sexta-feira, novembro 18, 2011
The systemic nature of customer value
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Assim, comecei a trabalhar o conceito de proposta de valor num sentido que me levou, na prática, ao que Michael Lanning publicou em 1998 e que só li no ano passado:
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"The combination of resulting experiences, including price, which an organization delivers to a group of intended customers in some time frame, in return for those customers buying/using and otherwise doing what the organization wants rather than taking some competing alternative.”
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De clientes-alvo, com esta empresa, apercebi-me, encontrei-me numa situação em que o cliente-alvo não é o alvo das experiências a co-criar... fizemos o by-pass aos clientes-alvo, trabalhando com prescritores, com reguladores, com ... ou seja, de clientes-alvo passei cadeia da procura, rede da procura.
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Entretanto, com os nórdicos, Gronroos, Storbacka e Gummesson, os conceitos de balanced centricity e many-to-many entraram no meu modelo mental.
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Desta forma fica mais complicado definir o que é a proposta de valor de uma empresa inserida numa cadeia da procura, inserida numa rede de many-to-many... não é só para um grupo de "intended customers" (o grupo de italianos que ontem, às 18h30 saíram de metro do aeroporto para a cidade do Porto são clientes-alvo do metro, são clientes-alvo do hotel onde ficaram hospedados... mas como foi feita a ligação comercial hotel-turista? E se o turista gosta do hotel mas detesta a cidade? E se o turista gosta do hotel e da cidade mas receia pela sua segurança? E se o turista gosta do hotel e da cidade, não tem receios de segurança mas apanha uma intoxicação alimentar...
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Assim, foi mais uma peça do puzzle vivo que vai criando, alterando, mexendo, enriquecendo o meu modelo mental que encontrei neste artigo "The new meaning of customer value: a systemic perspective" de Mikko Pynnonen, Paavo Ritala e Jukka Hallikas (não é por acaso que estes temas são tratados por nórdicos... sobretudo finlandeses), publicado pelo Journal of Business Strategy VOL. 32 NO. 1 2011.
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"In a nutshell, the systemic nature of customer value reflects the fact that the value delivered (Moi ici "Value delivered"? Isso não se admite num artigo publicado em 2011... value co-created) to the customer is dependent on more than one attribute, and possibly on more than one firm. This means that companies operating in the world of systemic value find it hard to succeed with the help of traditional management theories and methods. This is where the systems-thinking perspective on customer value creation could offer valuable and insightful ideas and tools for management."
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"Traditionally, firms have sought to make profits from transactions. However, some firms realize that not all transactions have to generate money directly because in the world of systemic value, giving something for free enables even bigger profits somewhere else in the network." (Moi ici: Novo? Não, é aprender com a indústria farmacêutica e trabalhar os prescritores, por exemplo)
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Nunca esquecer aquela frase:
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NUNCA!
Nunca é tarde para aprender!
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Às vezes é demasiado cedo!!!
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Às vezes não temos estrutura mental, experiência de vida, vocabulário para perceber o que estamos a ver, ou a ler, ou ouvir, ou a sentir.
segunda-feira, agosto 16, 2010
Quem define a 'personalidade' da cadeia de valor?
"In any value delivery chain, to the left of an organization may be suppliers, to the right an immediate customer, then their immediate customer, and so on. At the end of the chain resides some last relevant customer; this is the last level in the chain that is important for an organization to understand.
In reality, levels may extend indefinitely but are only relevant if they could influence an organization's Value Delivery System (VDS).
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Entities at each level deliver value to customers at the next level. Each entity in a chain, except consumers, is thus a value delivery system.
At each level there may be many other comparable entities, which are often in competition.
In addition to these levels, there are often entities of importance to an organization that do not buy or sell that organization's product. They are not in line with the main levels in the chain, but they may be crucially important.
Such off-line entities include regulators, legislators, governmental services, various politicians, the local community near a plant, standard setting bodies, various kinds of thought-leaders, suppliers of non-competing products to entities in the chain, consultants, or third-party payers such as insurance companies. Usually these off-line entities are also VDSs in their own right and may be very important to understand.
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For each business, the customer entities at some level in the chain will be the most essential for the organization to understand. The proposition delivered to these customers will determine the business's success, even if the organization is only indirectly involved in its delivery and even if other customers in the same chain are more immediate customers. These most essential customers are primary entities. The more immediate customers between the organization and these primary entities are best understood as supporting entities; in this case, they are intermediaries. Other supporting entities may include suppliers, off-line entities, or customers of the primary entity, for example.
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Entities (organizations or individuals) which are at the most distant level in the chain where these criteria are still met should be considered the primary entity. For, it is the choice of value proposition to these customers that must shape the design of the business.
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Primary entities are furthest from the organization where potentially:
1 they use product the organization makes or contributes to making
2 the organization's profit is significantly impacted by decisions they make
3 the organization could affect the value proposition delivered to them, even if only indirectly through others in the chain.
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When a chain is long and complex, with entities between an organization and the consumer playing important roles, the inability to see the key significance of the consumer is not surprising. Sometimes this inability reflects not the chain's subtlety but simply an organization's greater comfort with immediate customers. It's certainly easier to deal only with immediate customers, which are frequently more like the organization, itself. That is, these customers understand the organization's products, technologies, and processes. They, unlike the consumer, talk the organization's lingo. Consumers, by contrast, can even seem a bit exotic from the insulated perspective of an industrial-business organization."
domingo, maio 23, 2010
Se há coisa que não suporto é misturar catequese com negócios
quinta-feira, março 11, 2010
Clientes-alvo e Proposta de Valor (parte III)
“Entities at each level deliver value to customers at the next level. Each entity in a chain, except consumers, is thus a value delivery system. At each level there may be many other comparable entities, which are often in competition.
In addition to these levels, there are often entities of importance to an organization that do not buy or sell that organization's product. (Moi ici: Quem se concentra no produto que fabrica tem dificuldade em descobrir esta realidade.) They are not in line with the main levels in the chain, but they may be crucially important. Such off-line entities include regulators, legislators, governmental services, various politicians, the local community near a plant, standard-setting bodies, various kinds of thought-leaders, suppliers of non-competing products to entities in the chain, consultants, or third-party payers such as insurance companies. Usually these off-line entities are also VDSs in their own right and may be very important to understand.”
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“For each business, the customer entities at some level in the chain will be the most essential for the organization to understand. The proposition delivered to these customers will determine the business's success, even if the organization is only indirectly involved in its delivery and even if other customers in the same chain are more immediate customers. These most essential customers are primary entities. The more immediate customers between the organization and these primary entities are best understood as supporting entities; in this case, they are intermediaries. Other supporting entities may include suppliers, off-line entities, or customers of the primary entity, for example”
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“Entities (organizations or individuals) which are at the most distant level in the chain where these criteria are still met should be considered the primary entity. For, it is the choice of value proposition to these customers that must shape the design of the business.”
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“On the other hand, the primary entity is not necessarily the customer at the last level of the chain. Nor is it necessarily what is usually meant by `end-user.'”
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“Whenever the primary entity is separated from an organization by one or more levels in the chain, the levels in between can be understood as intermediaries. A channel of distribution is usually an intermediary between a manufacturer and its primary entity. However, intermediary entities are not unimportant. ”
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“A complicating factor in understanding the value delivery chain is the implicit assumption that an organization's task is to please the entities at all levels in the chain. Sometimes it is unavoidable, when delivering the most important value proposition in a chain, to deliver an inferior value proposition to entities at one or more other levels in that same chain. (Moi ici: Este é o truque... se apostar em seduzir o consumidor com uma proposta de valor superior... a distribuição pode sentir-se obrigada a trabalhar com a minha empresa e nas minhas condições porque pressionada pelo consumidor. Qual tem sido o percurso de muitas marcas? Abdicar de trabalhar junto da mente do consumidor e, desviar recursos daí para a relação com a distribuição... mas a distribuição não está parada e também tem as suas marcas. E depois aparecem as Centromarcas a queixarem-se "Agarrem-me senão mato-me!") In fact, deliberately choosing to do so can be nothing short of strategically brilliant.”
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“Once an organization realizes who the real primary entity should be, it must ensure that those primary entities are delivered the right value proposition. This is the primary value proposition, which is delivered by the primary value delivery system. This VDS includes actions by the organization but may also include those of intermediaries and others in the chain. To motivate these other entities to participate in this larger VDS, an organization must also deliver supporting value propositions to these other entities. Thus, to make money in a value delivery chain means designing both primary and supporting VDSs”
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sábado, março 06, 2010
Clientes-alvo e Proposta de Valor
For purposes of formulating strategy, market-spaces can be defined with narrow or broad boundaries. That is, almost any market-space can be seen as a part of a still larger market-space. At the lowest level within a market-space are strategic options, each a single potential VDS."
quarta-feira, março 03, 2010
Proposta de valor uma opção que deve levar à paranóia. (parte II)
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Quando facilito o desenvolvimento de um mapa da estratégia começo sempre pela identificação dos clientes-alvo e pela identificação, na sua linguagem, do que é que os vai fazer ficarem satisfeitos:Depois, procuro transmitir a ideia:
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The central framework of this book conceives of a business as an integrated system entirely oriented around the delivery of a chosen value proposition.
That is, a business should be defined and managed as a value delivery system (VDS) rather than by the conventional model of a product-supply system.
A product-supply focus should be replaced by the deceptively simple but fundamentally different value delivery focus.
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First, to discover the most valuable customer experiences, managers should use the method of systematically becoming the customer. This means to explore, observe, analyze, and redesign creatively the actual experiences potential customers do and could have. This exploration is radically different from conventional market research. Using this basic method, managers forsake traditional market segmentation in favor of systematically identifying value delivery options. Then they make a disciplined choice of which value delivery systems the organization will implement. All functions, resources, and capabilities are then developed, managed, and measured according to these designed and chosen value delivery systems."