgente nas redes". Uma das constatações que fiz este mês é que "descarbonização = nova electrificação".

Na quinta-feira de manhã no FT li "US auto salvage trade starts preparing for influx of battery-powered vehicles" sobre como os "sucateiros" de automóveis americanos se estão a preparar para o abate de carros eléctricos. Sublinhei:

"US salvage companies might learn from Norway, where nearly four in five new cars sold last year were electric, the highest share in the world. Tom Gronvold, chief executive at salvage company Gronvolds Bil-Demontering in the Scandinavian country, said the first electric wreck showed up at his yard eight years ago and they now constituted 12 to 15 per cent of his volume. His company advertised to find buyers for batteries that could be converted to power agricultural equipment or boats. EVs, with fewer moving parts, generally undergo less wear and tear than internal combustion vehicles. But Gronvold said they still generated demand for salvaged parts."

 Será interessante visitar a Noruega para perceber como será o futuro a nível de renováveis e de mobilidade eléctrica.

A actual rede eléctrica vai ter de sofrer uma revolução (por isso Walburga Hemetsberger diz ""Redes, redes, redes." É esta a resposta de Walburga Hemetsberger, presidente da associação Solar Power Europe, quando questionada sobre o que é preciso para acelerar a instalação de capacidade solar. "É preciso investimento urgente nas redes.") 

Pessoalmente teria preferido a versão inicial de um país como uma rede resiliente de miniparques fotovoltaicos, mas os "tubarões" conseguiram que a ideia dos megaparques triunfasse.

Uns em vez de pensar o futuro andam a conduzir empilhadores no armazém.

O futuro do protectorado, ou análise do contexto (parte IV)

Parte II e parte III.

No FT de ontem, "Germany calls for more immigrants to fix its shrinking economy":

"Companies are desperately looking for workers, craft businesses have to reject orders, and shops and restaurants have to limit their opening hours,” he said on Wednesday. “And it’s not just about skilled workers — we notice in every possible corner that we simply lack workers.

...

Germany's economy has contracted or stagnated for the past nine months and the IMF this week predicted it would be the worst-performing major economy this year, with output contracting 0.5 per cent before returning to tepid growth of 0.9 per cent in 2024."

Entretanto, Peter Zeihan na sua newsletter do passado dia 11, escreve "The End of Germany as a Modern Economy".

Qual o impacte desta evolução no contexto externo que afecta o protectorado de Portugal? Os "agarrados" que querem um PRR constante.

Análise do contexto (parte III)

 Os EUA estão a viver um boom industrial, com os investimentos em instalações de produção a atingirem um máximo histórico. Isto é alimentado por novas leis que oferecem subsídios e incentivos para a construção de fábricas de chips e fábricas de veículos elétricos. A Geórgia está a beneficiar enormemente deste boom, atraindo grandes investimentos de empresas como a Hyundai e a Rivian. No entanto, existem preocupações sobre a infra-estrutura e o impacto nas comunidades locais. Outros estados, como Ohio, também estão a ter um aumento no investimento em fábricas de veículos elétricos e de baterias. 

Fonte - "America's Factory Boom Brings Billion-Dollar Projects to Tiny Towns"

Análise do contexto (parte II)

Parte I.

Recordo também Outra vez o Karma

A partir deste mês, a Europa está a implementar a primeira taxa baseada no carbono, impondo um imposto sobre as importações com base nas emissões de carbono causadas pela indústria transformadora. Esta taxa terá inicialmente o maior impacto nos materiais industriais, mas empresas como a PepsiCo e a Davita alertaram que poderá eventualmente afetar os seus negócios. A União Europeia pretende incentivar mais países a reduzir as emissões e garantir que os fabricantes europeus permaneçam competitivos. Os impostos não serão cobrados até 2026, aumentando gradualmente até igualarem os preços do carbono da UE em 2034. Espera-se que esta taxa tenha um impacto significativo em indústrias como cimento, ferro e aço, alumínio, fertilizantes, eletricidade e hidrogénio.

Os impactes potenciais da taxa de carbono nas empresas podem variar. Inicialmente, indústrias como o cimento, o ferro e aço, o alumínio, os fertilizantes, a eletricidade e o hidrogénio serão as mais afetadas pela taxa. As empresas que operam nesses setores podem enfrentar um aumento de custos por causa dos  impostos sobre as emissões de carbono causadas pela produção. Isso pode levar a preços mais altos para produtos feitos com combustíveis fósseis, o que pode resultar em inflação.

""The consequences will be vast," wrote Elena Belletti, head of carbon research at energy research firm Wood Mackenzie, in a recent report. She thinks the rules will "reconfigure international trade flows" over the next five years, and potentially result in new carbon fees going into effect in more countries.

European policy makers say the system, known as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, has two goals: encouraging more countries to write laws that reduce emissions, and making sure that European manufacturers stay competitive with rivals operating in "dirtier" jurisdictions."

Por exemplo, para as empresas portuguesas que se lançaram na subcontratação no Brasil: 

"Chinese, Brazilian, and Indian officials have warned that it could upend free trade [Moi ici: O Brasil preocupado com o comércio livre, uma anedota]. The U.S. has reportedly asked for exemptions."

Trechos retirados de "A European Carbon Tax Is Coming. What It Means for the World." 

Aceitam-se apostas!

O candidato presidencial Mário Centeno está preocupado (no CM do passado dia 5:

"A menos de uma semana da apresentação do Orçamento do Estado para 2024, Centeno tocou o sinal de alarme para Fernando Medina ouvir.

"Desaceleração" é a palavra de ordem do governador do Banco de Portugal para o ministro das Finanças. Menos riqueza (2,1% do PIB para este ano, contra uma previsão de 2,7 em junho. E 1,5% para 2024 contra 2,4% em junho), menos investimento, menos consumo, menos exportações, mais inflação. "A desaceleração da economia é um fenómeno mais geral", afirmou Centeno, 

...

"A questão que se coloca é se o mercado de trabalho continuará a funcionar como um dique para conter tensões que se vão criando ou será a primeira peça do dominó a cair" disse, considerando que "quer as empresa, quer os trabalhadores, quer as decisões de política monetária e orçamental devem entender a importância desse fenómeno, respeitá-lo e garantir que esse dique não se rompa", diz o governador."

Entretanto, ontem no ECO, "Insolvências em Portugal sobem pelo quinto o mês seguido, com novo aumento de 7,3% em setembro". Ainda ontem, mas no JdN, "Juros altos vão matar «zombies". "E isso é bom"". 

- Hmmm!

Uns repetem o nosso mantra: Deixem as empresas morrer!

O que fará o governo quando as pernas começarem a tremer? Vamos para mais uma sessão no país do Chapeleiro Louco?

Aceitam-se apostas!

Análise do contexto (parte I)

O WSJ da passada sexta-feira abre o caderno "Business & Finance" com o artigo "MGM Resorts Said No to Ransom":

"MGM Resorts International refused to pay hackers' ransom demand in a September cyberattack that threw its Las Vegas Strip resorts into chaos and crippled its properties and technology nationwide, according to a person familiar with the matter.

Service disruptions from the attack and efforts to resolve the issue will cost the company more than $100 million in the third quarter, MGM said in a regulatory filing Thursday."

Depois, na página B4 do mesmo caderno encontro "Clorox Warns of Costs From Cyberattack":

"Clorox so far has spent $25 million to respond to a suspected ransomware attack, including hiring forensic investigators and legal and technology help. More cyber expenses are expected to arise in 2024, the company said." 

O que é que as PMEs portuguesas estão a fazer para se protegerem desta realidade? 

A velha estória da caneta

No WSJ da passada sexta-feira li "3M Innovation Suffers Dry Spell" de onde sublinhei:

"The 20th century belonged to the unruly minds at 3M.

From its early days, the American manufacturing giant gave its researchers a long leash to chase ideas, many to dead-ends. The hits, though, were indelible: Scotch tape. Masking tape. Videotape. Post-it Notes. N95 masks. Artificial turf. Heart medication. 

3M patented adhesives and abrasives, as well as proprietary coatings and films that reflect light, repel water and insulate against cold and heat-materials at the heart of highway signs, weatherproof windows and stain-resistant clothing and carpets. Its optical film brightened the screens of millions of laptops, smartphones and flat-screen TVs. A cautious air has since settled on the 3M headquarters and research campus in Maplewood, Minn., dampening the restless ambition that built the company, according to some investors and company veterans. There are fewer new products and fewer still have been blockbusters, a dry spell that couldn't have arrived at a worse time.

...

Current and former scientists say the strategy makes it more difficult for fresh ideas to survive a gantlet of management naysayers. For decades, 3M released a cascade of new items on the market, confident most would be profitable and a few would become indispensable. The company has retreated from its traditional goal of earning around 30% of revenue from new products.

"Senior management has deluded themselves into thinking they can pick winners and losers, when in reality we need to generate more products so we can get into test markets to see what works," said Robert Asmus, a former 3M healthcare scientist and member of the Carlton Society, the company's highest honor for science and engineering.

...

3M's innovation principles took shape more than a century ago under William McKnight, who grew up as a farm boy in South Dakota.

McKnight joined 3M as an assistant bookkeeper a few years after its founding in 1902 and became its president. He helped guide the company from a sandpaper maker to a manufacturer of thousands of industrial, automotive and home products. Though McKnight began his career at the dawn of the assembly line era, he believed in worker autonomy and initiative. "Mistakes will be made, but if the man is essentially right himself, I think the mistakes he makes are not so serious in the long run as the mistakes management makes if it is dictatorial," he said, according to a company history. He instituted what became known as the McKnight principles. One of them allowed researchers to spend 15% of their time on projects unrelated to their everyday tasks even if managers disapproved. The principles championed collaboration, encouraging researchers to share findings. The Post-it Note came about after scientist Art Fry, bedeviled by paper bookmarks falling out of his church hymnal, remembered a semi-sticky adhesive discussed at a company seminar. The product was an instant success after it hit stores in 1980.

...

Rob Kieschke, a former research director who left the company last year, said 3M's weakening position in the smartphone display market is a symptom of its troubles. Researchers are encouraged to pursue incremental improvements to existing products rather than novel, swing-for the fences breakthroughs.

"If you start forcing people to eliminate risk, then all you end up doing is what has been done before or what everyone else is doing," said Kieschke, who contributed to more than 20 patents.

3M said it balances work between improving products and creating new ones.

Kieschke and others said the company still feels the influence of prior leaders such as James McNerney, a former General Electric executive who served four years as CEO in the early 2000s. McNerney installed "Six Sigma," a regimen used at GE to measure and standardize business practices but loathed by 3M researchers as a creativity killer. [Moi ici: Aqui o anónimo da província não se deixou enganar]

Under Inge Thulin, who held the CEO job from 2012 to 2018, 3M more than doubled its dividend and spent billions on share buybacks. Research spending went up modestly during that period. Even so, Thulin told investors in 2016 that he wanted higher R&D productivity. 3M makes big investments, he said, "we also expect big returns." Neither McNerney nor Thulin could be reached for comment.

...

Such projects have kept talent flowing into 3M, which hires about 40 Ph.D. scientists a year into its corporate labs. Not all of them stay, including Ben Mac Murray, who joined the company in 2018 with a doctorate in materials science and engineering from Cornell University.

He became part of a group working on 3-D printing and was impressed with 3M's capabilities. Yet he felt the pace of product development was too slow. In 2021, he left to work at materials-science company Interfacial, which he said was "quicker in general from idea to product.""

É como uma doença que se apanhou, ao misturar 6 sigma com inovação, e da qual é muito dificil recuperar. Tempo de repensar a melhoria contínua

"A saída do país já não é uma fuga, é uma ambição"

"Os últimos indicadores sinalizam esse aumento da emigração qualificada. É uma 'fuga de cérebros, como no passado?

- Não, o que temos hoje é uma coisa diferente e não vai ter a escala que teve no passado. Há, nas pessoas e nos grupos com que trabalho, um sentimento geral de que esta saída do país já não é uma fuga mas uma ambição, sobretudo dos mais jovens, de criar novos mundos e somar experiências de desenvolvimento profissional, motivados também por programas como o Erasmus que ainda na universidade estimulam esta visão transformadora. Ou seja, já não é a emigração que antes conhecíamos, exclusivamente movida pela necessidade e pela falta de oportunidades no país."

Trecho retirado de ""A saída do país já não é uma fuga, é uma ambição"" publicado no caderno de Economia do semanário Expresso desta semana.

Cortar impostos? Uma heresia!

"The Iowa Governor has made her state a model of good tax policy, and she says she’s only getting started.

Ms. Reynolds said last week that Iowa wrapped up its fiscal year with a surplus of $1.83 billion. That may sound small compared with overgrown blue-state budgets, but it's about 22% of what the Hawkeye State spent in 2023. It's also the third surplus in a row in the Governor's tenure.

These results have followed significant tax cuts that have helped the state's economy. Since revenue surged during the pandemic recovery in 2021, Ms. Reynolds and the GOP Legislature have cut the state's individual income tax rates. The top rate has dropped to 6% from 8.53% since 2022, and it is scheduled to drop to a flat 3.9% rate by 2026.

Iowa's top corporate tax rate next year will drop to 7.1% from 9.8% in 2022, and it is scheduled to fall to 5.5% if the state keeps hitting its revenue targets. For property owners, the Legislature this year capped the annual increase in assessed value, reducing local tax collections by about $100 million.

Ms. Reynolds connected these dots when she announced the budget surplus last week. "We've seen what the powerful combination of growth-oriented policies and fiscal restraint can create," she said in a statement. Income, corporate and franchise-tax receipts rose by about $500 million from 2021 to 2022 after the tax cuts.

Crucially, state spending has grown modestly since 2021, despite annual increases in per pupil school funding. Steady job growth has pushed the state's unemployment rate down to 2.9%. Now the Governor wants to raise her bet on this winning formula. "My goal is to get to zero individual income-tax rate by the end of this second term" in 2027, she said.

...

The Iowa tax experience belies the claims of the left that cutting taxes produces deficits. In Iowa the tax cuts have helped to produce record surpluses that then can be used to cut incometax rates further. Ms. Reynolds has also shown that you can cut rates across the board, even at the top, and succeed politically. The GOP presidential candidates could stand to ask her for a few tax-cutting pointers."

Trechos retirados do WSJ do passado dia 4 em "Iowa's Tax-Cut Triumph".

Todos nascidos do mesmo caldo

Mais uma evidência de que os políticos não são nem mais nem menos do que o povo que pastoreiam. Os políticos são uma emanação do povo. BTW, como disse Joaquim Aguiar esta semana, as pessoas se estivessem no lugar dos ministros do PS faziam o mesmo. Por isso, não se escandalizam.

No FT de ontem li "Chief executives really need to lengthen their attention spans":

"Chief executives like to think they aim high. "Go big or go home" and similar slogans gained currency late in the last century and still capture the imagination today.

Yet many US corporate chiefs have actually prioritised the opposite approach for much of that time: they put more emphasis on hitting near-term earnings targets at the expense of spending on long-term success.

That is almost certainly a mistake. Studies by McKinsey, the CFA Institute and others consistently show that companies that invest less in long-term growth relative to their peers end up underperforming over the medium or long haul. The bonus is largest for companies that continue to invest during difficult periods.

...

Last year, investment time horizons for the world's biggest public companies fell to five years, the shortest since the thinktank FCLT began crunching data in 2009 on what companies do with their earnings.

At the same time, investor time horizons rose slightly to 5.45 years. For the first time since at least the financial crisis, chief executives had shorter attention spans than the shareholders they work for.

...

Instead, corporate time horizons have dropped 25 per cent in a decade, and top executives aren't sticking around to see the results of their choices. Chief executive tenure in the S&P 500 has dropped 20 per cent since 2013, to 4.8 years.

...

Even worse, half of them said they were meeting near-term earnings targets by cutting areas that they considered long-term priorities. "CFOs have to balance protecting value, optimising earnings and long-term growth. When you have uncertain economic conditions they revert to short-term," says EY partner Myles Corson.

Too many corporate pay plans still emphasise current earnings and share prices, say governance experts, and some boards have further weakened the ties to long-term growth by tying pay to fluffy qualitative measures."

Recordo uma conversa onde se discutia quem geria melhor, os gestores do estado ou os gestores das empresas particulares. Num mercado saudável, sem cronyismo, os gestores das empresas particulares são rapidamente punidos, a menos que aleguem Halzheimer, mas os do estado ... essa é a diferença: punição versus mais impostos. 

"Os Anos do Absurdo" (parte II)

 Há dias escrevi sobre o tempo que vivemos e como pode ser apelidado de “Os anos do absurdo”.

Por exemplo, conciliar o querer um novo aeroporto em Lisboa, quando ao mesmo tempo se está contra o consumo de combustíveis fósseis, quando ao mesmo tempo se está contra o excesso de turismo, quando ao mesmo tempo se está contra a gentrificação.

Hoje o JdN traz um conjunto de entrevistas com responsáveis de associações empresariais. Um tema recorrente entre os vários entrevistados, e que é sintoma de mais um absurdo que os jornalistas são incapazes de questionarem, é o tema do sector que “bomba”, do sector que tem falta de trabalhadores, mas ao mesmo tempo não consegue acumular capital.

Não há ninguém que se questione como é que a maioria das empresas num sector económico estão cheias de trabalho e, no entanto, não ganham dinheiro?

Como é que se consegue ser competitivo? 

Pelo preço ou pelo valor. Quando só se consegue ser competitivo pelo preço e não se ganha escala, porque não faz sentido, porque não é possível, o resultado garantido é o empobrecimento. O sucesso comercial não se traduz em sucesso financeiro. Assim, até se podem pagar os custos do passado, mas não se conseguem pagar os custos do futuro. 

Costa disse que a realidade anda mais depressa que a capacidade do governo legislar. Isso fez-me lembrar os ciclos viciosos que se autocatalizam. Já aqui relacionei esta situação com o esquema Ponzi invertido, os clientes actuais são servidos à custa dos clientes futuros, até que deixa de ser possível manter o esquema.

There will be turbulence

"While small changes in technology can fundamentally alter the balance of power, trying to predict exactly how, decades into the future, is incredibly difficult. Exponential technologies amplify everyone and everything. And that creates seemingly contradictory trends. Power is both concentrated and dispersed. Incumbents are both strengthened and weakened. Nation-states are both more fragile and at greater risk of slipping into abuses of unchecked power.

Recall that growing access to power means everyone’s power will be amplified. In the coming decades, historical patterns will play out once again, new centers will form, new infrastructures develop, new forms of governance and social organization emerge. At the same time, existing loci of power will be amplified in unpredictable ways. Sometimes, when one reads about technology, there is a heady sense that it will sweep away all that has come before, that no older businesses or institutions will survive the whirlwind. I don’t think that’s true; some will be swept away, but many will be augmented. Television can broadcast the revolution, but it can also help erase it. Technologies can reinforce social structures, hierarchies, and regimes of control as well as upend them.

In the resulting turbulence, without a major shift in focus, many open democratic states face a steady decay of their institutional foundations, a withering of legitimacy and authority. This is a circular dynamic of technology spreading and power shifting, which undermines the foundations, dents the capacity to rein it in, and so leads to further spread. At the same time, authoritarian states are given a potent new arsenal of repression.

The nation-state will be subject to massive centrifugal and centripetal forces, centralization and fragmentation. It’s a fast track to chaos, calling into question who makes decisions and how; how those decisions are executed, by whom, when, and where, pressurizing those delicate balances and accommodations toward the breaking point. This recipe for turbulence will create epic new concentrations and dispersals of power, splintering the state from above and below. It will ultimately cast doubt on the viability of some nations altogether."

Trecho retirado de "The Coming Wave" de Mustafa Suleyman e Michael Bhaskar.

"The coming wave of contradictions"

Um tema interessante retirado de "The Coming Wave" de Mustafa Suleyman e Michael Bhaskar, "The coming wave of contradictions":

"If centralization and decentralization sound as if they are in direct contradiction, that's with good reason: they are. Understanding the future means handling multiple conflicting trajectories at once. The coming wave launches immense centralizing and decentralizing riptides at the same time. Both will be in play at once. Every individual, every business, every church, every nonprofit, every nation, will eventually have its own AI and ultimately its own bio and robotics capability. From a single individual on their sofa to the world's largest organizations, each AI will aim to achieve the goals of its owner. Herein lies the key to understanding the coming wave of contradictions. a wave full of collisions.

Each new formulation of power will offer a different vision of delivering public goods, or propose a different way to make products or a different set of religious beliefs to evangelize. AI systems already make critical decisions with overt political implications: who receives a loan, a job, a place at college, parole; who gets seen by a senior physician. Within the decade Als will decide how public money gets spent, where military forces are assigned, decentralizing ways. An Al might, for example, operate as one massive, state-spanning system, a single general-purpose utility governing hundreds of millions. Equally we will also have vastly capable systems, available at low cost, open-source, highly adapted, catering to a village.

Multiple ownership structures will exist in tandem: technology democratized in open-source collectives, the products of today's corporate leaders or insurgent blitz-scaling start-ups, and government held, whether through nationalization or in-house nurturing. All will coexist and coevolve, and everywhere they will alter, magnify, produce, and disrupt flows and networks of power.

Where and how the forces play out will vary dramatically according to existing social and political factors. This should not be an oversimplified picture, and there will be numerous points of resistance and adaptation not obvious in advance. Some sectors or regions will go one way, some the other, some will see powerful contortions of both. Some hierarchies and social structures will be reinforced, others overturned; some places may become more equal or authoritarian, others much less so. In all cases, the additional stress and volatility, the unpredictable amplification of power, the wrenching disruption of radical new centers of capability, will further stress the foundation of the liberal democratic nation-state system.

And if this picture sounds too strange, paradoxical, and impossible, consider this. The coming wave will only deepen and recapitulate the exact same contradictory dynamics of the last wave. The internet does precisely this: centralizes in a few key hubs while also empowering billions of people. It creates behemoths and yet gives everyone the opportunity to join in. Social media created a few giants and a million tribes. Everyone can build a website, but there's only one Google. Everyone can sell their own niche products, but there's only one Amazon. And on and on. The disruption of the internet era is largely explained by this tension, this potent, combustible brew of empowerment and control."

"Do not play a strictly dominated strategy"

O JN do passado Sábado trouxe-me duas estórias que me recordaram o tema da pedofilia empresarial.

Primeira estória:

"Empresa criada para fornecer Yazaki protesta contra rescisão

OVAR Uma empresa que diz ter sido criada a pedido da Yazaki Saltano para abastecer em exclusivo essa fabricante de componentes automóveis protestou ontem junto à fábrica de Ovar dessa multinacional, criticando a rescisão "desumana" que obriga a despedimento coletivo. Em causa está a Jorge M. Barros Gomes (JG) que, criada há mais de 20 anos em Oliveira de Azeméis, fica agora sem trabalho para os seus 27 funcionários. A direção da Yazaki Saltano declara que a cessação do contrato com a JG se verificou "de acordo com o que foi estritamente estipulado entre as partes" e que o serviço antes requisitado foi alocado a "serviços internos"."

Segunda estória: 

"CRISE A União das Adegas Cooperativas do Douro (Uniadegas) apelou ao Governo para que crie um mecanismo que valha a estas unidades, num ano em que estão a ser confrontadas com a entrada anormal de uvas. A situação decorre da falta de interesse de muitas empresas produtoras de vinho por terem ainda grandes stocks em armazém. Sem mais onde entregar, os viticultores estão a levar toda a produção para as cooperativas, criando dificuldades de funcionamento e de armazenagem.

Perante a realidade deste ano, Ilídio Santos, presidente da Uniadegas, destaca que as cooperativas estão " cheias de uvas e de solidariedade". Explica que em anos de escassez, "os agricultores costumam aproveitar boas propostas de empresas privadas, vendem algumas quantidades de uvas e só o resto é que vai para a cooperativa. Em anos como este, vai tudo para a adega"." 

Lidamos com adultos ou com crianças? 

Como não recordar:

"Lesson #1: Do not play a strictly dominated strategy meu Deus, tantas empresas que violam esta primeira lição para viverem em sobressalto permanente, em recuo permanente, tempo emprestado. Teimam em desempenhar o papel de formigas num piquenique"

 

A receita irlandesa na Grécia

O New York Times de ontem trazia na capa da secção "Business" o título de um artigo com várias páginas "A New Era of Prosperity for Greece - The local economy is booming, but memories of crises and austerity measures have not faded."

Eu há anos que suspeito que a Grécia é o país do Sul da Europa menos mal governado. No entanto, ao olhar para este título não pude deixar de sentir uns sinais de cinismo. Aposto que outros olham para os números da macroeconomia portuguesa e acham que o país está muito bem, mas depois os que por cá vivem e não podem fazer by-pass ao estado, apanham com o deslaçamento desse mesmo estado com um SNS, uma educação, uma justiça, ... que não funcionam.

Depois da leitura do artigo fiquei um pouco mais optimista acerca do futuro da Grécia. Porquê? Por causa da receita irlandesa. Recordar Números preocupantes.

"The economy is growing at twice the eurozone average, and unemployment, while still high at 11 percent, is the lowest in over a decade. Tourists have returned in droves, fueling a construction frenzy and new jobs. Multinational companies, like Microsoft and Pfizer, are investing.

...

Investors are jumping in. Microsoft is building a €1 billion data center east of Athens. Farther north, Pfizer is anchoring a €650 million research hub. American, Chinese and European companies are pitching renewable-energy deals. And investments by Cisco, JPMorgan, Meta and other multinationals are projected to have an impact worth billions of euros over the next few years."

BTW, os salários dos funcionários públicos vão subir pela primeira vez desde o corte de 20% aquando do "PEC IV".

Outra vez o Karma

Há uma semana escrevi sobre o Karma.

Ontem no FT, "Non-European companies need not fear carbon border tax":

"The EU has long been at the forefront of global efforts to fight climate change. In particular, we have been pioneers when it comes to carbon pricing: the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) has been operating for close to two decades. This Sunday, we will begin to implement another groundbreaking measure that will over time extend the same pricing principles to all carbon-intensive products sold on the EU market, wherever in the world they originate.

...

The EU is introducing CBAM in a gradual manner. For a transitional phase running until the end of 2025, EU importers of CBAM goods - steel, iron, aluminium, cement, hydrogen, fertilisers and electricity - from non-EU countries will only need to provide data on the carbon intensity of their products.

EU measures aim to encourage industry globally to embrace greener technologies

Then, starting in 2026, companies will begin buying and surrendering BAM certificates based on the carbon footprint of their imports. Payments under BAM will be phased in over a decade until 2035."

A EU exporta mais do que importa. O que impede outros países e blocos económicos de criarem mecanismos de "retaliação"? Uma UE envelhecida precisa de exportar, mais do que importar.

Lembro-me, por exemplo, das campanhas do calçado para exportar para os Estados Unidos ou para a Coreia do Sul.

"Os Anos do Absurdo"

Um dia os historiadores vão olhar para estes tempos e apelidá-los não de "Roaring Twenties" mas de "Os Anos do Absurdo".

Enquanto o partido no poder se entretém com "Francisco César: "Um bom resultado orçamental não é um excedente orçamental".

Na capa do FT de hoje pode ler-se:

"Italian 10-year government bond yields rose as much as 0.17 percentage points to 4.96 per cent, their highest in a decade, after Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni's government raised its fiscal deficit targets and cut growth forecast for this year and next. The yield later fell back to 4.88 per cent."

E também, "German 10-year bond yield hits 12-year high as prices slump".

Na segunda-feira fui a Bragança em trabalho. Como tinha um problema de tempo tive de ir de carro, ao contrário da habitual camioneta. Por curiosidade, no Domingo à noite fui ás páginas da FlixBus e da Rede Expresso ver se podia comprar bilhete para a camioneta das 6h00. Para meu espanto, ambas as viagens estavam esgotadas. Há um ano apenas, chegava aquela rua antiga nas traseiras da Praça D. João I no Porto, e comprava o bilhete na hora sem problemas.

Ao almoço em Bragança, contei esta estória, como exemplo das mudanças subterrâneas que estão em curso no Portugal de hoje e que não aparecem na espuma das notícias dos dias que correm.

Portanto, a preocupação dos alucinados que tomam conta do asilo é que a consequência do saque fiscal seja um superavit, enquanto o custo do dinheiro está a ir por aí acima.

Agradeço ao Camilo Lourenço ter-me alertado para a evolução do custo do dinheiro para os alemães.

Curiosidade do dia

 

A dolorosa transição ao vivo e a cores

O FT de ontem trazia um delicioso artigo sobre a mudança no Japão, e a falta dela no nosso país, "Japan chip plant sends 'shock' through economy".

O artigo refere o impacte da instalação de uma fábrica de chips da Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company numa região longe das grandes metrópoles, na ilha de Kikuyo nos arrabaldes da prefeitura de Kumamoto.

E a pensar no que aqui costumo escrever sobre a necessidade de investimento directo estrangeiro para nos ajudar a dar saltos de produtividade e romper com redes de compadrio:

"The changes in Kumamoto also offer a microcosm of the broader challenges for Asia's most advanced economy after a long period of stagnant growth and employee wages. From a severe labour shortage to infrastructure constraints, TSMC's arrival is forcing Japan to confront problems that have been simmering for years.

"We call it the TSMC shock, but I think this is a huge opportunity to change the structure of Japanese society and economy," said Kazufumi Onishi, mayor of the city of Kumamoto. "To put it another way, we need this kind of shock to change.""

Agora o impacte nos salários, no emprego (o efeito Flying Geese):

"TSMC posted job adverts in the spring for engineers, offering monthly wages roughly a third higher than the average for college graduates at local manufacturing companies. Its plant in Kumamoto is expected to create 1,700 high-tech professional jobs.

TSMC said salaries were benchmarked against those at similar technology companies to be competitive, adding that it was confident Japan would provide "outstanding recruits". 

...

But for local businesses, the sudden boost in wages sparked by TSMC has accelerated a trend for younger employees to switch jobs more frequently to seek higher pay and better working conditions amid a shortage of workers. [Moi ici: Quem diria... *alerta de ironia]

Minimum wages in Kumamoto are among the lowest in Japan, and about 40 per cent of its high school graduates seek jobs elsewhere.[Moi ici: Onde é que nós estamos habituados a ver isto na Europa?]

Kongo, a Kumamoto-based manufacturer of storage systems, has lost about 5 per cent of its 300 workers over the past year, some to TSMC and other semiconductor-related companies.

"It's easy to blame TSMC when our employees change jobs," said Toshihiko Tanaka, chief executive of Kongo, who is also chair of the Kumamoto Industrial Federation. "But the movement of employees is an inevitable trend and we need to change our mindset to focus on how we can raise the performance of each individual as our workforce shrinks.""[Moi ici: Se fosse por cá estaria a ouvir um pedido de apoio qualquer, afinal estamos no país do Chapeleiro Louco. Este choque para as empresas incumbentes é a tal dolorosa transição que tem de ocorrer para se passar ao nível seguinte da produtividade]

" inherently unpredictable, exceptionally open, and growing fast"

A propósito dos que concordam que os governos assumam os custos da inovação tecnológica à custa do saque fiscal:

"Even in hardware the path toward AI was impossible to predict. GPUs—graphics processing units—are a foundational part of modern AI. But they were first developed to deliver ever more realistic graphics in computer games. In an illustration of the omni-use nature of technology, fast parallel processing for flashy graphics turned out to be perfect for training deep neural networks. It’s ultimately luck that demand for photorealistic gaming meant companies like NVIDIA invested so much into making better hardware, and that this then adapted so well to machine learning. (NVIDIA wasn’t complaining; its share price rose 1,000 percent in the five years after AlexNet.)

If you were looking to monitor and direct AI research in the past, you would likely have got it wrong, blocking or boosting work that eventually proved irrelevant, entirely missing the most important breakthroughs quietly brewing on the sidelines. Science and technology research is inherently unpredictable, exceptionally open, and growing fast. Governing or controlling it is therefore immensely difficult."

Trecho retirado de "The Coming Wave" de Mustafa Suleyman e Michael Bhaskar.

Vantagem competitiva, capital intelectual externo e Mongo

Ontem, aproveitando uma viagem de ida e volta a Bragança iniciei a escuta do livro "The Coming Wave" de Mustafa Suleyman e Michael Bhaskar.

A certa altura, já no regresso fixei este trecho tão ao jeito de Mongo:

“The field of systems biology aims to understand the “larger picture” of a cell, tissue, or organism by using bioinformatics and computational biology to see how the organism works holistically; such efforts could be the foundation for a new era of personalized medicine. Before long the idea of being treated in a generic way will seem positively medieval; everything, from the kind of care we receive to the medicines we are offered, will be precisely tailored to our DNA and specific biomarkers. Eventually, it might be possible to reconfigure ourselves to enhance our immune responses. That, in turn, might open the door to even more ambitious experimentation like longevity and regenerative technologies, already a burgeoning area of research.” 

Ao ouvir isto pensei logo no que pode tornar obsoleta a indústria farmacêutica tal como a conhecemos. E foi então que a imagem de Roger Martin, "For me, the metaphor for competitive advantage is a long row of rooms. In this conception, every company, at any given point in time, exists in a room of its own making", publicada ontem no blogue me assaltou. Quando aqui escrevo sobre a importância do investimento directo estrangeiro, estou na verdade a abordar a possibilidade de capital intelectual vindo de fora permitir unidades de negócio que dão saltos na sequência da "row of rooms"

O que é uma vantagem competitiva?

"For me, the metaphor for competitive advantage is a long row of rooms. In this conception, every company, at any given point in time, exists in a room of its own making. The room is defined by the set of questions on which the company is working — and that set of questions is, in turn, defined by what the company understands about the market in which it competes. It understands things about the customers it serves, the technologies it uses, the competitors it faces, the industry in which it operates, etc. That causes it to work on projects and initiatives about which it currently knows. It competes on bases that it knows. It can’t work on things about which it doesn’t know because it can’t pose questions about things it doesn’t realize exist.


But in due course, working diligently on those questions in that room will bring about insights which will allow the company to move through a thick curtain to the next room. In that new room, it has access to questions that only became obvious to the company after it has contemplated and answered the previous questions. There is no other way into that room but through the curtain.

...

It is not easy. You can’t get into the next room just because you want to be there. You have to be thorough and conceptual about your business. You have to answer the questions in your room to get clues about the nature of the questions in the next. That means being endlessly curious about your business — the customers, the technologies, the anomalies, the outliers. Have urgency because it is competitive life or death. If competitors get into the next room before you do, it can be deadly. 

...

Be very deliberate about the questions you ask about your business. Invest heavily in the activity. Never just do. Do and reflect. Ask yourself, how can I ask more sophisticated questions about my business?

...

The goal is to acquire clues as to what is the next set of questions, because when you figure out what those questions are, you can slip through the curtains to the next room. And as long as you are in that room, you have a monumentally valuable lead in the ability to answer the next questions, and get through the next curtains, and so on. If you see any competitor appearing to ask questions that you are not yet asking, that is your signal that you better start understanding those questions because it is a threat to your survival. If they get to operate in the next room before you, it could be all over.

Always think about advantage as ever-evolving. It isn’t a moat. If you think it is, you won’t focus enough on the next room. And the advantage of always being in the next room is truly powerful — a truly renewable resource that is well worth pursuing."

Excelente reflexão de Roger Martin acerca do que é a vantagem competitiva em "What Strategy Questions are You Asking?" 

Bêábá da produtividade sob o prisma de um árbitro estrangeiro

Esta semana no WSJ um artigo com o bêábá da produtividade, mas que seria útil ser distribuído por muita gente neste país.

"Pay is ultimately tied to productivity: the quantity and quality of products a company’s workforce churns out. And here, American manufacturing companies and workers are in trouble. The issue isn’t with labor-intensive products such as clothing and furniture, which largely moved offshore long ago. Rather, it’s in the most advanced products: electric cars and batteries, power-generation equipment, commercial aircraft and semiconductors.

...

Yes, American companies still lead the world in design and innovation, but the resulting products increasingly are made abroad, especially in Asia. Biden, like former President Donald Trump before him, wants to reverse this, through tariffs, subsidies and other government interventions. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and especially China certainly intervened plenty to help their manufacturers. 

But attributing manufacturing performance to government policies alone is dangerous; it underplays how far Asian manufacturers have come in cost and quality and how far their American counterparts have slipped.

...

To say American workers aren’t productive enough isn’t to say it’s their fault; after all, productivity depends on a multitude of factors beyond the workers, including management decisions, the supply chain, public infrastructure and regulation.

...

Warehouses and hospitals can pass the cost of higher wages and reduced hours to customers without being undercut by foreign competitors. Manufacturers don’t have that luxury. That’s why Detroit is recoiling at the UAW’s demands. While their output per employee is among the highest of 11 global manufacturers ranked by consultants AlixPartners, so are their costs per vehicle. The lowest cost: China’s. 

Labor presents problems other than just cost, such as the shortage of skilled workers. “They find desirable candidates, they hire them, they train them, they don’t retain them,” said Jim Schmidt, an automotive expert at consultants Oliver Wyman. “A lot of the younger workforce doesn’t want to do that type of work.” For some, absenteeism is another problem."

Trechos retirados de "American Labor’s Real Problem: It Isn’t Productive Enough" 

Cuidado com o karma...

Já por várias vezes escrevi aqui no blogue sobre o perigo que vejo na aposta da redução das importações. Recordo: Acerca de custos de oportunidade.

Já agora, também recordo o perigo do karma, quando esquecemos de calçar os sapatos dos outros: Karma is a bitch!!! Ou os jogadores de bilhar amador no poder!

Ontem encontrei "Portugal Sou Eu assume “forcing especial” para substituir importações na indústria" e sublinhei:

"Além dos consumidores, que foram o foco nos primeiros anos, também quer sensibilizar as empresas para a escolha de produtos e serviços portugueses no seu consumo de bens intermédios, pois “o que tem acontecido é que aumentam as exportações, mas aumentam proporcionalmente as importações de matérias-primas e bens intermédios”. “Neste momento, o programa está a fazer um forcing especial junto das empresas, associando-se ao grande desafio ambiental de dissociar o crescimento económico do maior consumo de recursos”, adianta o presidente da AEP.

E sendo a indústria transformadora, que é precisamente a que tem maior representatividade no Portugal Sou Eu, um dos setores com elevada incorporação de consumo de bens intermédios, acrescenta Luís Miguel Ribeiro, eleito em junho para um novo mandato à frente da associação patronal nortenha, “existe aqui um elevado potencial para a promoção da economia circular, a redução das importações e, por consequência, uma melhoria do saldo externo do país e o aumento do PIB” nacional."

Queremos aumentar as exportações e reduzir as importações... por que é que os outros países não hão-de querer fazer o mesmo? Cuidado com o karma...