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Imaginem que existe um excesso de produção dessa commodity e que a procura está a baixar - há um abaixamento brusco por causa de uma situação de crise no curto-prazo. No entanto, a tendência de longo prazo é a redução do consumo dessa commodity.
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Estamos, portanto, perante uma situação de sobre-capacidade. Lembro o que citei aqui recentemente, sobre o desafio dos preços numa situação de sobre-capacidade, da autoria de Hermann Simon, em "Pricing man (parte III) - para reflexão":
"“As long as this overcapacity remains, nothing will change.”Agora, imaginem ainda que apesar da sobre-capacidade, apesar da quebra da procura e da erosão da procura no longo prazo, os agentes a operar no mercado resolvem continuar a aumentar a capacidade de produção.
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But as long as overcapacity remains in such markets, most of the efforts to obtain better prices will not be very effective. The answer here lies not in vain attempts to raise prices, but in cutting capacity. This means that the complex interplay between price and capacity is a top management issue of highest priority."
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O que é que acham que vai acontecer aos preços?
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Estão recordados do pandemónio que anda por aí por causa do leite e da carne de porco?
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Ontem resolvi pesquisar o Boletim Mensal de Estatística - Dezembro de 2015 e ver como é que evoluiu a produção de carne e leite:
- de Janeiro a Outubro de 2015 houve um crescimento homólogo de 5% em peso limpo de carne de suíno;
- de Janeiro a Outubro de 2015 houve um crescimento homólogo de 4% no leite de vaca recolhido.
"England’s dairy farmers will see income fall by almost half this year, evidence that the global milk crisis is far from over.
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Dairy farmers across Europe are struggling with a collapse in prices after a global oversupply of milk was compounded by slowing demand in China and Russia’s ban on EU dairy in retaliation for sanctions.
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“There’s too much milk in the world,” said Robbie Turner, head of European markets at Rice Dairy International, a risk management advisory firm in London. “There are people who are hard for cash,” and prices are likely to remain low for at least the next six months, he said.
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Low prices are “decimating” the U.K. dairy industry and a large number of farmers will go out of business, the National Farmers’ Union said this week. Average farm-gate milk prices in the U.K. from March to November were 20 percent lower than in 2014, according to Defra.
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Even though prices have fallen, farmers are still churning out more milk. One incentive: the end of quotas last year that carried fines for over-production.
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In England and Wales, milk output from March to November was 6 percent higher than a year earlier, according to Defra’s report. EU milk deliveries from January through November were 2.2 percent higher than the prior year, with the biggest increases coming from Ireland, the Netherlands and Belgium.
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Earnings for pig producers are expected to plunge 46 percent from last year."