o vector tempo não é irrelevante (parte II)

Recordar estes postais sobre a aplicação dos princípios da física à economia:

• como se fosse um problema de poder de computação. (Setembro de 2015)
• O triunfo da heterogeneidade (Agosto de 2012)
• Em sintonia com os Austríacos (Julho de 2011)
• Na Economia o factor tempo conta, não é um universo newtoniano (Junho de 2011)
• É impossível matematizar a realidade... ainda bem!!! (Maio de 2011)
• o vector tempo não é irrelevante (Agosto de 2010)

"The difference between economic competition and the successful procedure of science is that the former exhibits a method of discovering particular temporary circumstances, while science seeks to discover something often known as “general facts,” i.e., regularities in events, and is concerned with unique, particular facts only to the extent that they tend to refute or confirm its theories. Since this is a matter of general and permanent features of our world, scientific discoveries have ample time to demonstrate their value, whereas the usefulness of particular circumstances disclosed by economic competition is to a considerable extent transitory. ... By the nature of things, however, the theory of the market is unable to accomplish this in all those cases in which it is reasonable to make use of competition. As we shall see, the predictive power of this theory is necessarily constrained to a prediction of the type of structure or abstract order that will result; it does not, however, extend to a prediction of particular events.
...
The basis for this point of view is the conviction that the coarse structure of the economy can exhibit no regularities that are not results of the fine structure, and that those aggregates or mean values, which alone can be grasped statistically, give us no information about what takes place in the fine structure. The notion that we must formulate our theories so that they can be immediately applied to observable statistical or other measurable quantities seems to me to be a methodological error which, had the natural sciences followed it, would have greatly obstructed their progress. All we can require of theories is that, after an input of relevant data, conclusions can be derived from them that can be checked against reality. The fact that these concrete data are so diverse and complex in our area of inquiry that we can never take them all into account is an unchangeable fact, but not a shortcoming of the theory. A result of this fact is that we can derive from our theories only very general statements, or “pattern predictions,” as I have called them elsewhere; we cannot, however, derive any specific predictions of individual events from them. Certainly, however, this does not justify insisting that we derive unambiguous relationships among the immediately observable variables, or that this is the only way of obtaining scientific knowledge—particularly not if we know that, in that obscure image of reality we call statistics, in aggregates and averages we unavoidably summarize many things whose causal meaning is very diverse."

F. A. Hayek em "Competition as a Discovery Process"

Privilegiar os inputs sobre os outputs (parte VIII)

Parte I, parte II, parte III, parte IV, parte V, parte VI e parte VII.

"servicification. This means that the emphasis, when we look at offerings, is no longer on the production process that historically created them as outputs, but in their property as inputs in the value creating process of the customers system. This shift of emphasis from production to use, from output to input, from the past to the future, immediately widens the scope of what an offering is, what kinds of characteristics a company needs to build into its offerings, and what competences are required of the company. It also automatically shifts the emphasis from the transaction to more long-term relationship with the customer…
experiencification. By this I mean that offerings are now increasingly designed to be linked also into the mental and symbolic processes of customers including the meaning and purpose of their value-creating activities. In fact, many offerings which seem like products are simply artefacts which fulfill the function of bringing to the customer a context, a story even, which is somehow meaningful to him. Artefacts link a more general, external reality with and inner, personal, reality into a whole characterized by the pursuit of meaning and purpose."

Escrever sobre este título "Privilegiar os inputs sobre os outputs" e recordar uma linguagem muito usada em empresas industriais:

- "A expedição é o cú da fábrica!"

Trechos retirados de "Reframing business" de Richard Normann.

Privilegiar os inputs sobre os outputs (parte III)

Parte I e parte II.
                   

"A second implication of looking at our customer offering as an input into the customer's value creation rather than as an output of our own system is that we most look at other inputs on the customer side.
…
Seeing the offering to the customer as an input in the customer's value-creating process it is often useful to distinguish between two types of effect. The first is related to the customer's internal efficiency, mainly as manifested in the customer's cost structure. If the cost of various inputs to the customer's process can be made lower, or if we can create inputs which make the customer's internal processes more efficient, the customer will have the benefit of a cost advantage as a result of our intervention. However, there is also the possibility that the input we provide to the customer has a direct effect on the customer's own customer offering, i.e. the offering to our customer's customers. In this case our intervention will be directly visible (although not necessarily possible to directly attribute to our intervention) to the customer's customer. Our customer's ability to develop his market position as a result of offering innovation will he enhanced. We may say that his external effectiveness has been enhanced."

Interessante esta referência às duas palavras eficiência e eficácia. Não esquecer o quanto a palavra eficaz pode ser relevante na estratégia das PME. Recordar "if the customer don't care about the price, the retailer should not care about the cost" - eficácia mais importante que eficiência.

Percebo muito bem porque é que Normann (na Parte II) fala em "upframing". Abraçar esta abordagem é como subir a uma montanha, e olhar para a planície onde se costuma estar e ver as coisas familiares de uma outra perspectiva e conseguir desenhar padrões de interacção que nunca tinham sido considerados.

Continua tremendo este Richard Normann e o seu "Reframing Business"!!!

Privilegiar os inputs sobre os outputs (parte II)

Parte I.

"Prime Movers, by reconfiguring, draw new boundaries thereby erasing old system definitions. ... moving from narrow and traditional competences to mobilizing broader (and developing new) competences, and from accepting the existing business definitions and rules of the game to imposing new rules of the game that transcend traditional industry boundaries and business system definitions.
…
Prime Movership not only as a set of objective, observable behaviors, but also as a mode of being, a mind-set.
…
Companies with a strong identification with their product (or production process) rarely become reforming Prime Movers although it is not uncommon for them to think of themselves as such. Those who do typically have a mental orientation more related to a broader notion of value creation. They look at the overall functioning and the larger, overall system in which they themselves are a part. We will refer to this as upframing.
…
A company that wants to expand its notion of the Value-creating System in which it works may start by systematically looking at the life cycles of the products and the total value-creation contexts of the customers with which it works.
…
A particularly fruitful way of reframing, in our experience, is to focus on the customer of the company as the major stakeholder, and to mentally frame oneself as part of the customer’s business. [Moi ici: Pensar nos inputs em vez de começar pelos outputs] … A major conceptual implication of doing so is to move away from the traditional industrial view of the customer offering as an output of one’s production system to a view in which the customer offering is seen as an input in the customer’s value creating process.  [Moi ici: Tremendo insight!!!] This requires the company to understand the customer’s business and value-creating process and use that as the basic framework within which one defines one’s business."

Tremendo este Richard Normann e o seu "Reframing Business"!!!

No caminho da "magia" (parte II)

Parte I que cita "Conseguem imaginar os job-to-be-done?".

Apreciar esta inovação:

This glove can give the disabled working hands pic.twitter.com/kuEbPArfXL

— Vala Afshar (@ValaAfshar) October 15, 2017

Não consigo deixar de pensar nos Golias do sector, mais interessados em aumentarem a quota de mercado através de aquisições e fusões, mais interessados no output do que no input, incapazes de calçarem os sapatos do cliente e verem o mundo de oportunidades a partir dessa perspectiva. Recordar também este postal, "Cuidado com a absolutização do que a nossa empresa produz".

"it took a holistic approach towards how to play"

Retirei a figura que se segue do livro "Reframing Business" de Richard Normann:

Figura fácil de relacionar com esta estória:

"Where to play: Instead of thinking about existing customers, Pro 7 asked itself, who is not buying TV advertising and why not? The answer: Start ups and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Why don’t they buy? They usually don’t have the money. If they have the money, they don’t want to spend it on something like TV advertising with an uncertain outcome. And even if they were interested in buying TV advertising, they didn’t have the experience and skills to plan and execute a TV media campaign.
.
How to play: Instead of simply thinking about how to make the existing product, TV advertising, available to start ups and SMEs, Pro 7 took a more holistic approach, thinking about the products, services, the customer experience, but also the business and revenue models required to turn these noncustomers into customers, while at the same time making sure Pro 7 would not sacrifice its margins. The initial answer was to give away advertising minutes for free and in turn receive a share of the revenues created by its advertising. Along with this new revenue model, Pro 7 took care of media strategy and planning, spot production and execution, offering the new customers a holistic customer experience. Since its origins in 2012, the model has evolved into media-for-revenue-share and media-for-equity, making Pro 7 the first company in the world investing with its media power into start ups.
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How to win: The change in the revenue model occurred only after some time. The initial media-for-revenue-share model made a lot of sense for the customers, but not for Pro 7. Only after offering media-for-equity did the new strategy create value not only for the customers, but also for Pro 7, and other equity partners, who had complained about the revenue-share model, as Pro 7 was taking cash out of the business.
.
So in other words, Pro 7 asked about noncustomers and what their barriers to consumption were; it took a holistic approach towards how to play, crafting a comprehensive offering, business model, and revenue model; and it thought about how to create value not only for its customers, but also itself, and its ecosystem partners."

Calçar os sapatos do cliente, ou do não cliente, e ver o mundo pelos seus olhos. O truque é deixar de pensar em despachar os outputs que se produzem e pensar nos inputs na vida do cliente. Como ele pensa, como ele opera, que medos, que preocupações, que aspirações...

Há dias li este trecho:

"Think “input before output”"

E dei-lhe uma outra interpretação, mais em linha com este slide:

 Pensar em output é pensar em despachar o que se produz, o que no limite significa tentar impingir o vómito que se produz, o "old focus" da 1ª figura.

Pensar em input é pensar no "new focus" da 1ª figura e perceber que o que damos numa relação B2B é um input para ser processado na relação que interessa ao cliente, a sua relação com o seu cliente.

Trecho retirado de "What’s the focus of your strategy conversations?"

COAR-map e mapas da estratégia (parte VIII)

 Parte I, parte II, parte III, parte IV, parte V, parte VI e parte VII.

"After the capabilities were identified at a high level, the next step is to create an analytical framework as shown in Table 6 (table shows a partial list of capabilities):

Each cell contains a score to reflect the state of the capability the following information:

• 0 (zero): The capability does not exist at all

• 1 (one): The capability needs to be improved

• 2 (two): The capability is good enough for meeting customer and stakeholder outcomes

The cells could be colored green, yellow or red for visual effect.
This analysis prepares the organization for the hands‐on effort in executing strategy. To efficiently carry out the operational activities required for designing and administering sales compensation, the organization needs to:

• For cells with a ‘0’ identify the specific capabilities that are missing

• For cells with a ‘1’ identify the specific capabilities that need to be improved

• Perform a detailed analysis to identify programs and projects that will create or improve the capabilities. This list is a very key input to the strategy execution effort of the organization

• Select programs and projects to implement (see the section on ‘Portfolio Management’ below for some details on how to select a program or project)

• Monitor the core objectives to ensure the strategy execution stays on track (accountability)

• Build organizational processes to ensure continuous improvement"

Isto é muito parecido com a abordagem que seguimos para identificar que investimentos realizar ao nível da perspectiva de recursos e infra-estruturas.

Trechos retirados de "Importance of Strategy Execution in Influencing Sales Behavior"

Produtividade para o século XXI (parte IV)

Parte I, parte II e parte III.

"According to the traditional manufacturing-related productivity concept, productivity is defined as the ratio between outputs produced and inputs used, given that the quality of the outputs is kept constant (the constant quality assumption), or
Only if the quality of the production output is constant and there is no significant variation in the ratio between inputs used and outputs produced with these inputs, productivity can be measured with traditional methods. The constant quality assumption is normally taken for granted and not explicitly expressed. Therefore, the critical importance of this assumption is easily forgotten. [Moi ici: Forgotten por todos este pormaior fundamental. Subir na escala de valor é uma forma de dinamitar a constant quality assumption. É ela que gera o fenómeno da perseguição entre  gato e o rato (salário e produtividade)] However, in most service processes it does not apply.

In services, it is not only the inputs that are difficult to calculate, it is also difficult to get a useful measurement of the outputs. Output measured as volumes is useful only if customers are willing to buy this output. In manufacturing, where the constant quality assumption applies, customers can be expected to buy an output produced with an altered input or resource structure. However, in services we do not know whether customers indeed will purchase the output produced with a different input structure or not. It depends on the effects of the new resources or inputs used on perceived process-related and outcome-related quality. Hence, productivity cannot be understood without taking into account the interrelationship between the use of inputs or production resources and the perceived quality of the output produced with these resources. The interrelationship between internal efficiency and external efficiency is crucial for understanding and managing service productivity."

Produtividade para o século XXI (parte II)

Parte I.

"What is meant by productivity?The productivity of an operation is related to how effectively input resources in a process (manufacturing process, service process) are transformed into economic results for the service provider and value for its customers. As a consequence of high productivity, a favorable profit impact should be achieved for the service provider and good value created for the customers. This productivity concept is normally stated in a simplified form as the effective transformation of input resources into outputs, the quality of which is unchanged (a constant quality assumption). In services, especially for two reasons, it has turned out to be difficult to use such a productivity concept. First of all, it is seldom possible to clearly define ‘‘one unit of a service.’’ Because of this, productivity measurements in services are normally only partial measurements, such as how many customers are served per period by one waiter in a restaurant or how many phone calls are dispatched by one employee in a call centre.
...
However, cost-cutting changes in the resources used may equally well have the opposite effect. They may create a servicescape and service process where the perceived quality deteriorates, and customers become dissatisfied with the value they get and start to look for other options. In that case, as less value for customers than before is created in the service process, the service provider’s revenue-generating capability declines. Using a traditional productivity concept, Anderson et al.  studied the relationship between customer satisfaction, productivity and profits in manufacturing and service industries, respectively. [Moi ici: É pensar no hara-kiri em curso dos bancos, por exemplo] They found that in services a high level of either customer satisfaction with quality or productivity measured in a traditional way was associated with higher profit, but not both simultaneously. In manufacturing higher customer satisfaction and productivity levels were found to be associated with improved profits.
In manufacturing, productivity is a concept related to production efficiency. However, the problem with being an effective service organization is that productivity and perceived quality are inseparable phenomena. Improving productivity may have a neutral or positive impact on quality, but equally well it may reduce perceived quality. If the latter happens, satisfaction with quality declines, customer value goes down, and the risk that the firm will lose customers increases. Revenues go down and this may have a negative effect on the economic result, in spite of the fact that costs may have been reduced as well."

Pois, e se tudo for serviço?

Continua.

Mais do que o custo

"Our research into business model innovation in Asia uncovered two distinct, yet overlapping, waves of innovation: one decades old and still going, and one that ... is evolving now.
...
The first wave, as we call it, primarily exploited differences in labor and other input costs between developed and developing markets. By contrast, the second wave is driven primarily by business model innovation and typically leverages new technology. [Moi ici: Em tom quasi irónico direi que apostam em dumping legislativo. Sociedades mais abertas à mudança e com menos direitos adquiridos pelos incumbentes] These companies are characterized by extensive and often radical reconfigurations of the profit formula, resources, processes, and relationships within a broader stakeholder ecosystem.
...
The first wave of innovation from emerging markets in Asia has been predicated on the replication of existing business models at lower cost. As the model has evolved, it has become increasingly sophisticated,
...
Nonetheless, we believe the second wave could be even more disruptive than the first wave was. There are three reasons why, all of which reveal the ability of second-wave companies to achieve scale while remaining nimble.
.
The first reason is that second-wave companies fundamentally reimagine various facets of the business model. The second is that second-wave companies find new, often digitally enabled, ways in which resources and processes can be leveraged, ... The third is that second-wave companies identify creative ways for partners, stakeholders, and customers to be involved in value creation and capture, [Moi ici: Co-criação e ecossistemas]
...
If you want to reimagine your own business model, the first step is challenging the fundamental assumptions about what it means to be a business, employee, partner, or customer."

Trechos retirados de "The Next Wave of Business Models in Asia"

A importância do essencial

Ao longo dos anos abordo o tema do retorno da atenção e da estreiteza da nossa largura de banda, se dedicamos a nossa atenção a umas coisas não a podemos dedicar a outras ao mesmo tempo. Recordar O retorno da atenção (Agosto de 2009).

Agora em Pre-suasion encontro:

"In the English language, we are said to “pay” attention, which plainly implies that the process extracts a cost. Research on cognitive functioning shows us the form of the fee: when attention is paid to something, the price is attention lost to something else. Indeed, because the human mind appears able to hold only one thing in conscious awareness at a time, the toll is a momentary loss of focused attention to everything else. Have you ever noticed how difficult it is to experience - genuinely experience - two things at once?
...
my car’s CD player is structured to work like my brain, allowing me but a single track of music at a time. That’s for good reason, as it would be folly to play more than one simultaneously. I’d just hear noise. So it is with human cognition. Even though there are always multiple “tracks” of information available, we consciously select only the one we want to register at that moment. Any other arrangement would leave us overloaded and unable to react to distinct aspects of  the mongrelized input."

Recordar a contagem de passes e o gorila.

Por isto, também por isto, é importante esclarecer o que não é prioritário, o que não é estratégico, para que possamos dedicar mais tempo ao essencial.

Uma novela sobre Mongo (parte VI)

 Parte I, parte II, parte III, parte IV e parte V.

"From products to platformsBeing able to thrive going forward is about removing the finality that comes with the launch mentality: not assuming that a product is finished when we deliver it to the market. Brands that survive the current reconfiguration of economics will understand that a product or service is a continuum of development, a continuum that people take from the company and invent the next stages of. Brands are evolving into platforms for audiences to perform with and upon. This is the human input that the industrial system didn’t allow or even want. What’s interesting is that what the brand evolves into with the creativity of outsiders is usually better than what the corporate committee would have decided on. It’s certainly more varied because instead of one-size-fits-all, it’s one-size-fits-one."

Não nos cansamos de defender isto há anos e mais anos: a explosão de tribos, a interacção, a co-criação, a decomoditização. Isto é Mongo, o Estranhistão.

Uma novela sobre Mongo (parte V)

Parte I, parte II, parte III e parte IV.

"Most things from the industrial age were dead-end products. Dead-end products are those that arrive to the end purchaser in their final format. A price is paid and the benefit of the product is that it can be used as it is. Sure, we may be able to re-sell it, or even use it for an extended period of time, but it’s designed in a way that its primary purpose is to finish its lifecycle at that point.
.
But more than that, dead-end products are not intended to be reinterpreted, mashed up and released back into the market with our input. The time-saving devices of the industrialised world fit very much into this space. Time is saved because someone else did the hard work to prepare something for you. If you think about life preinternet, it was filled with dead-end products — packaged goods, fridges, cars, washing machines, sneakers, ducted heating, instant coffee, glossy magazines, sitcom television programs — all sit-backand- receive scenarios.
...
The world we live in now is about handing the brand back over to its rightful owners: the audience. Companies believe they own their brands, but in reality they don’t. A brand depends on those who purchase it for sustenance. If we stop feeding a brand, then the brand dies.
...
people are telling us is that they want to help create the things they use. There is a clear shift towards people preferring products that are not finished. They want products where they get involved in the making process. [Moi ici: Isto é Mongo, o reino da individualidade, da co-criação, da interacção] Everything from slow food to high-end technology is transitioning to the malleable marketplace."

Uma novela sobre Mongo (parte IV)

Parte I, parte II e parte III.

"I hear a man’s words, and I see into his soul.
The words we use shape the values we have. They shape the values and belief systems of the societies we live in.
...
The language used in corporate environments tells us much about the true value systems and culture of an organisation.
...
ConsumersConsumer. What a terrible way to refer to a person or group of people. Even pond scum can be defined using the word ‘consumer’. It’s such a detached way to refer to people, it’s as if all that can be seen is a mouth, a set of teeth and a gut. And it’s a classic example of large corporations forgetting they’re doing business with real people who have emotions, dreams and aspirations by defining them as a kind of parasite of commerce. If it sounds ugly, we need look no further than the definitions of the word ‘consume’ as a reminder.
.
Markets follow conversation The words we use are of vital strategic importance. It’s not just a matter of simple semantics. It has an important strategic impact on the way we approach the marketplace. As soon as any brand or company defines the people it sells its wares to as ‘consumers’ it impacts the overriding corporate culture. The rot sets in. It creates a cadre of behaviours that lead to poor business decisions. It’s a volumetric, non-human measure by nature, so it leads brands down a path where they want that faceless mass to buy and use more. It entices companies to build an infrastructure around serving masses and reducing input costs. This invariably leads to a corporate factory mindset where brands must sell more, prices must be reduced and market share must grow in volume terms. This leads to the inevitable death spiral of commoditisation and price focus. Defining people in this way stymies innovation. It creates an illusion of what a company should be doing in the first instance. It shifts the company focus onto the products they sell instead of the solutions they create. By defining people as the ‘absorbers’ of what is made, they’re hardly likely to find a better way to serve the needs of people. How can anyone possibly connect to and understand who they serve when those they serve are objectified into a product-usage behaviour?"

Trechos retirados de "The Great Fragmentation : why the future of business is small" de Steve Sammartino.

Acerca da produtividade

Ando a escrever sobre isto há anos:

"But ‘productivity’ is off-kilter: the original and subliminal meaning is the rate of output per unit of input, and which implicitly stresses increasing output. As I recently commented at a dinner party, the term ‘productivity’ has a bit of barbed wire in its deeper associations.
.
We aren’t really designing tools or practices to increase output, per se, despite using the term ‘productivity’ so liberally. We are really seeking to improve outcomes, which is something different altogether. And that distinction is critical, because it opens the door to incorporating innovation, creativity, and the emergent value of people cooperating toward mutual ends."

Por exemplo "Acerca da produtividade, mais uma vez (parte I)" e "Actualizem o documento por favor."

Trecho inicial retirado de "Progressivity, not Productivity"

Um ponto de vista diferente

"“What can we offer to customers that they are willing to purchase and pay for?” (as opposed to “How can we sell more of our existing offerings?”). To answer this question, it was argued that firms must start by understanding customers and their logic. In other words, the way managers think may become an important competitive advantage.
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In the CDL perspective, firms should be concerned with how they can become involved in customers’ lives instead of figuring out how to involve customers in the firms’ business: “There is a need to contrast the established provider-oriented view of involving the customer in service co-creation with a more radical customer-oriented view of involving the service provider in the customer’s life”. The difference between who is involved in whose processes is subtle but central:
Companies should try to discover the potential, unrealized value of a service by learning what processes customers are involved with in their own context, and what different types of input, both physical and mental, they would need to support those processes. This means setting out from understanding customers’ activities, and then supporting those activities, rather than starting from products/services and then identifying the activities where a company can fit in." 

Trecho retirado de "Customer-dominant logic: foundations and implications" de Kristina Heinonen e Tore Strandvik, publicado por Journal of Services Marketing, September 2015.

Há 46 anos... que capacidade de previsão

A minha cópia de "Choque do Futuro" de Alvin Toffler de 1970 está aqui na minha mão. Ao reler o capítulo X, "Os Fabricantes de Experiência" não posso deixar de me impressionar com a capacidade de antecipação:

"Conditioned to think in straight lines, economists have great difficulty imagining alternatives to communism and capitalism. They see in the growth of large-scale organization nothing more than a linear expansion of old-fashioned bureaucracy. They see technological advance as a simple, non-revolutionary extension of the known. Born of scarcity, trained to think in terms of limited resources, they can hardly conceive of a society in which man's basic material wants have been satisfied.
.
One reason for their lack of imagination is that when they think about technological advance, they concentrate solely on the means of economic activity. Yet the super-industrial revolution challenges the ends as well. It threatens to alter not merely the "how" of production but the "why." It will, in short, transform the very purposes of economic activity.
.
Before such an upheaval, even the most sophisticated tools of today's economists are helpless. Input-output tables, econometric models—the whole paraphernalia of analysis that economists employ simply do not come to grips with the external forces—political, social and ethical—that will transform economic life in the decades before us. What does "productivity" or "efficiency" mean in a society that places a high value on psychic fulfillment? [Moi ici: Impressionante! Recordar o que escrevemos por aqui acerca do eficientismo e da eficácia em Mongo] What happens to an economy when, as is likely, the entire concept of property is reduced to meaninglessness? [Moi ici: Share economy, experience economy! Fresquinho este "Why You Should Spend Your Money On Experiences, Not Things" por exemplo.]
...
Under conditions of scarcity, men struggle to meet their immediate material needs. Today under more affluent conditions, we are reorganizing the economy to deal with a new level of human needs. From a system designed to provide material satisfaction, we are rapidly creating an economy geared to the provision of psychic gratification. This process of "psychologization," one of the central themes of the super-industrial revolution, has been all but overlooked by the economists. Yet it will result in a novel, surprise-filled economy unlike any man has ever experienced. The issues raised by it will reduce the great conflict of the twentieth century, the conflict between capitalism and communism, to comparative insignificance.
...
As more and more of the basic material needs of the consumer are met, it is strongly predictable that even more economic energy will be directed at meeting the consumer's subtle, varied and quite personal needs for beauty, prestige, individuation, and sensory delight. The manufacturing sector will channel ever greater resources into the conscious design of psychological distinctions and gratifications. The psychic component of goods production will assume increasing importance.
...
As rising affluence and transience ruthlessly undercut the old urge to possess, consumers begin to collect experiences as consciously and passionately as they once collected things. ... The experience is, so to speak, the frosting on the cake. As we advance into the future, however, more and more experiences will be sold strictly on their own merits, exactly as if they were things.
...
Finally, we shall watch the irresistible growth of companies already in the experiential field, and the formation of entirely new enterprises, both profit and non-profit, to design, package and distribute planned or programmed experiences."

Até arrepia, esta capacidade de previsão.

Acerca do "endowment effect"

Ainda a propósito de "The Power of Customisation Without The Pain" de onde retiro estes trechos:

"The desire for more unique and authentic products means customers will respond positively to being asked for input rather than just choice. Building emotional connections requires them to imagine the product while creating it, see their lives with the product and how it fits them, long before they commit to buy, let alone receive the product. This emotional connection will encourage them to buy, so it is important to encourage them to develop it early.
...
Remember emotional branding: your customer should already be envisioning the sheets on their own bed when looking at your website, and not want to look elsewhere because yours look perfect. To do that, I would recommend very realistic product visualisation with the different SKUs broken down to their constituent design elements.
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So from a customer’s perspective, once they’ve selected the right “product”, they see a stunning visualisation of the sheets on a bed so that they can easily make the mental leap to imagining owning them."

Como não relacionar isto com o "endowment effect". Ver "Why Buyers and Sellers Inherently Disagree on What Things Are Worth":

"A third tactic is to get buyers to touch, hold, or imagine owning the good. Experiences like interacting with a product through a touchscreen, receiving a coupon for it, or temporarily being the highest bidder for it in an auction all have the potential to induce the endowment effect for the product if they make us feel like we own it."

RBT (parte II)

Parte I.
.
Nestes tempos em que andamos a preparar um caderno prático sobre o "Risk Based Thinking" (RBT) da ISO 9001:2015, dá logo para fazer paralelismos:

"Standardized processes that work are great. But if the folks at the head office get it wrong, then operations around the world can be locked into systematic dysfunction."

E:

"Call it assuming, call it blindspots, call it oversight, call it taking unknown forces for granted. Brian realized a valuable lesson from the kindergarten experience, and applied it to the Pathfinder project: inevitable, unforeseen and disruptive forces could be the ruin of the project, so there had to be a way to mitigate their potential impact.
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Now, in space projects like the Pathfinder mission, it’s the job of someone called the fault protection engineer to look at possible failures of the spacecraft, understand how to recognize them, how the spacecraft would react, and what the consequences might be. But the focus of the job is on “what is true now,” rather than “what must be true” for things to go as planned."

1º trecho retirado de "Don’t Set Process Without Input from Frontline Workers"

2º trecho retirado de "The Gremlin Strategy, or How to Ward Off Disruption"

"Compete with No One"

"within any industry, when the growth goals are summed across competitors, there are simply too few customers to support everyone’s growth goals.  Said another way, there are too many competitors trying to eat the same pie.
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The apex of this glorious battle is reached when companies no longer have points of differentiation and resort to competing on price.
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To start, define the operating envelope (range of inputs and outputs) for all the products in the market of interest.  Once defined, this operating envelope is off limits and the new product must operate outside the established design space.  By definition, because the new product will operate with input conditions that no one else’s can and generate outputs no one else can, the product will compete with no one.
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It’s time to push the organization toward the scary abyss of what could be very large new market, a market where the only competition would be no one.  And this is the real hard part – balancing the risk of a non-existent market with the reward of a whole new market which you’d call your own."

Trechos retirados de "Compete with No One"