"But companies across Germany have been finding ways to continue operating. They are firing up coal plants or shifting production of some products abroad. They are even considering making deals with rival firms to share energy. Chief executives say that by adjusting to the new reality, they are in a better position to live with less natural gas.We are in crisis mode, but we are not panicking,"...Not every manufacturer can operate with less gas. And no one knows how Germany, Europe's largest economy and the one most reliant on Russian gas, will fare this winter when chilly weather causes gas demand to soar.But BASF, for one, said it had begun using oil instead of gas to generate power and steam, and reducing production at its European plants that use a lot of gas, especially its facility in Ludwigshafen, described as the world's largest chemical complex.Detailing BASF's efforts in the earnings call, Mr. Brudermüller said the company was scaling back ammonia production, which requires natural gas, and seeking to buy it from outside suppliers. Ammonia plays a key role in the manufacturing of fertilizer, plastics and other products....Private households, which combined use the most energy in Germany, have already shaved about 6 percent off their gas use this year. A government program is encouraging them to do more, dropping their thermostats by one degree in the coming winter and limiting showers to just five minutes....When gas prices started rising, Evonik's engineers searched or where they could make cuts. An obvious solution was to keep a coal-fired power plant going past October, when it was scheduled to be swapped out for two new gasfired plants.We built two fantastic new gas power plants, the best German engineering, but realized that we didn't have any gas for them," Christian Kullmann, the chief executive of Evonik, said on German television....With winter approaching, traditional gas-hungry industries may be let with no choice but to scale back or halt production entirely. But for those that have already found solutions, analysts said, the changes may prove lasting, regardless of what Russia does."The signal that energy security can't be taken for granted is so clear that companies will continue to think of different scenarios even if there were a fast change, even if Russia were to deliver more gas and prices were to fall again," said Eric Heymann, an economist with Deutsche Bank Research. "There is no going back to the way everything was before."
Sabem o que é que este "There is no going back to the way everything was before." me faz lembrar? Aqueles que estavam perdidos e acabam por se encontrar.
"é que os que decidem aventurar-se e procurar a salvação, enfrentando o desconhecido, ao fazerem essa viagem, acabam por se transformarem a eles próprios e o mais interessante é que quando chegam à "civilização", ou quando são encontrados, já não estão perdidos, já se encontraram, já se adaptaram a uma nova realidade."
"Google has killed more than 200 projects over the last few decades. They fail all the time. More than once a month they shut down a business that frightened the competition and seduced consumers.
That’s part of the recipe for becoming an unbeatable behemoth. Fail a lot.
Institutions like Western Union and A & P and Woolworth’s and Sears forget this part."
Claro que estar endividada não ajuda, qualquer falha pode ser a morte da artista por falta de resiliência. Claro que estar endividada pode dar o "extra mille" de energia, de desespero para fazer com que as coisas resultem.
Trecho retirado de "Unbeatable vs perfect"
"
"Though your goal is to maximize the price increase without losing your customer, sometimes price increases can help you introduce unprofitable customers to your competitors without the conflict of firing them.
...
I've found that customers who are easy to work with and highly profitable make my business life a joy. These accounts are the best fit. On the other hand, customers who are overly demanding, fail to live up to their commitments, consume my resources, and pay low prices, so that the profitability of their account is negligible, suck my energy. It's not fun to work with these customers. Far too often, though, we hang on to these soul-sucking accounts because they are large and we are afraid to lose them; or we are concerned about negatively impacting our retention numbers; or we know that we'll have to prospect to find a replacement for the revenue.
A few years back I was working with a pain-in-the-rear account like this. It was a big, nationally known brand. Exactly the type of logo you want in your account portfolio. It also generated a lot of revenue. When we first signed the account our entire company celebrated. The only problem was that the customer was killing us.
Because it was such a big company, the stakeholders were used to being the 800-pound gorillas, especially when working with small companies like mine. When they said dance, we danced even when what they were asking us to do was far outside of the scope of our contract. That's how it is when you are afraid of the gorilla. We did their bidding for a year, often working overtime and shortchanging other accounts in order to meet their demands. I hated working with them, my team hated working with them, and when I took a rational look at the cost of serving them, we were not making that much money. Certainly not enough for the hassle.
As we got closer to contract renewal time, the people on my team implored me to fire them.
...
So, instead of cutting them loose as my team wanted, I met with my contact and presented the contract renewal. I walked her through the value we had delivered and backed that up with numbers and stories. She agreed that we had done a terrific job and thanked me.
I then presented a new contract for the following year that included a 100 percent price increase. Double what they paid us the year before. She stared at the number for a long silence, whistled, and asked matter-of-factly, "How can you possibly justify an increase like this?"
"You are hard to work with," I responded, just as matter-of-factly. "The people on your team are extremely demanding, want instant turn around on tasks, and often ask us to do things that are beyond the scope of our agreement.
"Because we are a small business, these requests and demands tax our resources, making it difficult to serve our other customers. I don't see this changing, so the only way we can meet these expectations is to add dedicated resources focused on your account. We can't do that without this price increase.'
She looked down again at the new agreement and said, "You're right. We are a difficult company to work with." Then she signed the contract."
Joaquim Aguiar no último Think Tank.
"É um partido distributivo.Portanto, toda a sua estruturação mental é para distribuir.Nesse sentido, para percebermos qual é a diferença do ponto de vista de condução de uma sociedade, é diferença entre um padrinho e um pai. O padrinho distribui brinquedos e ofertas porque não tem obrigação de educar a criança. Um pai tem a obrigação de educar a criança para que quando ela for adulta não esteja dependente da miséria, e portanto tem de a treinar com hábitos de trabalho, de competição, de comparação com o que outros fazem. Neste sentido o padrinho é aquele que protege os mais desfavorecidos, mas o pai é aquele que prepara os competitivos.Por que é muito importante esta diferença? Porque na moeda única o que se comparam são competitividades não são capacidades reivindicativas nem potencial distributivo. Com a mesma moeda os melhores vão ganhar as melhores actividades e, portanto vão ser mais ricos do que os piores. E isso não tem nada a ver com a distribuição ou justiça social tem a ver com uma regra elementar, se a métrica de comparação é igual a todos, então quem é melhor vai revelar-se rapidamente. E tão rapidamente que nem sequer é um problema de ideologia, é um problema de eficácia.Ora, o que se percebeu com esta crise no Serviço Nacional de Saúde é que um mecanismo distributivo típico dos padrinhos atinge o limite. E portanto, revelou a sua incapacidade de regeneração para que, pela via competitiva, pudesse melhorar em qualidade e eficiência de serviços. E portanto, reduzimos essa atividade uma atividade de funcionários públicos, mas os funcionários públicos têm o grande problema de não conseguirem inventar um novo estado. Por que só conseguem trabalhar no estado que os recrutou."
Interesting with the late Alessina https://t.co/edWn8Owt55
— Antonio Nogueira Leite (@al_antdp) September 3, 2022
"general pattern across China: despite extraordinary repression, the descendants of the prerevolution elite are significantly and substantially better off today than those from the non-elite households....We first document that after the Communist and Cultural Revolutions, the parents generation of the pre-revolution elite enjoyed no more tangible advantages in wealth and formal educational attainment than their non-elite peers. In the immediate aftermath of the Communist Revolution, the pre-revolution elite, who used to own six times more land per household than the rest of the population, no longer owned more land than the poor peasants. The county-level Gini coefficient in land ownership decreased from 0.5 before the revolution to under 0.1 right afterwards. The Cultural Revolution also effectively leveled the educational advantage of the former elite houseolds. If anything, the parents generation of the pre-revolution elite received less formal education than their non-elite peers, as individuals with elite background were discriminated against in their access to formal education throughout the Cultural Revolution.However, the immediate and immense impact of the revolutions felt by the parents generation is no longer present among the third, children generation. The patterns of inequality that characterized the grandparents generation re-emerges. By 2010, individuals whose grandparents were part of the pre-revolution elite earned a 16 percent higher income each year, have completed more than 11 percent additional years of schooling, and hold more prestigious and demanding jobs than those from the non-elite households. In other words, while the revolutions explicitly aimed to reverse the rankings of socioeconomic status between the elite and non-elite households, they did not manage to do so beyond one generation....What explains the resurgence of the pre-revolution elite among the children generation? In particular, could the resurgence be accounted for by the greater physical capital, human capital, or social capital that may have been transmitted among the pre-revolution elite? We begin by ruling out a number of potential explanations for rebound. The revolutions' effective effort to shut down land inheritance - the most important asset in rural areas - and access to secondary and higher education as observed among the parents generation indicates that physical capital and human capital acquired through formal channels of schooling cannot play a key role in driving the rebound....Moreover, the pre-revolution elite exhibit systematically different values and attitudes today: in particular, they are more likely to consider effort as important to success, and such differences in expressed work ethics is evident even among adolescents who have not completed formal schooling or participated in the labor market. These values and titudes are reflected in their behavior: the pre-revolution elite work longer hours during workdays and spend less time on leisure during weekends. These patterns are much stronger for those among the children generation who co-live with their parents, and absent for those whose parents have passed away prematurely, consistent with the ideas that vertical transmissions of values (and human capital in general) require time spent together across generations."
Há cerca de um mês perguntava Qual o resultado final?
Agora, refino a equação desta maneira:
"Conhecem a história da empresa de calçado que, nos anos 60 do século passado, enviou dois vendedores para África, um para Angola e outro para Moçambique, para desenvolver negócio? Ao fim de uma semana, o que estava em Angola ligou para a sede desanimado porque ninguém usava sapatos, por isso, ia regressar para não gastar mais dinheiro. No final dessa mesma semana, o que estava em Moçambique também ligou. Estava entusiasmado! Ninguém usava sapatos, havia um mercado potencial tremendo por desenvolver, teria que prolongar a estadia."
E volto a Março de 2013... "Por que é que calçado e têxtil têm tido desempenhos tão diferentes?"
Pois é: Os modelos mentais agarram-se a nós como lapas... nós somos os modelos mentais que carregamos, e mudar um modelo mental é muito difícil... há que partir o molde que nos enformou... tão difícil que às vezes parece impossível.
Uma entrevista muito interessante "Game on An interview with Microsoft's head of gaming ecosystem".
Por agora abordo um dos temas com base nesta foto:
""The truth about culture is that the only way you can change it is by changing the way individuals work with one another. If you can change that, then you will find the culture has changed."To change the way people work together, Martin argues, leaders must model the behaviors they want to see. "Literally the only way that I've seen culture change in the 42 years since I graduated from business school is when a leader sets out to demonstrate a different kind of behavior and makes that behavior work. Other people take their cues from that behavior, and, slowly but surely, the culture changes," he says. "Kremlin-watching does not happen only in Moscowit's an incredibly powerful force. People watch the leadership and do what the leadership does."A notable aspect of this approach is that it does not require a major initiative or investment. Instead, the culture change depends on micro-interventions: small adjustments to the to the structure, dynamics, or framing of interpersonal interactions, applied consistently over time."
“No matter if you are involved in a broad price increase campaign or selling a price increase to a targeted account, your mission is to get the highest prices you can, AND retain your customer and orders.”
"Argue you out of it.Negotiate it down.Refuse to pay it.Stop ordering.Leave you for a competitor."
Acho bem que as pessoas nas empresas leiam livros deste tipo para aprenderem a "vender" melhor os aumentos de preços. No entanto, estes não são os aumentos de preços sobre os quais costumo escrever aqui no blogue. Enquanto este livro é sobre aumentar preços sem perder clientes, o desafio do país é aumentar os preços, mas trabalhando para outro tipo de clientes-alvo.
Quando comparamos a produtividade média do país com a da UE vêmos um fosso que não se ultrapassa com aumentos mixirucas dos preços. No entanto, aumentos de relevo só se conseguem quando se oferece em contrapartida muito mais valor potencial. Quantas empresas conseguem dar esse salto de mais valor potencial? Poucas, muitas poucas.
Já escrevi aqui várias vezes sobre a Flying Geese Theory:
Sony was founded in 1946. Its first product was an electric rice cooker.
— Jon Erlichman (@JonErlichman) August 28, 2022
Here are some early products from 11 other well known companies. 🧵👇 pic.twitter.com/BPlDQNEtTe
No fundo, é quando as empresas incumbentes deixam de poder competir com os recém-chegados não concorrentes, como referem Maliranta e Taleb. O que acontece em culturas como a portuguesa? Os incumbentes pedem aos governos de turno apoios que atrasam a transição necessária para a sociedade subir na escala de valor.
Isto é tão, mas tão verdade:
"If you belong to an organisation that still considers existing documented procedures as quality management processes not only have you not captured the spirit of the new approach but you should be picked up by your customers and other assessment organisations as not meeting the requirements of clause 4.4.1. The fact that more nonconformities haven’t been raised against organisations says a lot about the state of third-party certification and its economic need to survive. Perhaps conformity assessment bodies (CAB) are retaining paying customers who don’t actually deserve to hold the certification."
Recordo:
3) The source of the American "liberal arts" degree is the English upper classes imitation of the Ancient Meds who despised work & workers.
— Nassim Nicholas Taleb (@nntaleb) August 29, 2022
As Jules Veyne said: "[in the Ancient World] you are free [liber] if your name don't come w/a profession".https://t.co/Yo8zxvtT4b
"However, in the world of business, the future has the capricious habit of being different than the past, often in fully unpredictable ways. As a business, you want to create that future — not let someone else do it to you. WWHTBT [Moi ici: What Would Have To Be True] helps you ask what we have to make happen to make the things true that would need to be true to create the future."
Imagem e trecho retirado de "What Would Have to be True?"
"it is standard in the literature to assume that more accurate percepts are fitter percepts and that, therefore, natural selection drives perception to increasing veridicality-i.e., to correspond increasingly to the "true" state of the objective world. This assumption informs the prevalent view that human percepts are, for the most part, veridical.Our main message in this paper has been that, contrary to this prevalent view, attempting to estimate the "true" state of the objective world corresponding to a given sensory input confers no evolutionary benefit whatsoever. Specifically: If one assumes that perception involves inference to states of the objective world, then the FBT Theorem shows that a strategy that simply seeks to maximize expected-fitness payoff, with no attempt to estimate the "true" world state, does consistently better (in the precise sense articulated in the statement of the FBT Theorem). In an evolutionary competition, this "Fitness-only" strategy would drive the "Truth" strategy to extinction....In our view, the very idea of attempting to estimate the "true" state of the world is wrong-headed."
Trechos retirados de "Fitness Beats Truth in the Evolution of Perception"
Não há maneira desta aberração sair da minha cabeça este Verão, "Norte da Europa vive à custa da agricultura intensiva portuguesa". Um produto típico do ecossistema coordenado pelos Desventuras e Zés Reis da academiade Coimbra.
Este texto gera-me tanta estupefacção, tantas questões. Vamos à primeira:
"Reframe Your Situation
Most people are loss-averse. Multiple studies demonstrate that the way you frame things affects how you make decisions. The research shows, for instance, that if one treatment for a new disease is described as 95% effective and another as 5% ineffective, people prefer the former even though the two are statistically identical. Every innovation, every change, every transformation—personal or professional—comes with potential upsides and downsides. And though most of us instinctively focus on the latter, it’s possible to shift that mindset and decrease our fear.
One of our favorite ways of doing this is the “infinite game” approach, developed by New York University professor James Carse. His advice is to stop seeing the rules, boundaries, and purpose of the “game” you’re playing—the job you’re after, the project you’ve been assigned, the career path you’re on—as fixed. That puts you in a win-or-lose mentality in which uncertainty heightens your anxiety. In contrast, infinite players recognize uncertainty as an essential part of the game—one that adds an element of surprise and possibility and enables them to challenge their roles and the game’s parameters.
...
Chouinard [Moi ici: Fundador da Patagonia] has learned to face uncertainty with courage—and in fact to be energized by it—because he views his role as improving the game, not just playing it. “Managers of a business that want to be around for the next 100 years had better love change,” he advises in his book. “When there [is] no crisis, the wise leader…will invent one.”"
Depois de ler isto, recordar o que é mais comum em Portugal: resistir, chorar, chamar o papá estado, em vez de abraçar a mudança:
Trechos retirados de "How to Overcome Your Fear of the Unknown"
"Muitas vezes tomamos decisões e clarificamos e somos claros sobre o que decidimos, mas quase sempre esquecemos de enunciar, de tornar claro e transparente aquilo a que renunciamos, e quais são os pressupostos e implicações das nossas decisões.Por exemplo, vejo muitas empresas entusiasmadas com a aplicação das metodologias lean desenvolvidas na Toyota, mas poucas sabem que o Toyota Production System parte do pressuposto que o planeamento da produção está congelado 8 semanas para a frente?"
Na Wikipedia, sobre entimema pode ler-se:
"The first type of enthymeme is a truncated syllogism, or a syllogism with an unstated premise.
Here is an example of an enthymeme derived from a syllogism through truncation (shortening) of the syllogism:
"Socrates is mortal because he's human."
The complete formal syllogism would be the classic:
All humans are mortal. (major premise – unstated)
Socrates is human. (minor premise – stated)
Therefore, Socrates is mortal. (conclusion – stated)
While syllogisms lay out all of their premises and conclusion explicitly, these kinds of enthymemes keep at least one of the premises or the conclusion unstated."
"Segments aren’t homogeneous. It isn’t as simple as ‘these are our customers’ and ‘those are yours.’ Instead, there are many shades. Your choices make your offering perfect for someone — portrayed as the black dot in both sides of the illustration above. The circle on the left is a view of the segment from above with the two axes connoting segmentation variables, and the right is a view from the side with the vertical axis connoting value in excess of the best competitive alternative — I think of it as an upside-down bowl sitting on a counter top. For the dot customer, its desires match perfectly with your offering. Because of that perfect match, that customer is at the very center of the circle on the left and at the very peak of the curve on the right.Radiating out from that perfect customer are customers who value your offering ever less — they are farther from the center of the circle on the left and are farther down the upside-down bowl on the left. If a customer is located at the very edge of the circle on the left, it is indifferent between your offer and that of a competitor (or competitors). And they will be at the lip of the bowl on the right — for them, there is no value advantage of your offer over that of competition. Think about it in terms of heat. Customers in the center are intensely hot about your offer and as you radiate from the cetnter, they get ever cooler about your offer until they are completely indifferent. So, your market is defined by the size of the customer population within the circumference of your circle/to the lip of your bowl.The bigger the circle/bowl, the more valuable your strategy. [Moi ici: É aqui que a palavra entimema começa a fazer-se sentir]...The more successful and valuable offerings have a shallow and lengthy drop-off from the perfect customer. The less valuable — even though highly valuable to the customers within their tiny circle — have a steep drop-off.The steepness of the drop-off is what makes the difference between successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs. Many unsuccessful entrepreneurs design an offering that is extremely valuable to the perfect customer — typically themselves — but the drop-off is so steep that their idea collapses, not because it didn’t create value, but because the steepness of the drop-off makes it impossible to make the economics work. Successful entrepreneurs design their offering in a way that appeals to a much broader audience. [Moi ici: Quem são os clientes-alvo para o Roger Martin? PMEs? Não! As empresas com que Roger Martin trabalha são empresas grandes, empresas que precisam de volume e que não podem ser muito focadas num determinado tipo de cliente. Para uma PME a situação é completamente oposta]The implication is that you need to design for your perfect customer but equally think carefully about the decline curve. If you obsess about the perfect customer and not about the shape of the value decline curve, you will be out of business." [Moi ici: Para PMEs o que interessa é a capacidade de gerar paixão assimétrica, a capacidade de falar para uma tribo de sangue. Sem isso, boa sorte a tentar subir na escala de valor e a conseguir aumentar preços para poder competir por recursos]
Há muito que uso aqui a metáfora do Dick Dastardly para retratar as empresas que se focam mais nos concorrentes do que nos clientes. Por exemplo:
"Competitor orientationWhat is so wrong with all of this, you might wonder? Why not focus on competitors and what they do, and augment it by evolving your own offering? I’m often asked this question by marketers I train and who are shocked at the lack of competitor assessments that I recommend as part of brand diagnosis.I like looking at competitors through customer’s eyes, but I’m less interested in the insights that can be derived from directly studying competitors. In fact, it turns out there are very good reasons not to focus too heavily on competitors, what they do and how they do it.There is a long and rewarding literature on the power of market orientation and keeping the customer in your cross hairs at all times. And there is an equally persuasive literature on the perils of competitor orientation – of switching our gaze from our customers to our competitors and how they do things. And that danger multiplies significantly if these insights turn to action and we start to replicate our competitors’ moves in our own approach....As strategy guru Roger Martin observes, we are set for “a financial bloodbath”. That’s the scenario he predicts when multiple companies go to the same market, with the same strategy, at the same time. And he is right.We’ve beaten up differentiation for too long in marketing. Sure, there is no unique offering out there. And no one will ever own any attribute or association. But playing the game your way, to your strengths, on your terms remains one of the hallmarks of successful business strategy."
Ontem por volta das 12h15 na CNN Portugal ouvi estes números acerca do turismo em São Miguel, Açores:
Eu: Imaginem a pressão sobre a ilha decorrente de aumentos sucessivos do número de turistas.
Tótó: Mas os açorianos têm direito a ganhar com a beleza natural da ilha.
Eu: Sim, mas se aumentarem os preços, se criarem escassez, conseguem ganhar mais enquanto se estraga menos e, ao mesmo tempo, valorizam mais a experiência do turista.
Tótó: Mas se aumentarmos os preços os turistas deixam de vir.
Eu: Se aumentarem os preços, com menos turistas, mais do que compensam o que hoje ganham em volume, e gastam menos recursos, precisam de menos mão de obra.
Tótó: Mas temos de democratizar o turismo nos Açores?
Eu: Querem fazer dos Açores um local tão popular, tão popular que ninguém lá vai?
Recordo os postais acerca dos pescadores que aprenderam o que fazer com a sardinha - Uma evolução interessante
Recordar Volume é vaidade, lucro é sanidade.
BTW, reflectir sobre "Cláudio Martins: há clientes estrangeiros que “não compram vinhos portugueses porque são superbaratos”"
Comparar o conteúdo deste artigo, "Two years in the making, these jeans are the antidote to fast fashion", por exemplo:
"Fashion brands grow by selling you clothes that will go out of style. Asket sells you pieces that will last at least five years, so you don’t need to come back for more.
...
“Fashion design is about planned obsolescence,” says Bringéus. “You’re creating something with a due date. When it’s on the shelf, your designers are already working on what’s coming out in two years. And you’re telling your customers what you bought yesterday is no longer socially acceptable to wear next year.”"
Com estes postais Are you prepared to walk the talk? ou Curiosidade do dia chamei a atenção para a incongruência do fast fashion querer tocar a tecla da sustentabilidade.
Como querem conciliar as duas coisas?
