“Entities at each level deliver value to customers at the next level. Each entity in a chain, except consumers, is thus a value delivery system. At each level there may be many other comparable entities, which are often in competition.
In addition to these levels, there are often entities of importance to an organization that do not buy or sell that organization's product. (Moi ici: Quem se concentra no produto que fabrica tem dificuldade em descobrir esta realidade.) They are not in line with the main levels in the chain, but they may be crucially important. Such off-line entities include regulators, legislators, governmental services, various politicians, the local community near a plant, standard-setting bodies, various kinds of thought-leaders, suppliers of non-competing products to entities in the chain, consultants, or third-party payers such as insurance companies. Usually these off-line entities are also VDSs in their own right and may be very important to understand.”
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“For each business, the customer entities at some level in the chain will be the most essential for the organization to understand. The proposition delivered to these customers will determine the business's success, even if the organization is only indirectly involved in its delivery and even if other customers in the same chain are more immediate customers. These most essential customers are primary entities. The more immediate customers between the organization and these primary entities are best understood as supporting entities; in this case, they are intermediaries. Other supporting entities may include suppliers, off-line entities, or customers of the primary entity, for example”
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“Entities (organizations or individuals) which are at the most distant level in the chain where these criteria are still met should be considered the primary entity. For, it is the choice of value proposition to these customers that must shape the design of the business.”
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“On the other hand, the primary entity is not necessarily the customer at the last level of the chain. Nor is it necessarily what is usually meant by `end-user.'”
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“Whenever the primary entity is separated from an organization by one or more levels in the chain, the levels in between can be understood as intermediaries. A channel of distribution is usually an intermediary between a manufacturer and its primary entity. However, intermediary entities are not unimportant. ”
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“A complicating factor in understanding the value delivery chain is the implicit assumption that an organization's task is to please the entities at all levels in the chain. Sometimes it is unavoidable, when delivering the most important value proposition in a chain, to deliver an inferior value proposition to entities at one or more other levels in that same chain. (Moi ici: Este é o truque... se apostar em seduzir o consumidor com uma proposta de valor superior... a distribuição pode sentir-se obrigada a trabalhar com a minha empresa e nas minhas condições porque pressionada pelo consumidor. Qual tem sido o percurso de muitas marcas? Abdicar de trabalhar junto da mente do consumidor e, desviar recursos daí para a relação com a distribuição... mas a distribuição não está parada e também tem as suas marcas. E depois aparecem as Centromarcas a queixarem-se "Agarrem-me senão mato-me!") In fact, deliberately choosing to do so can be nothing short of strategically brilliant.”
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“Once an organization realizes who the real primary entity should be, it must ensure that those primary entities are delivered the right value proposition. This is the primary value proposition, which is delivered by the primary value delivery system. This VDS includes actions by the organization but may also include those of intermediaries and others in the chain. To motivate these other entities to participate in this larger VDS, an organization must also deliver supporting value propositions to these other entities. Thus, to make money in a value delivery chain means designing both primary and supporting VDSs”
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