O foco deve ser no cliente e não no produto.

Mais um artigo sobre um tema que me interessa "This Device Zaps the Spinal Cord to Give Paralyzed People Use of Their Hands Again".

Recordo:

• de 2016 - Um exemplo de miopia na vida real
• de 2017 - Cuidado com a absolutização do que a nossa empresa produz
• de 2019 - Ver para lá do que se conhece (parte III) ou manifestações em 3, 2, 1 ...

Imaginem a quantidade de empresas que vão ficar sem o seu ganha-pão porque alguém arranjou uma melhor solução. Claro que em Portugal o contribuinte tem outra função, apoiar incumbentes preguiçosos.

Não me canso de ver empresas tão concentradas no que fazem que passam ao lado das evoluções tecnológicas que vão tornar os seus produtos obsoletos, quando seriam as mais adequadas para tirar o máximo partido dessas inovações porque conhecem melhor do que ninguém, ou deviam conhecer melhor do que ninguém, os utilizadores. As tecnologias emergentes, como exoesqueletos, drones controlados pelo pensamento, e aplicações para pessoas com necessidades especiais, têm o potencial de transformar a vida dos utilizadores de cadeiras de rodas. Empresas estabelecidas no sector têm a vantagem do conhecimento profundo sobre os seus clientes, o que lhes deveria permitir integrar essas novas tecnologias de maneira mais eficaz e personalizada.

O foco deve ser no cliente e não no produto. Recordei a parábola do homem que vai lavrar um terreno e encontra um tesouro (Mt 13:44-46) ...

O foco deve ser no outcome e não no output.

Definir os resultados (outcomes)

A série inicial aqui:

De "Think “input before output”" até "Think “outcome before output”". 

Depois, " But they matter only as means to the ends that people seek".

Concentremos a atenção nos outcomes:

"The starting point, clearly, is defining "outcome" in the organization. From our perspective, there are four conditions that jointly determine whether a given outcome is suitable as the basis for a revenue model. First, the outcome must be meaningful-and therefore valuable-to customers. This point is obvious, yet many businesses still fall into the tempting trap of focusing on product or service attributes that they have an inherent interest or competitive advantage in, yet these attributes matter little to those who buy. Claims about meaningful outcomes which are the cornerstones of a firm's value proposition-could be objective or highly subjective, such as "enjoyment" in the case of Teatreneu. 

Second, the outcome must be measurable using one or more parameters that are understood and accepted by the organization and its customers. The organization must be able to quantify and express its performance claims in a manner that can form the basis of the exchange with customers. Customers must be able to verify the performance claims. Without these inputs, customers are exposed to possible access, consumption, and performance waste. In business markets, for example, perhaps the most basic outcome is that a particular product or service improves the profitability of customers, either by lowering their costs, increasing their revenue, or a combination of the two. But if profitability cannot be measured directly, then organizations must search for a parameter that can be observed. 

...

Third, the measurement of the outcome must be robust, in the sense that the parameter is a faithful representation of the underlying outcome that interests the organization.

...

Finally, the measurement must be reliable, in the sense that neither customers nor a third party can tamper with it. That is, customers should not have the means to "fake" performance level that is not accurate in order to derive a benefit."

Esta abordagem dos "outcomes" fará confusão a muita gente.

Continua.

"aligns the way it earns revenue with the way customers derive value"

"There are three critical checkpoints, if you will. First, customers have to access the solutions that firms bring to market. Clearly, customers cannot derive value if they are blocked, financially or physically, from reaching the products and services that are intended to address their needs and wants. Second, conditional on access, customers have to consume these products and services. Again, customers cannot derive value unless they actually experience or make use of the solution offered by a firm. Third, conditional on access and consumption, the product or service has to perform as customers expect-that is, it has to solve the need or want satisfactorily.

We claim that an exchange is inefficient [Moi ici: Julgo que a palavra ineficácia aqui ficava bem melhor] when customers experience friction at any one or more of these checkpoints."

"Clearly, the more an organization aligns the way it earns revenue with the way customers derive value - that is, the more responsibility for the three checkpoints of access, consumption, and performance it takes on-the "leaner" (as in more efficient, less wasteful) the exchange between the two becomes. ... market potential converts into actual market value as the organization brings its revenue model increasingly into line with the "ends" sought by customers."

Na sequência de Outcomes em vez do que se produz

Trechos retirados de "The ends game : how smart companies stop selling products and start delivering value" de Marco Bertini e Oded Koenigsberg.  

Guiar transformações

 Ainda de "The “New You” Business" um trecho final sobre a subida na escala de valor à custa das transformações:

"Competing on transformations makes a company responsible for working with customers to define the transformation each one seeks, identify the barriers to success, and orchestrate all the goods, services, and experiences needed to support them during their journeys. Such business models will be much harder to imitate than those that offer only goods, services, or experiences. And they promise to generate handsome rewards—not only profits but also the knowledge that the company has truly made a profound difference in its customers’ lives."

" But they matter only as means to the ends that people seek"

O nosso clássico, trabalhar os inputs, em vez dos outputs. Primeiro começamos com:

Think “input before output”

Em vez de ficarmos pelo que produzimos, encaramos como é que o cliente vai tratar o output como um input na sua vida. Para depois fazermos mais uma evolução, perceber que outcome o cliente pretende atingir ao usar o output como um input nos seus processos. Para chegar a:

Think “outcome before output”

Agora encontro um texto sobre o tema em "The “New You” Business": 

"The end goal of people who go to fitness centers isn’t access to the equipment or trainers; it is to get in shape. The overriding reason people go to their doctor or check into a hospital is not to obtain drug prescriptions, a medical examination, or therapeutic procedures; it is to get well. And students’ primary motive for going to college is not to buy a lot of books, have their papers and exams graded by professors, or even have the classroom and all-around college experience; it is to gain skills or expertise and pursue a career.

But all too often fitness centers, medical providers, colleges, and organizations in many other industries seek to distinguish themselves only on the quality, convenience, and experience of what they sell. It’s not that those things aren’t important. But they matter only as means to the ends that people seek. Too many organizations lose sight of this truth. Even when they do promote what they sell in relation to customers’ aspirations, they rarely design solutions that allow people to realize them.

...

Enterprises should recognize the economic opportunity offered by the transformation business, in which they partner with consumers to improve some fundamental aspect of their lives—to achieve a “new you.”

...

The goods, services, and even experiences a company offers matter only in how they help customers achieve their desired results. Each customer’s definition of success must therefore be the North Star that guides what a company does if it wants to compete on transformations."

"Who is trying to get the job done?"

"Who is trying to get the job done? The job performer represents the individual who will be executing the job. That person is the eventual end user of the services you’ll provide.

Be sure to make a distinction between the various functions involved in performing the job, in particular differentiating the performer from the buyer. Don’t conflate the two, because they have different needs. Think about two separate hats that are worn: one is for the job performer while carrying out the job; the other is for the buyer when purchasing a product or service.

Now, in B2C contexts, a single person may switch between the two hats. But their needs while wearing each hat are distinct. In the B2B situations, the job performer and the buyer are often separate people.

...

In addition to the job performer and the buyer, other functions within the job ecosystem to consider include the following:

• Approver: Someone who authorizes the acquisition of a solution, e.g., a controller, a spouse or parent, or a budget holder

• Reviewer: Someone who examines a solution for appropriateness, e.g., a lawyer, a consultant, or a compliance officer

• Technician: The person who integrates a solution and gets it working, e.g., an IT support, an installer, or a tech-savvy friend

• Manager: Someone who oversees a job performer while performing the job, e.g., a supervisor, a team lead, or a boss

• Audience: People who consume the output of performing the job, e.g., a client, a downstream decision-maker, or a team

• Assistant: A person who aids and supports the job performer in getting the job done, e.g., a helper, a teammate, or a friend

Map out the different actors who may be involved in a simple diagram, such as the one shown in Figure 2.3."

Trechos retirados de “The Jobs to Be Done Playbook” de Jim Kalbach. 

"The struggling moment is the seed for all innovation!"

 "A sales funnel based on the probability someone will buy, without understanding what causes them to buy, made no sense to me. In my experience, customers bought on their terms. I didn’t convince them to do anything; they convinced themselves. It was their moment of struggle that became the seed that caused customers to switch to my product or service. We are all creatures of habit, and we will keep doing what we have been doing unless we have that struggling moment. So I flipped the lens, stopped trying to push my product, and started to understand what caused people to pull new things into their lives

...

There’s a different way to sell, and it starts with helping people make progress.

...

JTBD is the theory that people don’t buy products, they hire them to make progress in their life.

...

Great salespeople are real people: they ask questions, they listen, they learn, and they help you make progress in your life. Salespeople help customers solve problems and make progress in their life. Instead of pushing their product, they represent their product and how it fits into your life. Sales is about perspective—think concierge, mentor, or a coach, not an order taker. It’s about looking through your customer’s eyes, seeing what they see, hearing what they hear, and understanding what they mean. And there’s nothing icky about helping people. Period! The world could use a little more help.

...

The struggling moment is the seed for all innovation!

... 

great salespeople don’t sell; they help. They listen, understand what you want to achieve, and help you achieve it. A better title would be “concierge.

...

And you’ll learn it’s not about you, it’s about their progress. It will teach you to listen more intently, be more curious, and truly understand what your customers are saying."

Trechos retirados de “Demand-Side Sales 101: Stop Selling and Help Your Customers Make Progress” de Bob Moesta. 

Struggles and progress

 "sales isn’t about selling what you want to sell, or even what you, as a salesperson, would want to buy. Selling isn’t about you. Great sales requires a complete devotion to being curious about other people. Their reasons, not your reasons. And it’s surely not about your commission, it’s about their progress.

...

Everyone’s struggling with something, and that’s where the opportunity lies to help people make progress. Sure, people have projects, and software can help people manage those projects, but people don’t have a “project management problem.” That’s too broad.

...

People struggle to know where a project stands. People struggle to maintain accountability across teams. People struggle to know who’s working on what, and when those things will be done. People struggle with presenting a professional appearance with clients. People struggle to keep everything organized in one place so people know where things are. People struggle to communicate clearly so they don’t have to repeat themselves. People struggle to cover their ass and document decisions, so they aren’t held liable if a client says something wasn’t delivered as promised. That’s the deep down stuff, the real struggles."

To say that our product is the best because technically it is the best in terms of specifications, is to forget that people like me drive a Fiat 500, not an Audi or a BMW, by conscious choice.

People don't buy products, they hire products to do a service for them. And that service may have nothing to do with the technical specifications.

Trechos retirados de “Demand-Side Sales 101: Stop Selling and Help Your Customers Make Progress” de Bob Moesta. 

Mudar de proposta de valor, mudar de job-to-be-done.

Ao ler "2 Supplements That Double Weight Loss":

"One study has shown that people drinking more milk, which contains vitamin D and calcium, can double weight loss."

Pensei logo numa proposta de valor para a malta do leite deste postal "E fechá-los numa sala durante 12 horas?".

Mudar de proposta de valor, mudar de job-to-be-done.

É isto!

Great provocation when you’re knee deep in user stories and feature planning. Are you upgrading your users or your product? https://t.co/eYdOCYFBlO by @alanklement pic.twitter.com/dqm5LBKQIN

— bruce hardy (@bruce_hardy) July 7, 2019

É isto!

Quando o propósito é subir na escala de valor, ou aumentar preços, ou fugir da concorrência pelo preço mais baixo, o caminho passa pelo upgrade dos clientes-alvo.

Aqui, upgrade dos clientes-alvo não quer dizer necessariamente uma mudança de clientes-alvo (também pode ser, como no caso das tábuas de madeira, ou nas colchas de linho, ou nos tecidos de burel). Aqui, por upgrade dos clientes-alvo entenda-se sobretudo o esforço de ajudar, de colaborar no esforço daqueles clientes-alvo que precisam de algo mais, ou porque a solução actual não é perfeita, ou porque eles aspiram a algo mais, porque eles querem passar, eles próprios, para um próximo nível. 

"usando o que produzimos como um input para o seu processamento"

O exemplo que se segue pode servir de reflexão aos que respondem com o seu produto ou serviço à pergunta sobre qual é o seu negócio. Os clientes não compram o que produzimos, os clientes procuram o que vão conseguir viver, experienciar, usando o que produzimos como um input para o seu processamento. Diferentes processamentos, diferentes contextos:

"You’re either pregnant or you’re not. And the market for pregnancy testing kits would appear to be similarly dichotomous: you either need a pregnancy test kit, or you don’t. If you do, you buy one and it helps you answer the first question in the affirmative or in the negative.
.
So you’d think there’s not much to the market – not much market segmentation potential.
...
“why do consumers buy pregnancy kits?”
.
The answer was surprisingly far from obvious.
.
It revealed two very different kinds of buyer of pregnancy kits: those who hopefully await a positive result, and those who anxiously wish for a negative one.
.
These two segments deserved to be served differently. So the product was launched differently for the two types of consumer: one for “the hopefuls” and another for “the fearfuls,” differentiated in name, packaging, pricing and in-store placement.
.
For the fearfuls the product was named “RapidVue,” it came in a plain white clinical pack design, priced at $6.99 and displayed near the condoms in the contraception aisle.
.
For the hopefuls, on the other hand, the company created a pretty pink box labeled “Babystart,” featuring a gurgling, rosy-cheeked infant, priced 50% higher at $9.99 and sold near the ovulation predictor kits.
.
It was a dramatically successful strategy for Quidel. A new way of segmenting the market was born."

Recordar:

• Preço e JTBD são contextuais (Novembro 2016)
• Conservas e pricing (Janeiro de 2014)

Trechos retirados de "Segmenting The Market For Power And Profit"

"There has to be enough energy for them to stop something and start something"

"Des: If you’re a startup founder, what’s a single step you can take with Jobs?
.
Bob: The greatest single step you can make is to actually talk to somebody who recently purchased you, and talk to somebody who recently quit you – or quit the competitor that you’re going after. By understanding these switching moments, you’re pulling a thread. And then once you’ve seen it, you can’t unsee it; you’ll see it over and over again.
.
The first step is always a set of interviews. I’m not talking about surveys. Literally get them on the phone and ask the basic question: why was today the day they signed up for this product? The thing you have to realize is that it’s not random, and you have to dig as hard as you can past the bullshit stuff they’ll tell you upfront. There’s always something deeper, because nobody really wants to switch. Habit is the strongest force of all, and people will just keep doing what they’re doing unless something gets in the way or something better comes a long. There has to be enough energy for them to stop something and start something.
.
Just go talk to your customers. That’s where this all began."

Trecho retirado de "Bob Moesta on unpacking customer motivations with Jobs-to-be-Done"

"The only reliable way to gather this evidence is by exploring what customers did in the past or will do in the present. Asking them what they’ll do in the future, e.g. “Will you use…”, puts you in the land of biases and should be avoided."

Trecho retirado de "Find Better Problems Worth Solving with the Customer Forces Canvas"

"I only care about what was going on in their life"

"Someone might tell you: “I went to give a report, and all of a sudden my bosses went crazy because it wasn’t the right data, and they made me look bad. So I have to find something better.” It’s usually the things they blame themselves for. They don’t say it’s about the product; it’s a separation between their experiences and product. You have to dig deeper than that: it’s really about seeing how products fit into people’s lives.
.
Trying to look at your customer through your product is like looking through a peephole in a fence. You can only see the little interactions they have, as opposed to getting above it all, looking at their life, and seeing how you actually fit in. That’s where the interview takes a turn, because most people always think you’re going to talk about the product. Instead, you’re talking about them.
.
When a lot of companies first start using JTBD they think, “I need you to ask about this feature and that feature.” I don’t care about any of those things. I only care about what was going on in their life that made them say, “Today’s the day.” Those are the pylons and the foundations by which people do things. They don’t think it’s part of your world as a product person, but they are the actual foundations by which you get pulled into their world."

Trecho retirado de "Bob Moesta on unpacking customer motivations with Jobs-to-be-Done"

A marca vai a reboque (parte II)

Esta manhã encontrei esta imagem no Twitter:

Entretanto, perdi a referência do autor. Peço desculpa!

Ao olhar para a imagem recordei este postal de 2013 "A marca vai a reboque". BTW, cuidado com os exageros na linguagem.

Será que se pode dizer que a marca aposta:

• no consumidor que já testou tudo e está desiludido?
• ou no consumidor que nunca se meteu neste mundo e sente-se meio perdido sobre por onde começar?

Adenda: Encontrei.

Simple. pic.twitter.com/52U0DU90Vn

— Señor Thompson (@Senor_Thompson) March 31, 2018

 

Acerca do job-to-be-done

Alan Klement e Anthony Ulwick discutem entre si acerca do job-to-be-done.

Eu, confesso, sou um abductor militante. Não quero saber das discussões entre eles, leio um e leio outro e procuro aproveitar o que julgo que possa ser útil de um e de outro.

Ontem li e apreciei "Know the Two — Very — Different Interpretations of Jobs to be Done":

"If it isn’t clear, these are two different, and incompatible, interpretations of why we buy and use products.
.
The Jobs-As-Activities model suggests that customers want to engage in the activity; therefore, your efforts should be to improving that activity.
.
Whereas the Jobs-As-Progress model suggests that there’s nothing functional or activity related about a JTBD. "

E fiquei a pensar no postal "O que falta é a faísca" onde escrevi acerca de um projecto com botas de caça em que estive envolvido há quase 10 anos:

"As personas podem ser úteis para desenhar o produto para um tipo de cliente:
.
Botas de caça para caçador de patos e narcejas;
Botas de caça para caçador de espera.
.
O que falta é a faísca. Por que é que alguém há-de comprar umas botas novas? Por que é que alguém há-de pensar em mudar de marca? Por que é que alguém há-de sentir que precisa de progredir?"

Ao pensar em produzir botas de caça é preciso pensar no Jobs-As-Activities model - caçar javalis, ou tordos, ou patos e, caçar no final do Verão ou no pino do Inverno requer botas diferentes porque as situações são diferentes com contextos diferentes.

No entanto, não chega. Por que é que um caçador há-de mudar de marca de botas de caça? Aqui já entra o Jobs-As-Progress model:

"Jobs-As-Progress aims to answer several social phenomena such as:
.
What causes someone to purchase a product for the first time?
Why and how do consumers use markets to adapt in a changing world
Why and how do consumers shop (search for new products, services, and technologies)?
Why and how do consumers switch between products?
The Jobs-As-Progress model suggests (hypothesizes) that a consumer will look for, buy, and use a product for the first time when a discrepancy exists between how things are today and how they want them to be in the future"

 Deve haver aqui qualquer coisa.

5 passos

Julgo que estes 5 passos são úteis para muitas empresas.

"#1. Start with a big, undeniable change that creates stakesNo matter what you’re selling, your most formidable obstacle is prospects’ adherence to the status quo. [Moi ici: Recordo logo as forças da inércia(hábito) e da ansiedade que introduzem fricção que bloqueia ou dificulta a mudança] Your primary adversary, in other words, is a voice inside people’s heads that goes, We’ve gotten along just fine without it, and we’ll always be fine without it.
How do you overcome that? By demonstrating that the world has changed in such a fundamental way that prospects have to change, too.
...
#2. Name the enemyLuke fought Vader. Moana battled the Lava Monster. Marc Benioff squared off against software.
One of the most powerful ways to turn prospects into aspiring heroes is to pit them against an antagonist.
...
Naming your customer’s enemy differentiates you — not directly in relation to competitors (which comes off as “salesy”), but in relation to the old world that your competitors represent. To be sure, “circle-slash” isn’t the only way to do that, but once you indoctrinate audiences with your story, icons like this can serve as a powerful shorthand.
...
#3. Tease the “Promised Land”In declaring the old way to be a losing path, Drift plants a question in audiences’ minds: OK, so how do I win?
It‘s tempting to answer that question by jumping right to your product and its capabilities, but you’ll be wise to resist that urge. Otherwise audiences will lack context for why your capabilities matter, and they’ll tune out.
Instead, first present a glimpse of the “Promised Land “— the state of winning in the new world. Remember, winning is not having your product but the future that’s possible thanks to having your product:
...
However you do it, your Promised Land should be both (a) desirable (obviously) and (b) difficult for prospects to reach without you. Otherwise, why do you exist?
.
#4. Position capabilities as “magic” for slaying “monsters”Once audiences buy into your Promised Land, they’re ready to hear about your capabilities. It’s the same dynamic that plays out in epic films and fairy tales: We value Obiwan’s gift of a lightsaber precisely because we understand the role it can play in Luke’s struggle to destroy the Death Star.
So yes, you’re Obiwan and your product (service, proposal, whatever) is a lightsaber that helps Luke battle stormtroopers.
...
#5. Present your best evidenceOf course, even if you’ve laid out the story perfectly, audiences will be skeptical. As they should be, since your Promised Land is by definition difficult to reach!
So you must present evidence of your ability to deliver happily-ever-after. The best evidence is stories about people—told in their own voices—who say you helped reach the Promised Land:"

Trechos retirados deste interessante texto "The Greatest Sales Pitch I’ve Seen All Year"

"It’s all about the situation they’re in"

"Every company is interested in why people buy their products, but rewind time a bit further and you’ll find even more fundamental insights.
.
Before someone goes buying, there’s a reason they go shopping.
.
There are usually a few events that lead to the desire — or demand — to shop. Something happens that trips the initial thought. There’s a spark.
...
#1 “We can’t keep working like this.”
...
#2 “We can’t mess up like that again.”
...
#3 “This project isn’t getting off the ground.”
...
#4 “How am I going to pull this off?”
...
what’s most interesting is feeling the moments, the situations people find themselves in before they’re our customers. It’s all situational. It’s not about this industry or that one. It’s not about demographics, either. It’s not even about the competitive set, yet. It’s all about the situation they’re in, the reality they’re trying to wrangle, and the progress they’re trying to make."

Trechos retirados de "The Why before the Why"

Olhar para os clientes-alvo

"To find a solution, Sarah and her team reconnected with Gatorade’s core customer, the serious athlete. What they found was that these athletes did much more than just hydrate during athletic events. [Moi ici: Olhar para os clientes-alvo e para o seu contexto, e identificar os desafios que têm pela frente] They would load up with carbohydrates before (Gold-medal winning runner Usain Bolt ate Skittles candy), and drink protein shakes after to recover. The team saw an opportunity to expand beyond the hydration niche, and introduced the G-Series family of products. The G-Series family included three complementary products to help athletes: energy chews and carbohydrate drinks to “Prime” before an athletic event; the core hydration drink to help the customer “Perform”; and protein shakes and bars to “Recover” after an event. The team expanded the products around the hydration drink, but also cut back on the range of different versions of the core beverage.
...
What Robb O’Hagan did was to apply what we call the Third Way to innovate. Neither incremental improvement of current products, nor radical rethinking of the business, the Third Way focuses on innovating around the current product to make it more valuable. Robb O’Hagan turned around the product not by changing the product but by complementing it with sports bars, energy chews, and protein shakes. What her team did wasn’t an expansion or revision of the current product; in fact the team reduced the range and number of variants. It also wasn’t a radical rethinking of the product. The Third Way is a different approach to innovation.
.
What’s different? First, it’s not a “clean sheet” approach. It focuses on innovating around an existing product for an existing customer segment in a way that makes that product more appealing and valuable. Second, it’s not just a diversification approach – it’s not a search for random products that will appeal to the same customer segment. Instead, it focuses on developing a family of diverse innovations that are all focused on delivering a single business promise;
...
How do you get started with the Third Way approach to innovation? Here are three simple steps:
.
First, reconnect with your core customers, and understand what gets in the way of them getting value from your product. Follow them through their acquisition, preparation, use, and disposal of your product, and watch for frustrations, challenges, or other barriers they face.
Then, challenge your team to innovate around your customer’s value chain, not yours. What can you do to remove the barriers that prevent your customers from getting value from your products? These represent opportunities for complementary products."

Trechos retirados de "How Gatorade Invented New Products by Revisiting Old Ones"

No caminho da "magia" (parte II)

Parte I que cita "Conseguem imaginar os job-to-be-done?".

Apreciar esta inovação:

This glove can give the disabled working hands pic.twitter.com/kuEbPArfXL

— Vala Afshar (@ValaAfshar) October 15, 2017

Não consigo deixar de pensar nos Golias do sector, mais interessados em aumentarem a quota de mercado através de aquisições e fusões, mais interessados no output do que no input, incapazes de calçarem os sapatos do cliente e verem o mundo de oportunidades a partir dessa perspectiva. Recordar também este postal, "Cuidado com a absolutização do que a nossa empresa produz".

"going to help them make progress"

"Customers come to your website or read the label on your package because they want to know if your product is going to help them make progress against the situation they are in. That’s a big part of what’s going on in the customer’s brain:
.
“Will this product fix the problem I have,
and will it get me to where I want to be?”  
.
Focusing on customers’ situations and how they can make progress is what Jobs-to-be-Done thinking is all about. It’s different from more traditional product and marketing thinking that focuses on customer attributes and abstract goals (e.g., personas) or product categories (e.g., we make drills, so we compete with other drill companies).
...
To create kick ass products and copy, we need to understand moments of struggle that have led our customers to hire our product or a competing product.
...
We want enough detail so we can film a documentary about our customer as they struggle with the situation our product is going to solve."

Trechos retirados de "And You Thought “Jobs to Be Done” Was Just for Product Development…"