Será bom que corras!

Em 2010 escrevi este postal The Knowledge Funnel (parte I) onde usei esta imagem de Roger Martin:

Há dias Martin escreveu, "Strategy & Artificial Intelligence - A Story of Heuristics, Means & Tails" de onde retiro estes trechos:

"The world is full of mysteries, which is what makes life interesting. In addition to being interesting, tackling a mystery and developing a great heuristic for dealing with the knowledge in question can be extremely remunerative. 

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Codifying one’s own heuristic is an enormous challenge. 

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Beyond the enormity of the challenge, there is the problem of what economists call ‘moral hazard.’ People in possession of a heuristic have strong disincentives to shift it from specific knowledge exclusively in their heads to general knowledge, even though doing so would be good for humanity. If they cause it to become general knowledge, the supply of people in possession of the heuristic would grow and the value to its creator would fall. 

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If a heuristic becomes evenly distributed general knowledge, it is more readily advanced to an algorithm so that even a machine could do it. 

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LLM/AI has the power of pushing knowledge more quickly through the knowledge funnel by de-partitioning heuristics, making them more ubiquitous faster, which I believe will hasten their further advancement to algorithms — which is good for the world.

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As a manager/professional, you need to work on creating a uniquely valuable heuristic. If you simply run an algorithm, you are probably out of a job already. If you haven’t done the thinking work to formalize the heuristics that you employ in your own work, good luck, it is only a matter of time until you will be replaced. And if you have aimed for a heuristic of average quality, you are directly in LLM/AI’s kill-zone.

To have a great career in the modern economy, the only path is to have an above average heuristic for creating value in the specific domain of your job. LLM/AI won’t find your heuristic because that is not what it is looking for if your heuristic is out on the right tail of the distribution. Creating an above average heuristic is a high bar — but will increasingly be reality in the LLM/AI economy."

Entretanto, ontem li:

• Ano arranca com despedimentos coletivos a aumentar. Comércio e indústria destacam-se
• Mais que nunca, o DN

E volto ao provérbio africano que aqui escrevi em 2006:

Em África, todas as manhãs, uma gazela acorda. Sabe que tem de correr mais depressa que o leão, ser mais veloz ou será morta.Todas as manhãs, um leão acorda. Sabe que tem de correr mais depressa que a gazela mais lenta, ou morrerá de fome. Não interessa se és um leão ou uma gazela. Quando o sol se levantar será bom que corras.

E a vida económica é esta corrida incessante para servir melhor os clientes. Claro que alguns conseguem fazer batota, por mais algum tempo: Big Man economy.

BTW, desde um final de tarde na estação de VFX à espera do Intercidades em 2007 que deixei de comprar o DN. Não me faz falta. Mas não posso deixar de me sentir incomodado com "Uma nova administração da GMG que mais de um mês após tomar posse nunca falou com a direcção do jornal, e uma nova Comissão Executiva que só a chamou uma semana após entrar em funções para lhe indicar a porta da rua." O jornal pode não ter futuro, ou os despedimentos até podem ser críticos para que o jornal tenha um futuro. No entanto, não é assim que se lida com pessoas.

Mistério e tomada de decisão

"1. Distribute responsibility. Strategic leaders gain their skill through practice, and practice requires a fair amount of autonomy. Top leaders should push power downward, across the organization, empowering people at all levels to make decisions. Distribution of responsibility gives potential strategic leaders the opportunity to see what happens when they take risks."

Ao ler isto lembrei-me logo de Roger Martin e das empresas envoltas em mistério. Há tanto mistério que a tomada de decisão, que os critérios de tomada de decisão, não podem ser comunicados, têm de ficar concentrados bem acima na pirâmide.

Trecho retirado de "10 Principles of Strategic Leadership"

Outra Torre de Babel à espera de cair

Li duas vezes o artigo "Algorithms Take Control of Wall Street". Alguns sublinhados acerca desta espécie de Skynet:
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"The machines aren’t there just to crunch numbers anymore; they’re now making the decisions.
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That increasingly describes the entire financial system. Over the past decade, algorithmic trading has overtaken the industry. From the single desk of a startup hedge fund to the gilded halls of Goldman Sachs, computer code is now responsible for most of the activity on Wall Street."
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Isto faz-me logo recordar o funil de Roger Martin:

Algoritmo que no fim é transformado em código de programa informático.
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"(By some estimates, computer-aided high-frequency trading now accounts for about 70 percent of total trade volume.) Increasingly, the market’s ups and downs are determined not by traders competing to see who has the best information or sharpest business mind but by algorithms feverishly scanning for faint signals of potential profit.
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Algorithms have become so ingrained in our financial system that the markets could not operate without them."
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Depois, algo do tipo Torre de Babel "Oh! Reparem como nós somos poderosos!":
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"It is also harder to understand, predict, and regulate. Algorithms, like most human traders, tend to follow a fairly simple set of rules. But they also respond instantly to ever-shifting market conditions, taking into account thousands or millions of data points every second. And each trade produces new data points, creating a kind of conversation in which machines respond in rapid-fire succession to one another’s actions. At its best, this system represents an efficient and intelligent capital allocation machine, a market ruled by precision and mathematics rather than emotion and fallible judgment" (Moi ici: "intelligent capital allocation machine" ... mas existe tal coisa? Há cerca de 3 horas @EskoKilpi escreveu no twitter "Then the system is not complex :-) RT @ilparone: "When one can predict with reliability what is going to happen in a complex system... "". Exactamente um acidente à espera de acontecer...)
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"But at its worst, it is an inscrutable and uncontrollable feedback loop. Individually, these algorithms may be easy to control but when they interact they can create unexpected behaviors—a conversation that can overwhelm the system it was built to navigate. On May 6, 2010, the Dow Jones Industrial Average inexplicably experienced a series of drops that came to be known as the flash crash, at one point shedding some 573 points in five minutes." (Moi ici: estava online quando tal sucedeu. Uso os gráficos desse dia para ilustrar a esquizofrenia interpretativa do desempenho das organizações. O primeiro noticiário radiofónico que explicou o sucedido avançou com 3 justificações: as declarações de Trichet (em Lisboa nesse dia); a situação na Grécia, e as eleições ingleses que ocorreriam dias depois)
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"“Automated trading systems will follow their coded logic regardless of outcome,” she told a congressional subcommittee, “while human involvement likely would have prevented these orders from executing at absurd prices.” Delaware senator Ted Kaufman sounded an even louder alarm in September, taking to the Senate floor to declare, “Whenever there is a lot of money surging into a risky area, where change in the market is dramatic, where there is no transparency and therefore no effective regulation, we have a prescription for disaster.”
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That’s a tacit admission that the system has outgrown the humans that created it. Today a single stock can receive 10,000 bids per second; that deluge of data overwhelms any attempt to create a simple cause-and-effect narrative."
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Como é que se dá cabo de um algoritmo? Como é que se faz para que vire obsoleto?
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Voltando ao mistério e re-explorando-o, pondo em causa certezas que ficaram materializadas em regras heurísticas e que depois ficaram impregnadas nos algoritmos.
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O que é a biodiversidade da vida senão a confirmação de que não há algoritmos seguros e únicos.
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Esta gente é tôla.

The Knowledge Funnel (parte I)

"The first stage of the funnel is the exploration of a mystery, which takes an infinite variety of forms.

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The next stage of the funnel is a heuristic, a rule of thumb that helps narrow the field of inquiry and work the mystery down to a manageable size.

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As an organization puts its heuristic into operation, studies it more, and thinks about it intensely, it can convert from a general rule of thumb to a fixed formula. That formula is an algorithm, the last of three stages of the knowledge funnel. (Moi ici: Muitas empresas parece que ficaram pela definição de meia dúzia de regras heurísticas e "prontos!". Por que não evoluíram, por que não deram o passo seguinte e criaram um algoritmo... para isso tinham de reflectir no que faziam e no que é que ajuda a criar valor e a fazer a diferença... seguem uma vida de Penélope. Durante uma parte da semana ou do dia fazem uma coisa, para na outra parte, desfazerem essa mesma coisa. Por isso, por exemplo, misturam produção de preço com produção de marca.)

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Even the most baffling mysteries, though, eventually crumble under the force of human intelligence. With sufficient thought, a first-level understanding emerges from the question at hand. We develop heuristics—rules of thumb—that guide us toward a solution by way of organized exploration of the possibilities.

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some people remain stuck in the world of mystery, while others master its heuristics. The beauty of heuristics is that they guide us toward a solution by way of organized exploration of the possibilities.

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An algorithm is an explicit, step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. Algorithms take the loose, unregimented heuristics—which take considerable thought and nuance to employ—and simplify, structuralize, and codify them to the degree that anyone with access to the algorithm can deploy it with more or less equal efficiency." (Moi ici: Elucidativa a descrição que o autor faz da criação, da tomada de consciência, da construção do algoritmo da McDonalds)

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Trechos retirados de The Design of Business de Roger Martin.