Formulamos uma estratégia e, traduzimo-la num mapa da estratégia onde objectivos estratégicos interagem através de relações de causa-efeito plausíveis. Definimos um ou mais indicadores associados a cada objectivos estratégico.
Por exemplo:
"You’ll never get past the tendency to leap to solutions. But there are ways to fight the tendency, to promote deep analytical thinking instead of Jumping. Here’s a four-step process to help you activate your inner Analyst and keep you from jumping to ill-informed solutions.This is how organizations, normally, see the world:
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1. Go and SeeIt’s easy to jump to conclusions — and lousy solutions — when you don’t have a clear picture of what’s actually happening. And you can’t have a clear picture if you don’t leave your desk, your office, or your conference room. [Moi ici: Isto pôs-me a pensar seriamente... sobre as auditorias remotas ou e-audits] Unfortunately, that’s where most leaders live.
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Taiichi Ohno was the father of the Toyota Production System, or what is now known as ‘lean’. As described in The Birth of Lean,
[Ohno] never rendered judgment simply on the basis of hearing about something. He always insisted on going to the place in question and having a look.
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Ohno said, “Data is of course important in manufacturing, but I place the greatest emphasis on facts.” Gathering facts comes from close observation of people, of objects, of spaces. By contrast, spreadsheets, reports, and anecdotal accounts are not facts. They’re data. They’re two-dimensional representations of reality, which makes it easy to jump to conclusions.
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Data tells you how often a machine breaks down on an assembly line. Facts — direct observation—show you that the machine is dirty, covered in oil, and hasn’t been cleaned and maintained in a long time."
"...Trechos retirados de "Four Tools for Better Decisions" publicado na revista Rotman Management Spring 2020:
2. Frame It ProperlyFraming the problem properly is the first step on the road towards finding the right solution. Problem statements are deceptively difficult to get right. For one thing, it’s easy to mistake the symptoms for the underlying problem. The Jumper inside you gravitates towards symptoms. They’re easy to see and comparatively easy to address. It’s the Analyst inside you that has the cognitive power to find the root cause of those symptoms, and to really fix the problem. [Moi ici: Recordo estar em Abril de 2019 a olhar para as reclamações recebidas por uma empresa e, constatar que em apenas 3 meses já tinham tido 8 reclamações com o mesmo motivo. Olhando para o tratamento de cada reclamação, percebi que cada uma tinha dado origem a uma acção correctiva. No entanto, já iam em 8 reclamações em três meses. Quando pesquisei o conteúdo de cada acção correctiva descobri que a acção era sempre a mesma, porque a causa identificada era sempre a mesma: erro humano. Erro humano não é causa nenhuma. As causas-raiz costumam estar bem escondidas. Daí que uma investigação para as encontrar não seja fácil. Daí que eu não proponha que se desenvolvam acções correctivas por tudo e por nada, para que quando faça sentido se use a artilharia como deve ser.]
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How many times have you heard something like this (or said it yourself)? ‘The problem is that we don’t have enough time to do….’ Or, ‘The problem is that we need more money so that we can….’ Or, ‘The problem is that we don’t have enough people for….’
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These sound like legitimate problems, right? Not really. The truth is you never have enough time. You never have enough money. And you never have enough people.
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A well-framed problem statement opens up avenues of discussion and options. A bad problem statement closes down alternatives and quickly sends you into a cul-de-sac of facile thinking. [Moi ici: Erro humano...] Consider these two problem statements:Although you hear this kind of framing often, notice that the first statement isn’t really a problem at all. It’s a solution.
- Our sales team needs more administrative support.
- Our sales team spends six hours per week on low-value administrative tasks.
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The only possible response to needing more administrative support is to hire more administrative support. What’s the solution to the second problem statement? It’s unclear — which is good! The second problem statement pushes us to think analytically. The observable fact (six hours) rather than the implicit judgment (we need more admins) raises other questions that help us develop better solutions: why do they have six hours of administrative tasks in the first place? How can we make the tasks faster? Can we use a computer? Can we use checklists and templates to reduce the burden? Are they actually necessary? Can we eliminate some of them entirely? If you see that your problem statement has only one solution, rethink it. Reframing the problem can help you avoid conclusion-jumping."
"Audrey McLoghlin was preparing her largest wholesale shipments of the year for her two labels, Frank & Eileen and Grayson, when cancellations started to come in a month-and-a-half ago. Now, spring and summer merchandise originally destined for over 350 retailers across the US, including Nordstrom and Anthropologie, sits in storage.Trechos retirados de "How to Go From Wholesale to Direct-To-Consumer"
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Before the pandemic, wholesale accounted for over 60 percent of McLoghlin’s business. But with stores closed, she’s pivoting to her own e-commerce as fast as she can. She’s redesigned both of her brands’ websites to make shopping easier and taught herself to use Instagram Live. She’s also bought ads on Google and social media – prior to the virus, her digital marketing budget was nonexistent.
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“This just forced us to test it out and try new things,” McLoghlin said.
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“I would rather be smaller and more direct than go back to how things were before,”
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“This is a game changer. It’s never going to be business as usual again.”"
"Companies that have seen their business models blown up by the pandemic are making dramatic changes in real time, from the products they sell to where and how they are sold.Trechos retirados de "The Art of the Crisis Pivot — and the Brands Getting it Right"
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“Things are so up in the air that you need to move quickly and adapt,” ... “If you can tap into what people want and need right now, it’s the strongest way to survive.”
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“I’m in reinvention mode right now, and trying to give myself and my business a new way to position clients in this current climate,” Tuke said. “You have to be scrappy.”
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“Business owners need to think about how they can shift to play in the world we live in,” Gardner said. “Can they leverage existing resources and pivot to clothes people actually need?”
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A pivot doesn’t need to involve new products. Some brands are using the pandemic to reduce their reliance on wholesale. The wholesale model has been challenged for years, and more brands are leaning into the direct-to-consumer approach."
"Quando a maré sobe, ou seja, quando o PIB cresce, todos os barcos sobem, ou seja, todas as empresas crescem, todas as empresas aproveitam.
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Cuidado! Se vamos estar à espera que uma locomotiva externa faça o trabalho que tem de ser feito por quem trabalha, por quem gere uma empresa... não vamos lá, nunca iremos lá!" (Novembro de 2006)
"os políticos falam da retoma como uma força motriz, em vez de falarem dela como um resultado, como uma consequência.Recordar a mesma mensagem nesta tira:
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Pensam que a retoma, como uma maré, é a solução para as empresas.
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Apetece repetir a frase "Fia-te na Virgem e não corras, não." (Janeiro de 2007)
"A micro-economia não se pode fiar em marés que subam. Tem de seleccionar clientes-alvo concretos, não abstracções estatísticas e procurar satisfazê-los, oferecendo-lhes uma proposta de valor superior." (Abril de 2009)
"Quem pensa na retoma como uma força motriz está à espera que a maré suba, porque quando a maré sobre todos os barcos sobem.
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Pelo contrário, quem pensa na retoma como uma consequência não espera, põe os pés ao caminho para sair do buraco e construir o futuro.
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A importância da actuação individual" (Abril de 2011)
"uma retoma não é uma maré pronta para dar boleia a passageiros clandestinos que não fazem a sua parte, o seu trabalho de casa, que não têm uma estratégia, que não apostam na diferenciação."(Abril de 2015)Portanto, se é um empresário, não se fie na Virgem, faça a sua parte.
"Quando o empresário português tem um problema, saca da carteira e compra uma máquina!"Ontem lembrei-me desta frase ao ler " Four Tools for Better Decisions" publicado na revista Rotman Management Spring 2020:
"AS A MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT, I’ve seen more than my fair share of ludicrous corporate decisions resulting from hasty leaps to poorly designed solutions. Before becoming a consultant, I was an employee at several companies over the course of 15 years, and I’ve lived through the ramifications of these poor decisions. I’ve seen the sales declines, the layoffs, and the damaged lives.
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Frankly, I’m tired. Tired of seeing leaders jump to conclusions and taking action without really understanding their problem. Tired of seeing leaders arrive at a ‘solution’ that doesn’t solve the real problem at all. Tired of seeing the staggering waste of money and opportunity caused by this knee-jerk approach to problem solving.
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When leadership teams don’t understand the real problem and simply jump to a conclusion, they tend to reach for one of three solutions:
If one of these is your answer to a problem — stop. Think again. You may actually be right. You might really need to develop new tech, or create a new organizational structure, or spend more money. But more often than not, you’re about to go down the wrong road. You’ll have a shinier, more expensive, differently organized version of the same problem
- Shiny new technology
- Reorganization
- Money
that you had before."
"Commentators suggest that between 30 and 60% of large US firms have adopted the Balanced Scorecard, first described by Bob Kaplan and David Norton in their seminal paper of 1992.É claro que não há nenhum dicionário oficial que estabeleça a norma para o que é e para o que pode ser classificado de um BSC.
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increasing numbers of firms appeared to be "re-engineering" their measurement systems, with data suggesting that between 1995 and 2000, 30 to 60% of companies transformed their performance measurement systems...
Evidence suggests, for example, that by 2001 the balanced scorecard had been adopted by 44% of organisations worldwide (57% in the UK, 46% in the US and 26% in Germany and Austria). And more recent data suggests that 85% of organisations will have performance measurement system initiatives underway by the end of 2004"
"By filling in gaps left by financial accounting, nonfinancial measures (such as customer loyalty and employee satisfaction) promise to complete the picture of your company’s performance. This fuller picture, the theory goes, gives you and your employees the information you need to achieve your company’s strategic objectives.A adopção do BSC convidava as organizações a escolher um número limitado de indicadores em quatro perspectivas (financeira, clientes, interna e aprendizagem e crescimento) para melhorar a gestão e o desempenho. Como é que as empresas escolhiam os indicadores não financeiros? Vou caricaturar: juntavam a equipa de gestão e faziam um brainstorming, ou uma votação em que os indicadores eram elegidos. Parecia que bastava ter outros indicadores além dos financeiros.
But few companies realize these benefits. Why? They don’t identify, analyze, or act on the right nonfinancial measures—those that will advance their strategies. And they don’t demonstrate clear connections between improvements in nonfinancial activities and financial outcomes, such as profit or stock price. Results? Misdirected investments and unfulfilled strategies.
How to realize the promise of nonfinancial performance measures? Identify the major nonfinancial drivers of long-term economic performance for your firm. Then measure — and act on — the drivers behind those drivers."
"The next stage in the process was the determination of key performance measures.Gosto sempre de recordar a mensagem inicial deste artigo "System Dynamics as the Link Betwwen Corporate Vision and key Performance Indicators” de K. Linard, C. Fleming e L. Dvorsky:
Senior managers … were circulated with an information pack about the balanced scorecard, and then each was interviewed individually.
Each interview was structured around a standard set of questions to gather information about the areas for which each senior manager was directly responsible and the key performance measures they used. Information was also gathered on any additional measures which senior managers would like to see and use in the future. From the results of these interviews, a first proposal for the scorecard was devised using Kaplan and Norton's 'four business perspectives' model."
“Any fool can develop performance indicators”Por isso, costumo usar a imagem de um fóssil para ilustrar o fim daquilo a que chamo o BSC 1.0
“Só 10% das estratégias formuladas são implementadas com sucesso”Em “Corporate Strategists under Fire” de Walter Kiechel, Fortune, 27.12.1982, exclamar:
- 10%?! O número está claramente inflacionado.Anos depois os números continuavam a retratar esta dificuldade:
“na maior parte dos casos – estimamos que em cerca de 70% - o verdadeiro problema não é (uma má estratégia) … é uma má execução”R. Charan & G. Colvin, em “Why CEOs Fail” (Fortune, 21.06.1999)
"Formular uma estratégia é uma das actividades mais sexy da gestão. Implementar a estratégia… isso, isso é com os grunhos"Lawrence Hrebiniak in “Making Strategy Work”
"You have said that creativity and innovation are often the result of constraints. Please elaborate..It’s great to have a blank slate, but in many cases the best solutions happen because of constraints — whether they be physical or resource-related. For example, we have had to reinvent our shows for smaller big-tops to tour new countries or move traditional big-top shows into arenas. All of a sudden, the physical space becomes a constraint and you have to reinvent how you think about things. At first, certain things seem impossible and it forces you to use that other part of your brain to rethink how you do things."Trecho retirado de "QUESTIONS FOR Pierre-Luc Bisaillon" publicado na revista Rotman Management - Spring 2020
"A 7 de Outubro de 1913, a produção do modelo que se viria a tornar o clássico dos clássicos mudou para Highland Park."O fundador da Ford dizia que o cliente podia escolher a cor do carro desde que fosse preta, mas mais, não era qualquer preto, tinha de ser Japan Black, porque era a cor que secava mais depressa.
"it was the ability of japan black to dry quickly that made it a favorite of early mass-produced automobiles such as Henry Ford's Model T. The Ford company's reliance on japan black led Henry Ford to quip "Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black".O século XX, em termos económicos, foi um tempo em que a procura era superior à oferta.
While other colors were available for automotive finishes, early colored variants of automotive lacquers could take up to 14 days to cure, whereas japan black would cure in 48 hours or less."
"In Magnitogorsk, there were two types of apartment, named ‘A’ and ‘B’. They were the city’s sole concession to variety."Li algures que a diferença entre o tipo A e o tipo B residia na cor dos candeeiros, branca ou laranja. Não se pense que as Magnitogorsk eram um apanágio do mundo comunista. Não, eram uma consequência de um modelo industrialista baseado na produção em massa e com pouco ou nenhum cuidado com o que os utilizadores pretendiam ou valorizavam. Os Estados Unidos também tinham a sua versão, as Levittown:
"In July 1947, on potato fields 20 miles from Manhattan, William Levitt pioneered the mass production of affordable homes. Variations in the 17,477 houses were minor; each had two bedrooms, a bath, living room and kitchen on a 750-square-foot concrete slab. By standardizing the units, Levitt eventually was able to put up more than two dozen a day, helping fill the enormous postwar demand. Over the years, innumerable changes to the homes have transformed the community. But even now, Levittown remains a kind of shorthand for the sameness of mass production that’s starting to give way to mass customization."À medida que o século XX foi avançando, o desequilíbrio entre a oferta e a procura foi-se reduzindo até que se passou para o outro lado: a oferta passou a ser superior à procura.
"As bases racionais dos sistemas de contabilidade de gestão, na maioria das organizações actuais ficaram ultrapassadas com as tendências contemporâneas de competição global, a revolução na organização e tecnologia de fabrico e a desregulamentação"
“Duas espécies não podem coexistir indefinidamente se se alimentarem do mesmo tipo de nutriente escasso."Fazendo o paralelismo para as organizações; num mundo em explosão de variedade, as empresas não podem ser geridas da mesmo forma. Diferentes "espécies" servem diferentes tipos de clientes. Por isso, precisam de ser geridas de forma diferente. Por isso, olhar apenas para os indicadores de consequências, os indicadores financeiros, é insuficiente.
"Intuition,” Kathy wrote, “is crucial to healing.” She stayed on her task of survival, imagining a future in which she was alive, robust. Survivors who are shipwrecked at sea tell of keeping themselves going by daydreaming of what they’ll do in the future."
"What I mean by judgment is the act of assigning a negative or positive value to an event. In effect it is saying that some events within your experience are good and you like them, and other events in your experience are bad and you don’t like them. ... Thus, judgments are our personal, ego reactions to the sights, sounds, feelings and thoughts within our experience.
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Then he tries hard, giving himself instructions as he does so. Finally he evaluates again. Obviously the mind is anything but still and the body is tight with trying. If the shot is evaluated as good, Self 1 starts wondering how he hit such a good shot; then it tries to get his body to repeat the process by giving self-instructions, trying hard and so on. Both mental processes end in further evaluation, which perpetuates the process of thinking and self-conscious performance. As a consequence, the player’s muscles tighten when they need to be loose, strokes become awkward and less fluid, and negative evaluations are likely to continue with growing intensity.
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It is interesting to see how the judgmental mind extends itself. It may begin by complaining, “What a lousy serve,” then extend to, “I’m serving badly today.” After a few more “bad” serves, the judgment may become further extended to “I have a terrible serve.” Then, “I’m a lousy tennis player,” and finally, “I’m no good.” First the mind judges the event, then groups events, then identifies with the combined event and finally judges itself.
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As a result, what usually happens is that these self-judgments become self-fulfilling prophecies. That is, they are communications from Self 1 about Self 2 which, after being repeated often enough, become rigidified into expectations or even convictions about Self 2. Then Self 2 begins to live up to these expectations. If you tell yourself often enough that you are a poor server, a kind of hypnotic process takes place. It’s as if Self 2 is being given a role to play—the role of bad server—and plays it to the hilt, suppressing for the time being its true capabilities. Once the judgmental mind establishes a self-identity based on its negative judgments, the role-playing continues to hide the true potential of Self 2 until the hypnotic spell is broken. In short, you start to become what you think.
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Be clear about this: letting go of judgments does not mean ignoring errors. It simply means seeing events as they are and not adding anything to them. [Moi ici: Como não recordar uma e outra vez Stephen Covey e a sua mensagem - O que interessa não é o que nos acontece, o que interessa é o que fazemos com o que nos acontece. Por outro lado, como dizem que os chineses escrevem, crise pode ser oportunidade] ... If the judgment process could be stopped with the naming of the event as bad, and there were no further ego reactions, then the interference would be minimal. But judgmental labels usually lead to emotional reactions and then to tightness, trying too hard, self-condemnation, etc.
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Judgment results in tightness, and tightness interferes with the fluidity required for accurate and quick movement. Relaxation produces smooth strokes and results from accepting your strokes as they are, even if erratic."[Moi ici: Sem relaxamento, como abrir espaço para intuição, como perceber que, como o que temos à mão, podemos fazer limonada, em vez de continuar a enterrar recursos financeiros e mentais a tentar fazer laranjada quando nos calharam limões]
"Vision is especially urgent during a crisis as global and systematic as this one. Inflections that you might have had five years to anticipate in a normal environment might unfold in a matter of weeks or months. [Moi ici: Ainda e sempre - "El coronavirus actúa como acelerador de cambios que ya estaban en marcha...”] Trend lines, such as those towards telecommuting, telemedicine, online shopping, and digital media consumption, are suddenly much steeper. Global supply chains are broken.[Moi ici: Basta pensar na economia como uma sopa de relações de todos os tipos em constante movimento e que alguém tenta congelar]
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Many of your B2B customers may be shut down; millions of consumers are out of work. Some of the fundamental assumptions underlying your current business model may have been (or may soon be) upended.[Moi ici: Basta pensar nos clientes e consumidores ]
.Trechos retirados de "Leaders, Do You Have a Clear Vision for the Post-Crisis Future?"
In short, the business environment that you land in when the pandemic comes to an end — which could be one to two years from now — may be very different from what it was before the crisis began.
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Of course, nobody has a crystal ball ... But while you can’t predict what’s coming with perfect certainty, you can develop much more clarity than you might imagine about what you could and should become, create a plan to live into it, and then set it into motion.
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Spend time envisioning your future.[Moi ici: E volto a "for at least the next couple months every organisation in the world is a startup"]
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Given the urgent demands of the present, some leaders may be tempted to delegate the responsibility for this kind of thinking to others, but it is critical that the CEO, CFO, CSO, and other key line leaders — the people who sign off on major resource allocation decisions — do this work themselves.
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Interrogate what is likely to change about your customers, markets, and operating environment, and what isn’t. Focus on what your customers will require, how you’ll meet their new and evolving demands, the resonance of your products and services, and your overall capabilities.
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Ask how resilient your core businesses will be in the light of these changes. Consider both threats and opportunities, and pinpoint elements of your portfolio that may no longer make sense and that will need to be sold off or shut down, as well as opportunities to accelerate new growth offerings."
"We have found that firms are surprised by significant events from outside of the firm at twice the rate of surprises from inside, such as fraud, discrimination, bribery or reckless behaviour. Large firms with a global reach report they are surprised by outside events more than twice per year. These are only measures of the frequency of surprises — not the magnitude of the impact of the surprise.
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Deconstructing the frequency and type of past surprises is a good place to start a productive conversation about the allocation of a team’s collective attention to each of the four cells of the Myopia Matrix
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Each cell in the matrix is prone to attentional misfires that might have been avoided if closer attention had been paid. The key is to examine a representative sample of cases and treat each as an informative historical ‘stress test’. The challenge is to look inside those cases that will best surface deeper systemic weakness.Trechos retirados de "Managing Your Most Precious Resource: Organizational Attention" de Paul J.H. Schoemaker e George S. Day.
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TUNNEL VISION is a common consequence of a narrow definition of the market served and an overemphasis on current operations.
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WILLFUL BLINDNESS happens when we become aware of something that we would rather not know and therefore ignore or unconsciously suppress.
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MISSED CHANCES can occur when the organization’s internal attention is focused narrowly without sufficient slack to explore opportunities at the periphery."
"Qual é a teoria da conspiração?Depois, "Coronavirus: China faces an economic reckoning as Covid-19 turns world against globalisation":
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10 anos depois do pico da globalização, 10 anos depois da maré ter mudado, 10 anos depois de se começar a falar em reindustrialização do Ocidente é que se inicia uma guerra de taxas alfandegárias? Quem é que tem a ganhar com isso?
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As empresas que foram para a China mantiveram-se em jogo com base no preço/custo e nunca foram obrigadas, ou sentiram necessidade de um esforço de subida na escala de valor. Agora que o modelo baseado na China deixa de ser viável até para essas empresas grandes, elas percebem que não têm ADN competitivo para outra forma de competição. Por isso, sentem que precisam de tempo para arranjar uma alternativa. Nada que uma mão amiga no poder político não possa fazer: criar uma barreira alfandegária protectora."
"One of the more worrying consequences of the coronavirus is that it looks likely to become a catalyst for deglobalisation.
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At the centre of this will be the decoupling of the Chinese economy with developed economies and the US in particular. The world’s three largest free economies – the European Union, the United States and Japan – are all drawing up separate plans to lure their companies out of China.
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US President Donald Trump’s top economic adviser Larry Kudlow has said the government should pay the costs of American firms moving manufacturing back from China onto US soil...
While these are recent moves, the truth is the debate on globalisation – and deglobalisation – began more than a decade ago in the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008.
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Exports of goods and services accounted for 19.51 per cent of China’s GDP last year, according to the World Bank. While that figure is declining, it is still sizeable. Based on this, a 10-percentage-point decline in China’s exports might mean a decline of about 2 percentage points in GDP growth on average.
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Exports employ 180 million workers, so any hit to the sector would also have a knock-on effect on investment, incomes, consumption and employment."
"Every creature that forages for food decides at some point that the food source they're working on is no richer than the rest of the patch and that it's time to move on and find something better..BTW, julgo que isto também se aplica a políticos: autarquia/escritório de advocacia, parlamento, governo/administração de empresas...
This kind of foraging decision is a fundamental problem that goes far back in evolutionary history and is dealt with by creatures that don't even have proper brains...
This all fits with a 1976 theory by evolutionary ecologist Eric Charnov, called the Marginal Value Theorem, Platt said. It says that all foragers make calculations of reward and cost that tell them to leave a patch when their intake diminishes to the average intake rate for the overall environment. That is, one doesn't pick a blueberry bush until it's bare, only until it looks about as abundant as the bushes on either side of it. Shorter travel time to the next patch means it costs less to move, and foragers should move more easily. This theorem has been found to hold in organisms as diverse as worms, bees, wasps, spiders, fish, birds, seals and even plants, Platt said.
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"This is a really fundamental solution to a fundamental problem," Platt said."
"Há anos ouvi no CITEVE, numa conferência que não consigo recordar, alguém dizer que o sector têxtil devia aspirar a 52 épocas por ano em vez das tradicionais duas. Com 52 épocas por ano não haveria hipótese de recurso à Ásia."Agora em "Why Fashion 'Seasons' Are Obsolete":
"Some say there are too many seasons, while others note that the timing of these seasons, disfigured by the demands of major department stores, no longer aligns with real-world seasons, meaning spring clothes arrive in the middle of winter and winter coats hit stores in summer. But it’s worth taking a step back.
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As the fashion industry debates the merits of the traditional fashion calendar, surely a sensible starting point is dropping the fiction of universal fashion seasons in the first place.
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Seasonless 'continuity' collections are growing in importance to limit exposure to end-of-season discounting and reflect the reality that a large slice of luxury sales growth is still driven by first-time customers in emerging markets, who are eager for the classics. But as virgin markets dry up, fashion will also need to move faster to create and deliver fresh products to lure established luxury consumers from Shanghai to Lagos who now expect newness at the speed of Instagram.
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And as the movement to rethink the fashion calendar gathers momentum, there is an unmissable opportunity to rip up and replace the industry’s archaic, Eurocentric seasons with a more sophisticated system of small-batch drops that can be better targeted to address the growing diversity of fashion’s global customer base. Let's not waste it."
"Decades of consolidation have made food systems more vulnerable, say experts. Beginning in the 1980s, the federal government allowed more agribusinesses to merge and grow largely without restraint in the name of efficiency—before, antitrust and other policies helped keep these industries decentralized and competitive. Consequently, a small number of giant, often vertically integrated, firms, produce and distribute the bulk of food in the U.S.Como não recordar o esquema de 2008:
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Dairy Farmers of America, for example, now controls 30 percent of all raw milk in the United States.
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In the meat industry, roughly 50 factories process 98 percent of the nation’s beef. The same holds for pork: Following industry consolidation in the late 1980s and 1990s, the portion of U.S. hogs slaughtered in massive, million-head capacity plants rose from 38 percent to 88 percent in just two decades.
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Larger plants also concentrate more workers in close quarters, causing some of the largest clusters of COVID-19 outbreaks among workers in the country. At least 15 massive meat-processing plants shut down this month, reducing production capacity by 20 percent for both pork and beef. Experts now predict meat consumer shortages within a month and farmers are euthanizing livestock to deal with a sudden backlog of animals.
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“If you pull out one little thing in that specialized, centralized, consolidated chain, then everything crashes,” said Mary Hendrickson, a rural sociology professor at University of Missouri. “Now we have an animal welfare catastrophe, an environmental catastrophe, a farmer catastrophe, and a worker catastrophe altogether, and we can trace a lot of this back to the pursuit of efficiency.”
"the smallest and most local food providers, such as local farms providing community supported agriculture (CSA) shares, have reacted quickly to the crisis and benefited from a spike in demand for direct food sales. These businesses are not tied to complicated purchasing contracts and often work with multiple buyers and distribution channels, including direct access to consumers.E se o COVID- 19 matasse o que resta do século XX? E se o COVID- 19 acelerasse a chegada de Mongo?
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“If you look at what the small farmers are doing, they’re changing on a dime to online ordering systems and delivery,” said Hendrickson. “Those organizations that have the most flexibility and latitude to change are going to be really important in the future.”
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Finally, public food infrastructure could play a critical role in supporting mid-sized producers, responding to shocks, and serving communities cut out of consolidated supply chains."
"As the COVID-19 outbreak spread across the globe, organizations were initially focused on reacting to the immediate issues posed by the epidemic. 1️⃣ However, as the crisis unfolded, several other challenges rapidly emerged: preparing for a potential recession in the near term; anticipating an eventual rebound in demand 2️⃣ (initially when social distancing restrictions are relaxed, and later when consumer and business confidence returns); and ultimately reimagining operations, products, and business models for the post-crisis world.3️⃣
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In other words, leaders and organizations need to consider all levels of strategic response — reaction, recession, rebound, and re-imagination — simultaneously.
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we conducted a survey of more than 300 companies across 55 countries and 24 industries. Not surprisingly, we found that nearly all companies have reacted to the immediate threats: About 85% of companies have taken multiple measures to protect the health & safety of employees and ensure business continuity.
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Roughly 60% of companies have taken measures to plan for and navigate a likely recession, such as putting cost control measures in place and revising capital investment plans. In contrast, only about 40% of companies have taken measures to prepare for a potential rebound of demand, and very few have begun reimagining the business for a post-COVID-19 world."Trechos retirados de "Fractal Strategy"
"“Most retailers and brands are unsure about the market situation ✅ [but] obviously, the order size is going to be much lower compared to last year. ✅ [The best strategy is] to try some small orders and put the products on the market and see the reaction and make a quick decision on a re-order. ✅ That means they need quicker speed in their supply chain management. ✅ [Moi ici: Até aqui o racional é básico e julgo que pouco há para discordar o meu ✅ é sinal de concordância. Agora daqui chegar à conclusão de que a resposta certa é a China... por essa não esperava] Southeast Asia, Bangladesh or Myanmar are focused on huge quantities and long delivery times. If we focus on quick delivery in 45 days, even 25 days, that makes China the big player, [so] international brands will have to look to China because they lead the way in that.”Tentando calçar os sapatos do outro e perceber o porquê do seu racional, para lá do básico, "defender o seu negócio" vem-me isto à cabeça lido numa entrevista a uma consultora italiana(?) no mesmo artigo:
"approximately 60 percent of the world’s fashion is still produced in China, if you take into consideration raw materials, fibres, textiles, trims, and accessories, such as elastic, zippers and hang tags."A verdade é que uma PME portuguesa que se dedica a produzir pequenas séries de calçado, por exemplo, tem de vencer uma dificuldade tremenda, toda a cadeia de fornecimento está montada para fornecer grandes séries. OK, até podem vender uma pequena quantidade de pele com uma dada cor e espessura. Se o cliente voltar a pedir outra encomenda da mesma pele ... o mais provável é não conseguirem replicar a cor, o acabamento, a regularidade da espessura. E enquanto as amostras andam para baixo e para cima o tempo está a contar e a marca internacional não vê a entrega ser realizada na data prevista. O que é que os decisores da marca pensam? Agora é tão difícil vender. Encontramos um produto com mercado e os fornecedores não nos entregam como prometido... não podemos contar com eles.
"Stress is information"Foi dela que me recordei esta manhã ao ler/ouvir uma série de notícias.
"VIKTOR FRANKL, the author of Man’s Search for Meaning, said that to achieve success, we have to stop aiming for it. “The more you aim at it and make it a target, the more you are going to miss it.” We must be doing something else with passion and a true heart, and only then will the thing that we call success present itself."
“There is no perfect product, because there is no perfect patient”Daí ter feito a associação a esta caricatura num postal de 2019:
"The internet gives us virtually unlimited access to each other. That deceptively simple insight is an untapped opportunity in health care. When companies are searching for their next idea, they should look to the online communities of patients who are working to solve their health care challenges on their own.[Moi ici: Empresas ainda embebidas na mentalidade da produção de produtos e que ainda não deram o salto que a Coloplast percebeu que tinha de dar, em vez de vender um produto de acordo com especificações, criar uma interacção, prestar um serviço]Uma parte importante da revolução económica do futuro vai passar por aqui. Não será a fazer mais e mais produtos, cada vez mais baratos e produzidos de forma mais eficiente, será a meter código, será a pô-los a desempenhar mais jobs-to-be-done, será a deixar de produzir produtos e a criar condições para gerar outcomes.
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Dana has Type 1 diabetes and is a very deep sleeper. Living alone, she worried that her monitor’s alarm was not loud enough to wake her if her blood sugar fell too far in the middle of the night.
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Dana wanted independence and spoke to device manufacturers, asking them to make louder alarms. Their answer? No. The alarms, they said, are loud enough “for most people.” In shutting down Dana, they ignored the possibility that they could learn from one of their users and improve the product.
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Dana had an idea about how to build a custom alarm if only she could get access to her continuous glucose monitor data. Luckily, she was active on Twitter alongside other people living with diabetes (stage one of peer-to-peer health care).
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A dad named John Costik tweeted that he had managed to free the data from his child’s device. John, an engineer, studied the device’s software and wrote a program that would send the monitoring data to a computer, phone or smartwatch. He shared the instructions online, coached other parents and people with diabetes about how do the modification, and Nightscout was born – an amateur diabetes remote monitoring system created by and for people who use continuous glucose monitors. Now, blood sugar data can be sent, for example, to a parent’s smartwatch so they can monitor their child’s levels while at school, on a field trip, or at a friend’s house. This had been impossible under the rules originally set down by the device companies." [Moi ici: Isto é voltar a uma velha série deste blogue - é meter código nisso]
"Law 32: Play To People’s Fantasies
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The truth is often avoided because it is ugly and unpleasant. Never appeal to truth and reality unless you are prepared for the anger that comes from disenchantment. Life is so harsh and distressing that people who can manufacturer romance or conjure up fantasy are like oases in the desert: everyone flocks to them. There is great power in tapping into the fantasies of the masses.
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Keys To Power
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The person who can spin a fantasy out of an oppressive reality has access to untold power. As you search for the fantasy that will take hold of the masses, keep your eye on the banal truths that weigh heavily on us all.
Never be distracted by people’s glamorous portraits of themselves and their lives; search and dig for what really imprisons them.
Once you find that, you have the magical key that will put great power in your hands.
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A Few Realities & Fantasies
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The Reality: change is slow and gradual. It requires hard work, a bit of luck, a fair amount of self-sacrifice and a lot of practice.
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The key to fantasy is distance. The distant has allure and promise, seems simple and problem free. What you are offering should be ungraspable.
Reversal
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Never come too close to the place where you are actually expected to produce results. [Moi ici: Por isso, cada vez mais os políticos falam de questões ambientais]
Never make the mistake of imagining that fantasy is always fantastical."
"Até final de abril, cerca de 70% da indústria têxtil e do vestuário terá entrado em lay-off total ou parcial, com a quebra na faturação de 50% a 70% este mês. As estimativas são do líder da associação do setor (ATP), frisando, porém, que “a quebra nas receitas será maior”, pois “os clientes estão a atrasar os pagamentos vencidos de encomendas entregues”. Mário Jorge Machado admite “uma quebra no emprego de 5% a 10%” no conjunto do ano.
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De acordo com o último inquérito de conjuntura semanal da APICCAPS, quase metade (46%) das empresas da “indústria mais sexy da Europa” está atualmente fechada. “Mas deverão voltar ao trabalho regular em maio”, sinaliza Paulo Gonçalves. Do total das empresas inquiridas, 92% reportam um impacto negativo com a pandemia.
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Composto por 15 mil empresas, o setor da metalurgia e metalomecânica está a contar com uma redução de faturação próxima dos 3,5 mil milhões de euros no segundo trimestre (quebra homóloga entre 40% e 50%), que “decorre essencialmente de adiamentos de encomendas e não de cancelamentos”.
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O cluster do mobiliário, que inclui também colchoaria, tapeçaria ou iluminação, num total de 4.500 empresas e 31 mil trabalhadores, estima que a crise do novo coronavírus, que vai pôr dois terços do setor em lay-off, terá um impacto negativo de 30% na faturação anual, em relação a 2019.
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O setor da construção estima um impacto mensal de 493 milhões de euros com a paragem da atividade, tendo em conta a perda de volume de negócios e a manutenção de despesas com trabalhadores e com a banca. Apesar de continuar a haver obras no terreno, o impacto da covid-19 já se faz sentir, designadamente no emprego, com o aumento do número de desempregados, em março, em 11,3%.
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A Associação da Hotelaria de Portugal (AHP) espera uma quebra de 50% em 2020, o mesmo cenário admitido pelo Governo para todo o setor. “Teremos choques de receita de 50% face a 2019”,
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O último estudo da Câmara de Comércio e Indústria Portuguesa (CCIP) revela que, para o conjunto de 2020, 55% das empresas preveem um declínio das vendas superior a 20%.
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Há subsetores, como o das flores e plantas, que apontam para quebras na faturação na ordem dos 70%, devido ao corte nas exportações. Mas as empresas mais penalizadas da indústria agroalimentar são as que dependem “em mais de 50%” da hotelaria e da restauração. Como acontece com a indústria do vinho, que registou nas últimas semanas perdas que oscilam entre 20% e 100%, sendo que a média situa-se nos 50%,
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O setor automóvel no seu conjunto representa 19% do PIB, emprega diretamente 200 mil pessoas e pesa 25% nas exportações de bens, com sete das 10 maiores exportadoras em 2019. Nos componentes, a AFIA estima uma quebra de 30% na faturação este ano. A ACAP admite uma quebra de pelo menos 25% na produção automóvel e de mais de 35% nas vendas de veículos.
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Na semana de 13 a 17 de abril, quase um quinto das empresas de construção e atividades imobiliárias já dava conta de uma redução superior a 75% no volume de negócios, enquanto mais de metade apontava para quebras entre os 10% e os 50% nessa semana."
"It is widely believed that restructuring has boosted productivity by displacing low-skilled workers and creating jobs for the high skilled."Mas, e como isto é profundo:"In essence, creative destruction means that low productivity plants are displaced by high productivity plants." Por favor voltar a trás e reler esta última afirmação.
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"Lovaglia’s Law: The more important the outcome of a decision, the more people will resist using evidence to make it."
"If an organisation is too stable it can ossify, but if it is too unstable it can disintegrate. Successful organisations work between these two conditions or states, in what Stacey called ‘the chaos zone’."
"If the customer doesn't care about the price, then the retailer shouldn't care about the cost,"
“It's not enough that we do our best; sometimes we have to do what's required”.
"Das Leben, das uns gegeben ist, ist uns nicht als etwas Fertiges gegeben, sondern wir müssen es uns gestalten, und zwar jeder sein eigenes."
"Eine Regierung, die nichts wert ist, kostet am meisten."
"Forget trying to persuade them; light their pants on fire."
"O futuro é o que importa. O futuro é a base do significado, é de onde vem o projecto que alguém tem para si próprio"
"The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place."
“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent; it is the one that is most adaptable to change.”
"o Marketing só existe a partir do pensamento estratégico, caso contrário "não resulta""
"It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends upon his not understanding it"
"Perder diversidade é como arrancar páginas de um livro. Quantas páginas poderemos arrancar até deixar de compreender o enredo?"
The great enemy of the truth is very often not the lie – deliberate, contrived and dishonest – but the myth, persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic. Belief in myths allows the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought."
"By strategy, I mean a cohesive response to a challenge. A real strategy is neither a document nor a forecast but rather an overall approach based on a diagnosis of a challenge. The most important element of a strategy is a coherent viewpoint about the forces at work, not a plan."
"Un desastre està punt de succeir a Espanya. El malentès de la gravetat de la crisi costarà car als inversors, ja que tindrà profundes conseqüències per a tot el sistema bancari europeu", afirma.
Entre d'altres coses, Mauldin diu que "els inversors estan fumant crack si creuen que els bancs espanyols són entre els més forts d'Europa, ja que estan amagant les seves pèrdues".
“… there are no “sunset” industries condemned to disappear in high wage economies, although there are certainly sunset and condemned strategies, among them building a business on the advantages to be gained by cheap labor”
"o vencedor da vida, o optimista que vive em incesto com o próprio ego, é o traço mais frágil do líder"
"We shall not grow wiser before we learn that much
that we have done was very foolish."
You may not be able to change the world but can at least get some entertainment & make a living out of the epistemic arrogance of the human race.
"I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do."
“Trust your guts. But not too much!”
"Customers will try 'low-cost providers,' because the majors have not given them any clear reason not to." "
"Natal é quando as Crianças pedem e os Pais pagam. Défices é quando os Pais pedem e as Crianças pagam."
"A imprevidência dos povos é infinita, a dos governos é legal"
"What a man sees depends both upon what he looks at and also upon what his previous visual-conceptual experience has taught him to see"
“The leaders first task is to be the trumpet that sounds a clear sound”
"lamented the lack of any systematic data on the scale of unfunded IOUs that care-free politicians have handed out like confetti."
"Let them call me rebel and welcome, I feel no concern from it; but I should suffer the misery of devils, were I to make a whore of my soul..."
O problema não é o consumo. O problema é o consumo assente em endividamento."
"There are designations, like "economist", "prostitute", or "consultant" for which additional characterization doesn't add information."
When it becomes more difficult to suffer than change, you will change"
"Hope is not a strategy and a crisis is a terrible thing to waste"
The more you can see of the present, the more you can see of the future"
Yes, You can change the future, but only changing the present"
"Entrepreneurship is 'Having aspirations greater than your resources'"
“The single biggest reason companies fail is they overinvest in what is, as opposed to what might be."
"The first principle is that you must not fool yourself - and you are the easiest person to fool. So you have to be very careful about that"
"A estabilidade é uma ilusão"
"When we create the conditions of possibility, the universe becomes our co-conspirator"
Thinking about doing is not doing. Talking about doing is not doing. Doing is doing."
"'God has created me to do him some definite service. He has committed some work to me which he has not committed to another'.
...
"Each of us has a mission, each of us is called to change the world, to work for a culture of life, a culture forged by love and respect for the dignity of each human person.
"As our Lord tells us in the Gospel we have just heard, our light must shine in the sight of all, so that, seeing our good works, they may give praise to our heavenly Father."
"The future is not there waiting for us. We create it by the power of imagination."
"confusing testosterone with strategy is a bad idea"
"Much consulting involves the application of models to a system, as opposed to getting involved in the system as a positive change agent""
"O Portugal que pára sem orçamento é precisamente aquele que vive dele e que há todo o interesse em parar."
"credibilidade da política financeira e dos seus executores está ao nível da credibilidade de uma barraca das farturas"
"The role of the manager is thought to be reduction of uncertainty rather than the capacity to live creatively in it"
"today an entrepreneur is closer to artists than managers"
"A business without a path to profit isn’t a business, it’s a hobby"
"If no one’s upset by what you’re saying, you’re probably not pushing hard enough. (And you’re probably boring, too.)"
"Storytelling isn’t just how we construct our identities, stories are our identities"
"'He who has a why to live can bear almost any how' "
"They can because they think they can"
"Se há coisa que não suporto é misturar catequese com negócios, é a incapacidade para calçar os sapatos do outro e só pensar na nossa posição de coitadinhos, pobres vítimas indefesas dos maus e que por isso precisamos do Estado todo poderoso para nos proteger e, nem percebem na volta, os juros que o Estado cobra por esse serviço mafioso de protecção que, ainda por cima não resolve nada."
"Empathy is like a universal solvent. Any problem immersed in empathy becomes soluble."
"In victory, do not brag; in defeat, do not weep"
"Value it's a feeling not a calculation"
"An economist is someone who has had a human being described to him, but has never actually seen one."
"Don't finish first--it's not about running a rat race. Start with a better ending in mind."
"If you sit in on a poker game and don’t see a sucker, get up. You’re the sucker.”
"The 'value added' for most any company, tiny or enormous, comes from the Quality of Experience provided."
"Crediting government with the success of entrepreneurs is like crediting the guy who built Bill Gates’ garage with the success of Microsoft."
"I have found that assuming social scientists understand the difference between correlation and causality is not generally a good one."
"Promising never to raise taxes, without reaching a deal on spending, really means a high and rising commitment to future taxes."
"Some things are so foolish that only an intellectual could believe them, for no ordinary man could be such a fool"
"os bancos não financiam a economia, a poupança sim"
"I do not know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everybody"
"Never be afraid to try, remember... Amateurs built the ark. Professionals built the Titanic."
"terms such as 'experiment' and 'observation' cover complex processes containing many strands. 'Facts' come from negotiations between different parties and the final product - the published report - is influenced by physical events, dataprocessors, compromises, exhaustion, lack of money, national pride and so on."
"'science in the making' is 'the consequence of [a] settlement' of 'controversies'."
"If the state wishes to spend more, it can do so only by borrowing your savings or taxing you more. And it's no good thinking someone else will pay, that someone else is you."
"All failures of strategy are rooted in the assumption that outcomes are predictable."
"Doing things like your bigger competitors is how to get killed in the wars out there"
“Uma moeda boa e forte é como a saúde. Só lhe damos verdadeiramente valor quando não a temos.”
"Life’s tough. It’s tougher if you’re stupid"
"O homem de bem exige tudo de si próprio; o homem medíocre espera tudo dos outros"
"Change is a threat when done to me, but an opportunity when done by me."
"As elites foram deixando de falar das exportações à medida que se foi percebendo que o país consegue exportar sem elas"
"Your toughest competition is the little voice inside your head telling you to stop"
"Pain is just weakness leaving your body"
"Built to last" is bad economics. Built to do something great" is the better idea. Think: "Creative destruction."
"the world is an uncertain place no matter how many Greek letter equations you affix to a problem."
"You never change things by fighting existing reality. To change s.th., build a new model making the existing model obsolete"
“No, no, you're not thinking; you're just being logical.”
"Success is not a destination. It's the trail you leave behind you."
"Winners make a habit of manufacturing their own positive expectations in advance of the event."
“You’ve got to start with the customer experience and work back toward the technology – not the other way around”
"Strategy as the "smallest set of - intended or actual - choices and decisions sufficient to guide all other choices and decisions sufficient to guide all other choices and decisions."
"When something is commoditized, an adjacent market becomes valuable"
"nature evolves away from constraints, not toward goals"
"There aren't any textbooks on what to stop doing!"
"With great power comes great irresponsibility "
"Weird things happen when you take price out of the equation for consumers"
"‘It’s so damn complex. If you ever think you have the solution to this, you’re wrong and you’re dangerous.’"
"Saruman believes it is only great power that can hold evil in check, but that is not what I have found. I found it is the small everyday deeds of ordinary folk that keep the darkness at bay. Small acts of kindness and love."
"Increasing stuff that doesn't add value dilutes existing value."
"O federalismo não é a alternativa à troika, é a troika para sempre."
"Never underestimate the difficulty of changing false beliefs by facts"
"Stressors are information"
“If you hear a “prominent” economist using the word ‘equilibrium,’ or ‘normal distribution,’ do not argue with him; just ignore him, or try to put a rat down his shirt.”
"The advantage of experiences over things for most of us is that we can make them seem unique, which = scarce, which = value"
"Pedras no caminho?
Guardo todas, um dia vou construir um castelo"
"Without risk, faith is an impossibility."
"Não posso com quem vive a achar que os outros lhe devem sempre alguma coisa."
"In a world of increasing automation, our ability to perform tasks is not nearly as important as our ability to dream. The questions we need to ask are not ones of action, but ones of meaning"
"Me arrancam tudo a força e depois me chamam de contribuinte."
"Letting people vote for expensive programs that “somebody else” will finance is a good recipe for getting people to vote irresponsibly"
"what's fairness gotta do with pricing based in value?"
"The epic battle of our generation is between the status quo of mass and the never-ceasing tide of weird."
“Price is emotional”
"There will always be a reason why you can't pursue it, until competitors create a reason why you must."
"The most important thing to study is opening theory"
"The greater the contrast, the greater the potential"
“Customers don't care about your solution, they care about their problems.”
"Todos querem conhecer a verdade, mas o que desejam é que lhes contem uma mentira em que não sejam protagonistas."
"Execution efficiency strangles innovation in the crib, but not with malice, by default.”
"Our obsession with scalability is getting in the way of unleashing the potential of the 21st century."
"The system is optimized to mitigate risk, not create value"
"Champions are made when no one is looking"
"Don't bargain on value. Half as expensive is often twice as cheap."
"Customers care about outcomes, not effort, technology, or originality."
"
"You don't have to pick between 1) playing the game and 2) not playing the game. You can *change* the game."
""The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool." "