Acerca da boa comunicação.

 Não esquecer a má, ainda do Capítulo 10 do livro “Cracked It! How to solve big problems and sell solutions like top strategy consultants:” 

"people can better understand and remember a set of ideas if they can mentally organize these ideas around a coherent pattern or logical structure.

...

To understand other people's thoughts and be convinced of what they are telling us, we must "see" how their ideas are connected in a recognizable structure. The tighter the connections and the simpler the structure-the stronger the coherence-the more convincing the story.

For business recommendations, [Barbara] Minto argues that the most efficient communication structure is a top -down pyramid that starts with communicating the core message-the "governing thought" —head-on, and then turns to a "key line" of arguments that support it, while also announcing the plan of the report. The core message must jump off the page immediately and pave the way for the later points that collectively justify or detail it. If you adopt this pyramidal communication strategy, the audience will see the big picture first and realize that all the ideas fit in a simple and visible pattern. This will free their minds and make them receptive to the core message and the overall content.

...

Pave the Way for a Dialogue 

Stating the governing thought and the main points of your presentation from the get-go is critical to selling your solution effectively. Having a relevant core message isn't enough. It must also be concise and set a clear direction. Because you begin with it, you can't prepare your audience for it, so you can be sure it will trigger questions. You might think it's safer and more logical to keep the core message for the end, as a conclusive punchline that closes your narrative. We strongly disagree. While you save a punchline for the end of a speech to wrap it up, you state a governing thought from the get-go to pave the way for a dialogue in which you will answer the audience's questions. A governing thought sets direction, like a keynote in music or a compass in navigation. Use your core message as a governing thought that drives a conversation with the problem owner, instead of using it as a punchline that puts an end to this conversation.

...

Using the pyramid principle to develop an elevator pitch means you must formulate your core message concisely and be able to answer in a few words the first questions that come to the mind of the problem owner. Broadly speaking, these questions typically belong to two categories: "why" and "how" questions. You'll be asked a "why" question if the problem owner remains unconvinced about your solution. You'll be asked a "how" question if she's convinced but wants to know more about how to implement the recommendation. The key line that supports the governing thought must contain the answers to these "why" and "how" questions."

Ainda esta semana tive a experiência de perder 55 minutos numa apresentação e só nos últimos 5 minutos aparecer a mensagem essencial.

Costa e a parte III de: não é impunemente

Mais umas notas retiradas do livro “Cracked It! How to solve big problems and sell solutions like top strategy consultants,” agora do Capítulo V.

 "Fourth, hypothesis-driven thinking can lead you to communicate the solution before solving the problem. Part of the appeal of a hypothesis pyramid is that its logic is the same as the structure of a story that sells the candidate solution. But this confusion creates risks. Would you want to see the same thinking in the White House's situation room as in its press room? In the situation room, the focus is (or should be) on finding the best solution to deal with a crisis. In the press room, the press secretary sells the solution to the press corps and the world. Identifying candidate solutions based only on what can be sold to an audience is dangerous. [...] [Moi ici: O que fazem os políticos actuais?]

Finally, hypothesis-driven problem structuring can lead to the solution confirmation pitfall. A hypothesis that looks sensible can lead problem solvers to be more inclined to search for and be receptive to information that confirms it rather than information that disconfirms their belief in its soundness. Even the most experienced problem solvers can fall into this trap—the more experienced and successful they are, the greater the repertoire of cases in their mental libraries, the more likely they are to trust their instincts, increasing the risk of confirmation bias." [Moi ici: Não é impunemente que se adquire experiência]

 

Acerca da má comunicação.

"Don't Tell the Story of the Search, Tell the Story of the Solution

...

A major flaw in the memo is that this message is not readily apparent. It’s buried near the end. We had to wait until the second-to-last paragraph to know the punch line. Aspiring journalists are told: “don’t bury the lede.” The lede (or “lead”) is the most important part of the story being told, which should be concisely stated up front. 

...

The underlying flaw is typical: the writer is reporting his problem-solving process instead of explaining the recommendation and its rationale to the problem owner. The memo reads like an issue tree, not a recommendation for action. The writer starts by stating the problem, then covers the way he structured it, the analyses he performed and their results, without explaining how any of it supports the core message.

...

This mistake is pervasive. Because we've spent so much time engaged in the problem-solving process, it becomes the de facto structure we use to articulate our solution. We may also be keen to demonstrate to the problem owner the hard work we've done and explain the difficult steps we went through to arrive at the solution we are presenting. It's tempting to tell the story of the search instead of telling the story of the solution.

This is, however, an ineffective approach to selling a solution. Decision-makers aren't like readers of crime novels, who enjoy identifying with the detective and his erratic thought process, and revel in waiting to find out whodunit. They don't want you to bury your core message in adventurous twists and turns. They aren't interested in hearing about the clever and challenging analyses you performed if this doesn't help sell your solution. They just want to hear your recommendation and be able to determine whether they agree with it and the reasoning behind it. They need a clear and compelling story that persuades them to buy what you're pitching."

Trechos retirados do Capítulo 10 do livro “Cracked It! How to solve big problems and sell solutions like top strategy consultants.” 

"Lives of quiet desperation" (parte V)

 Parte IV, Parte III, Parte II e Parte I.

E foram preciso quase quatro anos para se instalar alguma racionalidade económica, "Efacec vai abandonar áreas de negócio não rentáveis e pondera despedimento coletivo", entretanto torraram-se mais uns milhões em impostos.

Pobre vida de saxão...

AI e KPIs

Na semana passada estava numa reunião atolado numa discussão sobre um indicador de desempenho para um processo. Abstraí-me da reunião por uns momentos, copiei o texto da finalidade do processo e perguntei ao ChatGPT que indicadores me sugeria. Ofereceu-me doze indicadores. Escolhi três e apresentei-os aos participantes na reunião. 

A discussão voltou a engrenar e dois dos três indicadores foram revistos e aprovados.

Entretanto, ontem de manhã cedo encontrei este tweet:

According to new @mitsmr research, organizations that use AI to improve existing KPIs or create new ones realize more business benefits than organizations that adjust their KPIs without AI.

The research identified three ways to enhance strategic metrics with AI:
1) Improve… pic.twitter.com/L7ToP88jJ9

— Brian Solis (@briansolis) March 18, 2024

Eis as minhas notas de The Future of Strategic Measurement: Enhancing KPIs With Al:

"Executives who recognize the power and potential of Al-enabled KPIs acknowledge that their current KPI design and review practices are anachronistic. More and more companies are rising to this challenge by embedding governance processes and functions to oversee KPI development. KPI governance mechanisms that maintain

...

A common corporate objective is to improve KPIs over time. Our research shows that using Al is one of the most effective ways to enhance KPIs.

...

Six out of 10 survey respondents agree that improving their KPIs (in terms of what gets measured and how it gets measured), not just improving performance, is critical for effective decision-making. Every executive we interviewed explicitly declared that improving KPIs with Al is an enterprise interest, and it is an immediate priority for several.

...

We see three ways that Al-enriched KPIs improve on legacy metrics that simply track performance. Smart KPIs better describe ongoing and past performance, more effectively anticipate future performance, and make more useful recommendations to promote outcomes. These three types of smart KPIs (descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive) map to a well-known distinction between descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics.

...

Identifying strategic and operational KPIs is a common function of human leadership teams. Yet our research confirms that Al - not only humans - can propose and even design new and novel KPIs to guide executive decisionmaking. We heard story after story of leaders turning to algorithms to source key performance metrics that are not only strategically and operationally valuable but, in some cases, derived from data patterns too complicated for humans to discern."

Por que é que continuamos tão dependentes de fundos europeus?

Este é mais um postal que me faz perder clientes, porque distingo o Carlos consultor do Carlos cidadão.

Ontem no seu programa matinal, "A Cor do Dinheiro", Camilo Lourenço disse que o sector têxtil é um sector de excelência. 

Sabem o que visualizei? 

Isto:

Poucos minutos depois, na rádio Observador, no programa "E o vencedor é...", ao minuto 08:07, José Manuel Fernandes disse:

"Por que é que continuamos tão dependentes de fundos europeus?

Neste caso, pelo que estamos a perceber, toda uma operação [Moi ici: Promoção internacional das empresas] que devia ser suportada por uma indústria, a indústria têxtil e de lanifícios do Norte, toda essa operação era paga em 50%, talvez mais, por fundos europeus."

Confesso que já pensei nisto várias vezes. Dão-se apoios para as empresas participarem em feiras, as organizações empresariais do sector informam-nos que essas feiras foram um sucesso, mas as empresas raramente se tornam independentes e continuam a precisar de doses futuras de apoios.

Porquê?

Por causa da figura acima? 

É-se competitivo sem se ser produtivo? Assim, ganham-se encomendas, mas não se acumula capital... o bom velho Schumpeter. Pagam-se os custos do passado, mas não se pagam os custos do futuro, a tal espécie de esquema Ponzi.

Outro exemplo sobre o qual já escrevi é o do tomate: uma produção tão competitiva, tão competitiva, tão competitiva, que sem apoios de fundos europeus, se afundará.

Remato esta reflexão com um postal que costumo citar aqui:

• de 2015 - Apesar das boas intenções
• de 2016 - O intervencionismo ingénuo (parte II)

Como se a culpa fosse de quem aparece e dá a cara.

 Volta e meia aparecem estes cromos nas redes sociais:

Por falar em patrões, sim, Portugal é - de longe - um dos países da Europa com os patrões (gerentes) e gestores menos qualificados da Europa. Já que se fala tanto em aumentar competitividade, produção e "crescer", convinha olhar para esta realidade💡
1/2 pic.twitter.com/lC5KK8BuhI

— o Ferreira (@guilhaweb) March 18, 2024

Como se a culpa fosse de quem aparece e dá a cara. 

Acerca da produtividade escrevo aqui muitas vezes sobre os mastins dos Baskerville. Esses é que nos deveriam interrogar, os que estão ausentes. Recordo Empresários e escolaridade ou signaling.

Tenho saudades do meu pai...

 

Cuidado como cresce

 Li no ECO "Parar de crescer é começar a morrer":

"Se uma empresa não cresce, definha e morre.

...

crescer é mais do que um objetivo, é um desígnio essencial. 

...

A internacionalização só contribui a sério para o fortalecimento, a valorização e a preservação a longo prazo do capital acionista se as empresas tiverem escala. Dos que não se lancem a sério, com coragem, em processos de crescimento ambiciosos não vai rezar a História, nem sequer no mercado doméstico."

Sabem qual o meu problema com este artigo? Crescer à custa da escala (volume).

As empresas podem crescer à custa da escala (volume), à custa do denominador da equação da produtividade a produzir mais do mesmo, ou podem crescer à custa da subida na escala de valor, à custa do numerador da equação da produtividade a produzir coisas diferentes, coisas com maior valor acrescentado.

O racional é o mesmo do agricultor que só consegue aumentar a produção trabalhando mais e mais terra, é a via cancerosa. 

Entretanto, já depois de escrever o que está para trás. Deparo com este tweet:

E termino com o bacalhau islandês e a cerveja Kirin.

 

Não é impunemente (parte II)

A última vez que pensei no assunto foi no mês passado quando descobri quem é o novo líder máximo da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa. A minha mente começou logo a imaginar quais os seus critérios de decisão, qual a sua experiência de decisão, o que é que automaticamente lhe aparece na cabeça quando tem de tomar uma decisão.

Como escrevi em Não é impunemente ...

"Não é impunemente que se vivem e se acumulam experiências de gestão. 

Por que volto agora ao tema? Por causa de um dos casos de estudo apresentado no Capítulo II do livro “Cracked It! How to solve big problems and sell solutions like top strategy consultants.” Um caso, já aqui referido várias vezes no blogue, de Ron Johnson à frente da J.C. Penney:

"Johnson began his tenure as CEO on November 1, 2011, and quickly pursued dramatic changes. 

...

By April 2013 Johnson was out as CEO, only 18 months after he started. 

...

There are clear signs that Johnson fell into the solution confirmation trap. Both his merchandising strategy— branded products sold at undiscounted prices in cool-looking stores— and the way he promoted it, with Steve Jobs style keynote speeches, seem lifted from the Apple playbook. And once his mind was set on making this Apple-style strategy work for J.C. Penney, Johnson paid no attention to signs it was failing. Those who questioned the strategy or advised him to slow down its execution were dismissed, because, Johnson assured, "skepticism takes the oxygen out of innovation."

...

This is puzzling. Johnson was an experienced, highly successful retail executive, described by some press reports as "an industry icon" who "turns anything he touches to gold."

...

When we tackle a complex and multifaceted problem that we superficially understand, it can seem intractably broad. In these cases, it's tempting to frame the problem narrowly to make it look like one we've worked on before. We can then reason by (superficial) analogy to quickly identify a solution instead of investing in thoroughly understanding the problem." 

Num outro nível também o tema por um outro prisma, quando as revistas de gestão,ou os jornais entrevistam CEOs de empresas grandes é um perigo os decisores das empresas mais pequenas pensarem que podem copiar o que lêem.  

Janeiro 2024 - exportações

 Alguns sectores a começar o ano mal.

Outros a começar bem.

Are you prepared to walk the talk? (parte IV)

Recordar o que tenho escrito aqui ao longo dos anos sobre a Zara e as tiradas de preocupação com o ambiente:

• Are you prepared to walk the talk? (parte III)
• Are you prepared to walk the talk? (parte II)
• Coerência e ambiente (parte III)
• Are you prepared to walk the talk?

 Entretanto, no Le Figaro de quinta-feira passada, "Shein, Temu... L'Assemblée nationale adopte des mesures pour pénaliser la fast fashion":

Principais medidas da proposta aprovada:

• Definição de Fast Fashion: A lei propõe critérios baseados nos volumes produzidos e na velocidade de renovação das colecções, com detalhes a serem definidos em decretos. Práticas como as da empresa chinesa Shein, que lança em média 7200 novos modelos de roupas por dia, são o alvo.
• Sistema de Bonus-Malus: A proposta principal é reforçar este sistema no setor têxtil, considerando os custos ambientais da produção excessiva. A penalidade estará ligada ao "affichage environnemental" (rótulo ambiental) dos produtos, com uma nova metodologia de avaliação a ser implementada. As penalidades poderão chegar a 10 euros por produto até 2030, com um tecto de 50% do preço de venda.
• Publicidade Proibida para Fast Fashion: A lei também inclui a proibição de publicidade para produtos e empresas que se enquadrem na definição de fast fashion. 
• Redistribuição de Contribuições: As contribuições colectadas serão redistribuídas em favor dos produtores de roupas sustentáveis, com o objectivo de reduzir seus preços.

Trabalho, chefes, saúde, direitos adquiridos - para reflexão

"Consider ’work’. Work remains a dominating and defining part of our lives. We spend one third of our time doing it; increasingly more time than we spend with our loved ones. 

…

Work is, and has always tended to be, one of the most defining aspects of our lives. ... Work is where we obtain purpose and meaning; where we meet friends, socialize and have community (and in an increasingly secular society it is one of the few remaining places where we can get sense of community); it is where we get motivated and engaged; where we can create and solve.

On the flip side, work can also drive us to utter exasperation and frustration; where we feel our efforts are a waste of time; where we feel unvalued, unloved and taken for granted; where we feel stressed. 

...

• According to Forbes, new data shows that for almost 70 per cent of people, their manager has more impact on their mental health than their therapist or their doctor - and it's equal to the impact of their partner.
• The Macleod Report found that '54 per cent of the actively disengaged say that work stress caused them to behave poorly with friends or family members in the previous three months, against 17 per cent of the engaged. More alarmingly, 54 per cent of the actively disengaged say their work lives are having a negative effect on their physical health, versus 12 per cent of the engaged.
• The Stress Institute in Stockholm found that 'employees who had managers who were incompetent, inconsiderate, secretive, or uncommunicative were 60 per cent more likely to suffer a heart attack or other cardiac condition?

…

It is easy to see that the word pension may become an anachronism to most people under the age of 40. Indeed, from that data it is no surprise that 24 per cent of Millennials - that cohort born between 1981 and 1996 and (in 2023) aged between 27 and 42 - think they will never retire (this statistic was pre-pandemic before the recent bout of inflation further tarnished any retirement plans).

...

In the UK, the retirement age is due to rise from 67 to 68, and recent reports have indicated that the government may bring this date forward by eight years."

Trechos retirados de "The World of Work to 2030: A practical guide to futureproofing your business and your career"

Será bom que corras!

Em 2010 escrevi este postal The Knowledge Funnel (parte I) onde usei esta imagem de Roger Martin:

Há dias Martin escreveu, "Strategy & Artificial Intelligence - A Story of Heuristics, Means & Tails" de onde retiro estes trechos:

"The world is full of mysteries, which is what makes life interesting. In addition to being interesting, tackling a mystery and developing a great heuristic for dealing with the knowledge in question can be extremely remunerative. 

...

Codifying one’s own heuristic is an enormous challenge. 

...

Beyond the enormity of the challenge, there is the problem of what economists call ‘moral hazard.’ People in possession of a heuristic have strong disincentives to shift it from specific knowledge exclusively in their heads to general knowledge, even though doing so would be good for humanity. If they cause it to become general knowledge, the supply of people in possession of the heuristic would grow and the value to its creator would fall. 

...

If a heuristic becomes evenly distributed general knowledge, it is more readily advanced to an algorithm so that even a machine could do it. 

...

LLM/AI has the power of pushing knowledge more quickly through the knowledge funnel by de-partitioning heuristics, making them more ubiquitous faster, which I believe will hasten their further advancement to algorithms — which is good for the world.

...

As a manager/professional, you need to work on creating a uniquely valuable heuristic. If you simply run an algorithm, you are probably out of a job already. If you haven’t done the thinking work to formalize the heuristics that you employ in your own work, good luck, it is only a matter of time until you will be replaced. And if you have aimed for a heuristic of average quality, you are directly in LLM/AI’s kill-zone.

To have a great career in the modern economy, the only path is to have an above average heuristic for creating value in the specific domain of your job. LLM/AI won’t find your heuristic because that is not what it is looking for if your heuristic is out on the right tail of the distribution. Creating an above average heuristic is a high bar — but will increasingly be reality in the LLM/AI economy."

Entretanto, ontem li:

• Ano arranca com despedimentos coletivos a aumentar. Comércio e indústria destacam-se
• Mais que nunca, o DN

E volto ao provérbio africano que aqui escrevi em 2006:

Em África, todas as manhãs, uma gazela acorda. Sabe que tem de correr mais depressa que o leão, ser mais veloz ou será morta.Todas as manhãs, um leão acorda. Sabe que tem de correr mais depressa que a gazela mais lenta, ou morrerá de fome. Não interessa se és um leão ou uma gazela. Quando o sol se levantar será bom que corras.

E a vida económica é esta corrida incessante para servir melhor os clientes. Claro que alguns conseguem fazer batota, por mais algum tempo: Big Man economy.

BTW, desde um final de tarde na estação de VFX à espera do Intercidades em 2007 que deixei de comprar o DN. Não me faz falta. Mas não posso deixar de me sentir incomodado com "Uma nova administração da GMG que mais de um mês após tomar posse nunca falou com a direcção do jornal, e uma nova Comissão Executiva que só a chamou uma semana após entrar em funções para lhe indicar a porta da rua." O jornal pode não ter futuro, ou os despedimentos até podem ser críticos para que o jornal tenha um futuro. No entanto, não é assim que se lida com pessoas.

Modelos apodrecidos

The Wall Street journal article indicated the Kansas subcontractor, that builds the fuselage made a practice of firing and transferring quality personnel who found too many defects.https://t.co/gxcvlqKMZF

— Gary Heintz (@garyandglendah1) March 12, 2024

Verdade seja dita que a afirmação do tweet não se encontra no texto do artigo "Boeing Response in Alaska Airlines 737 MAX Probe Is Blasted by Feds" no entanto, transpira uma cultura que impressiona:

"The airplane maker hadn't provided the names of 25 employees the NTSB believes may have information about work on a door plug that later flew off a plane during a Jan. 5 flight,

...

Boeing also hasn't provided investigators with documents about factory work related to the door plug's removal and reinstallation in mid-September, she said, adding that certain documents might not exist.

...

Homendy said Boeing has told the NTSB that it hasn't been able to find relevant documents in some cases. She said the safety board has been told Boeing has a process for removing, opening and reinstalling door plugs, but that the company hasn't yet provided the written procedures."

Mais informação em "Boeing discloses names of 737 MAX employees after NTSB chair faults cooperation" e em "US FAA hits Boeing 737 MAX production for quality control issues"

Entretanto o subcontratado Spirit AeroSystems tem muitas certificações.

Sintomas de apodrecimento de modelos que degeneram sob a pressão da doença anglo-saxónica em empresas too big to fail.

Já escrevi sobre a radioclubização, sobre o hollowing e o eficientismo.

O mundo a mudar

#Mexico has overtaken China as the U.S.'s main goods supplier 🇲🇽🤝🇺🇸

Global Trade’s "Great War" between the #US and #China is an economic conflict on a scale that hasn't been seen in the modern era.

Mexico's "China Plus One" strategy aimed at reducing the risks of being drawn… pic.twitter.com/sAj1JLAG4V

— OECtoday (@OECtoday) March 7, 2024

Também me mandaram um e-mail com este artigo "Mexico Surpasses China as America’s Top Trade Partner". Tudo alinhado com  "Peter Zeihan, March 5, 2024":

(9' 41'') - it's the perfect partner by any number of measures. If there was one country on this planet that we wanted to have as a trading partner, Mexico is the one we want, and so last year Mexico retook its position as our number one trading partner... 

Essa gente não existe!!!

 Por um lado, "Montenegro acredita que país é capaz de voltar a crescer a "3, 4 ou 5%"":

""Nós conseguimos crescer a 3, 4, 5 por cento, conseguimos. Já conseguimos noutros períodos da nossa história, porque é que a minha geração, a vossa geração hão de estar renitentes quanto à sua capacidade?", questionou, dizendo que o país até tem mais instrumentos tecnológicos, mais financiamento externo e mais qualificações. Por essas razões, Montenegro disse acreditar muito na capacidade dos empresários e de Portugal."

por outro lado, "Peter Zeihan, March 5, 2024" diz-nos:

• vamos ter um choque demográfico mais forte do que o que aconteceu com a Peste Negra.

Quem vai comprar a produção que suporta um crescimento de 3, 4 ou 5%? Essa gente não existe!!!

Aos 7' 21'':

"in the next few years, the Koreans will lead us into whatever's next as that bulge that's currently capital and skills rich and paying taxes ages into Mass retirement, and it all goes away, and so a few years from now, the Koreans will have to figure out a new economic and political and social model that is not based on consumption or on production or on investment what will that look at what will that look like I have no idea because no country in human history has ever crossed that Rubicon and the Koreans definitely will not be alone all right let's start bottom left with the Germans are in the same situation as Korea for very similar reasons this is their last decade as an industrial power if you want a beamer get it now you should probably get 10 years apart because you're going to need those I'd love for that to be a joke."

BTW aos 10' 59'':

"and then there's the Chinese who is already one of the five fastest collapsing workforces in human history and this data from June of last year is wrong they updated the data in July check out the bottom of it they are now reporting officially a larger drop in the birth rate in the last five years in China than what happened to the Jews of Europe during the Holocaust that's an official data unofficially the Chinese Academy of Sciences which is kind of their wise men group that interprets government statistics says that this is wrong that they've overcounted their population by more than a 100 million people"

Acerca do velho "Too big to care"

Quinta-feira passada ao principio da tarde, no final de uma reunião, recordava Tom Peters com o seu "Too big to care":

• De 2015 - Too Big To Care
• De 2017 - Too big to care

Sexta-feira ao final da tarde li "Regressing to the mean all by yourself" de Seth Godin:

""The mean" is the average. Another word for "mediocre."

When an organization gets big enough, by definition, it's the average.

When you have enough customers, they represent the population as a whole.

If you find yourself seeking to serve the largest possible number of people, you've signed up to be average. Without a doubt, you're raising the bar compared to the ones who came before, but scale has its costs.

If you ship enough products to enough people, average is inevitable."

Por que se pedem paletes de mão de obra estrangeira barata? (parte III)

Há dias li no WSJ este longo artigo, "Rich Countries Are Becoming Addicted to Cheap Labor".

Entretanto, ontem li "The Cheap Labor Addiction?". Interessante, quer o texto do artigo, quer a troca de comentários. Julgo que se trata do tema que tenho abordado aqui no blogue acerca dos "Flying Geese" e também do tema desta semana sobre o papel dos empresários e da produtividade do país.

Por exemplo, acerca deste trecho no jornal:

"In Canada, economists say the government has cast aside a carefully managed immigration system that gave priority to highly skilled workers, and ramped up significantly the intake of foreign students and other low-skilled temporary workers. By flooding the market with cheap labor, Ottawa may be propping up uncompetitive businesses and ultimately damaging productivity (1), according to a December report co-written by former Canadian central-bank governor David Dodge."

Leio:

"Notice the strange use of the word "uncompetitive." If those businesses are able to do well and maybe even thrive, how are they uncompetitive? (2) In fact, they are quite competitive.

And how would hiring more workers reduce productivity? (3) Are the employers stupid? Do they want to pay people who not only don't produce but also reduce production?

Of course not. It's clear what Dodge means. He means that hiring low-skilled workers could easily reduce average productivity.

Indeed, the very next paragraph of the news story makes my point:

Economic output per capita is lower than it was in 2018 following years of record immigration (4), notes Mikal Skuterud, an economist at Waterloo University in Ontario. Canada has been bringing in so many low-skilled workers that it lowers the country's productivity overall (5), he says.

Skuterud is pointing to average productivity even though he blows it at the end by equating that to the "country's productivity overall.""

 (1) e (2) - Já abordamos este tema aqui, misturar e fundir produtividade e competitividade dá asneira. Daí esta imagem que uso há anos:

É possível ser muito competitivo e empobrecer porque se é pouco produtivo e, por isso, apesar da subida do custo de vida os salários não são capazes de acompanhar porque a organização não liberta margem suficiente. 

Recordo:

• Por que se pedem paletes de mão de obra estrangeira barata?
• A concorrência "desigual" ou A evolução da produtividade (parte VII)

(3) - Produtividade de empresas versus produtividade agregada de um país. Recordo Salário mínimo, produtividade, motivação/malandragem e desemprego (parte II)

(4) e (5) - Recordo Falta a parte dolorosa da transição

Podem querer o que quiserem, mas a opção que tomarem tem custos.

Framing a problem

"Framing your problem means articulating what your problem is. To help you do so, a frame provides with three main parts: (1) a substance part; (2) an engagement part (with information on the stakeholders involved); and (3) a logistics part. Let's get started on the first part.

Borrowing from archetypical narratives in storytelling, you can capture the substance of the problem by summarising it in a single overarching question, the quest, that you contextualise with a clearly defined protagonist (the hero), a goal that the hero wants to achieve (the treasure), and an obstacle between the two (the dragon).

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Yet, like it or not, how a problem is framed matters (see below).? People tend to underappreciate what they don't know, and poor framing partly explains why a large proportion of strategic decisions fail.  First, if you frame poorly, you risk addressing a symptom, or a perceived problem, rather than the underlying disease. 

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Second, poor framing also creates problems when you ask your stakeholders to support your conclusions. If you haven't considered their perspectives in your framing, expect struggles when 'selling' them on the merits of your approach.

An effective frame is also critical because you know more than your stakeholders. Working on your problem for days, weeks or months, you will easily presume that they know more than they do. We often see this perception gap, called the curse of knowledge, between project teams and their stakeholders."

Trechos retirados de "Solvable - A simple solution to complex problems" de Arnaud Chevallier e Albrecht Enders"