Cooperativas, eficientismo e Mongo

Há anos que aqui no blogue escrevo sobre as cooperativas associadas a Mongo e sobre a loucura do eficientismo.

A ideia das cooperativas surgiu-me na sequência da democratização da produção e da fuga à proletarização "uberiana". Alguns postais ao longo dos anos sobre o tema foram:

• Acerca do pós-Uber ou não, uma aposta (Fevereiro de 2016)
• Isto é só o começo... (Abril de 2016)

Mongo é um tema recorrente aqui no blogue.

Ontem em "From the Gig Economy to the Guild Economy" encontrei os mesmos três temas relacionados:

"there’s a problem – actually, many problems. Efficiency is a diminishing returns proposition. The more efficient we become, the longer and harder we need to work to get the next increment of efficiency. Diminishing returns is a problem on its own, but it’s compounded by the fact that we live in a Big Shift world of mounting performance pressure – competition is intensifying, change is accelerating, and extreme disruptive events occur with increasing frequency.
...
We’re already starting to see some of that start to happen in the gig economy. Individual workers are discovering that there are others who share their passion and coming together so that they can work on projects as a group, rather than individuals.
...
On the other side, institutions are going to begin to see that the real value of contract workers is the diversity of experience and expertise that they bring to the work. These contract workers can help the institution’s employees to learn faster by exposing them to different perspectives and approaches to addressing work. These institutions will begin to expand their focus beyond just cost savings and see gig workers as an opportunity to learn faster.
...
We’re going to begin to see impact groups forming and coming together into broader networks that will help them to learn even faster.
That’s where guilds come in.
...
As independent workers become more aware of the imperative for accelerating learning, they will tend to affiliate into guilds that will help to connect them with others who might become part of their impact group and, more broadly, with other impact groups that share their passion for increasing impact in a particular set of activities. These guilds can help to knit together larger and larger networks of impact groups, generating something that I call “creation spaces,” to help scale and accelerate learning."

Acerca de Mongo, no mesmo artigo, algo que parece retirado aqui do blogue acerca da profusão de tribos e do bailado entre oferta e procura:

"Beyond the gig economy, there’s another area that will see the re-emergence of guilds. That’s in product and service businesses that will increasingly fragment as customers demand more and more tailored products and services to serve their specific needs. The participants in these small, but very profitable, product and service businesses will see value in connecting with others in their particular domains so that they can all learn faster and create even more value with less resource. For example, think of a guild for craft chocolate companies that are serving very specific customer niches.
...
To address the opportunity to help participants to learn faster, these guilds need to find a way to move beyond fear of competition and foster the excitement that can come from addressing the exponentially expanding opportunities created by the Big Shift. Rather than embracing a scarcity mindset, these guilds need to cultivate an abundance mindset. They need to recognize that, the more people that come together, driven by a commitment to learn faster, the more opportunity there will be for value creation. It’s a very different heartset and mindset from the ones generated by the fear that is engulfing more and more of the world’s population.
The bottom line
The imperative to learn faster is going to motivate individuals to come together in very different ways. In at least one dimension, our future may represent a return to the past, when we see the re-emergence of guilds. Rather than isolated individuals driven by fear as they confront mounting performance pressures, we are likely to see people coming together, excited about the opportunity to learn faster and embrace exponentially expanding opportunity."

"É assim Portugal. Podia não ser assim? Podia"

"Não seria melhor guardar os sete mil milhões de euros de fundos comunitários que estão destinados a este projeto da economia não transacionável - a maior parte dos quais voltará para os cofres da Holanda e da Alemanha, países que nos vão vender a tecnologia do hidrogénio e assim conseguem o retorno dos fundos que cederam – não seria melhor guardar esse dinheiro para ajudar os exportadores de frutos vermelhos de Trás-os-Montes, os exportadores de móveis de Paços de Ferreira, os produtores de tomate e hortaliças do Ribatejo e do Alentejo, os produtores de moldes da Marinha Grande, os produtores de vinhos do Dão e do Alentejo, todos os que trabalham na economia transacionável e fomentam as exportações?
Não seria melhor destinar esses sete mil milhões a atividades de exportação de bens transacionáveis, agora que o turismo praticamente desapareceu e será muito difícil recompor-se a curto prazo?
O plano do Governo é desviar esse dinheiro da economia transacionável para a economia protegida dos amigos das rendas garantidas.
Aos meus colegas jornalistas e analistas económicos e políticos deixo um desafio: procurem na lista dos nomes de empresários e empresas já posicionados para se candidatar ao mega projeto do hidrogénio em Portugal os nomes de empresários e grupos de empresas que ficaram a dever centenas e milhares de milhões de euros ao Novo Banco, CGD, BCP e outros grandes bancos nacionais. Não são poucos os que lá estão, à espera de nos sugar de novo os bolsos, desta vez através das faturas da eletricidade.
Daqui a poucos anos estaremos todos a abrir a boca de espanto com as notícias sobre indícios de corrupção no mega projeto do hidrogénio. Os suspeitos, alguns políticos atuais e empresários corruptores do regime, estarão novamente a recorrer aos dez maiores escritórios de advocacia em Portugal para se proteger. Um qualquer juiz de instrução estará a subscrever uma duríssima acusação do Ministério Público.
E os comentadores habituais, completamente desfocados, estarão a atacar o juiz de instrução por ser um radical, quando alguns políticos corruptos e os empresários corruptores já estarão ricos, provavelmente a gozar os milhões no estrangeiro.
É assim Portugal.
Podia não ser assim?
Podia. Se o Presidente da República e o líder da oposição impedissem de imediato este crime económico do hidrogénio alegadamente verde e obrigassem os promotores do projeto, o Governo, o ministro do Ambiente e o secretário de Estado da Energia a reduzi-lo à sua justa dimensão: a de um projeto piloto que só deveria crescer futuramente em função dos resultados obtidos noutros países mais ricos da Europa.
Infelizmente, Presidente, Governo e Oposição, estão todos muito mais preocupados com taticismos eleitorais do que com o futuro de Portugal."

Trecho retirado de "O Crime Económico do Hidrogénio"

A importância das margens

Quando escrevi a série "Quantas empresas?" procurei chamar a atenção para a urgência de aumentar margens, de subir preços. Não um aumento de preços numa negociação, num braço de ferro com os clientes, mas porque se sobe na escala de valor, porque se aumenta a diferenciação da oferta, porque se cria mais valor potencial para os clientes.

Normalmente, este tipo de aumento não se compadece com a empresa actual... e aí é que está um dos problemas: a dificuldade em encolher a empresa, a dificuldade em mudar de vida.

Algumas vezes é-me penoso visitar uma empresa. Um outsider consegue abstrair-se da espuma dos dias e, numa atitude racional, olhar para aquela azáfama e perceber que são como perús na antevéspera do Natal. E escrevo isto sem arrogância, até com algum melindre. Basta-me olhar para os produtos que fabricam, para o seu valor acrescentado, para a dependência das quantidades, quando o contexto é de encomendas mais pequenas e de salários mais altos. Por vezes ainda consigo identificar "pontos quentes" que poderiam ajudar a criar a empresa do futuro, mas implicariam uma de duas coisas: o encolhimento da empresa actual, ou a autonomização de unidade de negócio para se focar nesses "pontos quentes".

No entanto, para a maioria dos empresários isso é como pedir a um pai que mate um filho.

Entretanto, este texto, "Put Value Creation at the Center of Your Transformation", chama a atenção para a importância da focalização no aumento das margens:

"The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically raised the stakes for corporate transformations. Many companies will need to launch a transformation to remain competitive, yet the risks associated with failure are now higher. Unfortunately, transformation outcomes vary widely; ... Our research shows that companies must accomplish three goals to create superior value from a crisis transformation: deliver near-term improvements to profit margins, strengthen the core operating and business models, and rigorously manage the change.
...
Margin improvement is measured as the average growth rate of the EBITDA margin over the three-year period.
...
But not all change can be measured in terms of financial performance and stock price movement. That’s where the third and most critical aspect comes in: transformations require rigorous execution and change management.
...
Set a clear vision, and keep the communication simple and straightforward. Getting all employees to have the same understanding of the vision and objectives for the transformation is crucial, and companies can accomplish this through clear and vivid communication.
...
Launch a formal, structured program. Because a large-scale transformation is complex and has multiple interdependencies, it can succeed only if it is structured as a formal program with well-defined work streams and initiatives."

Curiosidade do dia

Prof. Lero-Lero: "Eu tenho o vício de pensar em tudo". pic.twitter.com/i4fGPxsIMF

— Telmo A Fernandes (@ordemespontanea) July 23, 2020

Ver isto, quando esta manhã tinha lido:

"We live in a world of radical uncertainty in which our understanding of the present is imperfect, our understanding of the future even more limited, and in which no one person or organisation can hold the range of information required to arrive at the ‘best explanation’. Narrative reasoning is the most powerful mechanism available for organising our imperfect knowledge. Understanding the complex world is a matter of constructing the best explanation – a narrative account – from a myriad of little details and the knowledge of context derived from personal experience and the experience of others.
...
There is no more salutary example of the need to ask ‘What is going on here?’, or of the wilful blindness which fails to look behind reported numbers. If it seems too good to be true, it generally is.
...
Decision-making under radical uncertainty requires a multiplicity of skills, and rarely will all these skills be found in a single individual. Successful leaders have benefited from advisers who could assist in problem framing.
...
Successful decision-making under uncertainty is a collaborative process. Having arrived at the best explanation, it is important to open that explanation to challenge and be ready to change the guiding narrative when new information emerges. The mistakes made by people who enjoyed the flattery of supportive sycophants"

Sintomas de que nada de bom virá por aí. Preparem-se para mais uma vez terem de suster a respiração.

Trechos retirados de “Radical Uncertainty” de John Kay e Mervyn King

Beware of discounting

"Each time I take the stage at a conference or sales summit, I can pretty much count on someone telling me how their business is different. They feel they are the only people who face pricing pressure. They often tell me that it is OK to discount a deal if it gets them the sale.

...

Remember that if you discount without changing the deliverable, then every amount you offer as a discount would have been profit. If you run a 30% profit margin, and you discount by 10%, then you are discounting 33% of your profit.

...

"The biggest fear of procurement people is not overpaying. Rather, our biggest fear is purchasing something that does not deliver the desired results.

...

No matter how much the client pays, it's not a good deal if they don't get results.

Once you know that results matter most, then when faced with pricing pressure, counter with a discussion about results. If procurement is treating you like a commodity, it's your job to illustrate what makes you worth the additional investment.

...

I see a common line of questioning that leads to pricing discussions. Professionals will often enter a competitive situation, and ask questions like, "How much are you currently paying?" Or they might ask, "What's your budget?" In both cases, these questions open a dialog that is centered on price."

Trechos retirados de "Why Customers Focus on Price (and How to Fix it)"

Curiosidade do dia

"Políticos e banqueiros trabalham com o dinheiro dos outros, uns extraindo os impostos da sociedade, outros aplicando os depósitos dos clientes. Se os primeiros não conseguem formular políticas de crescimento económico e políticas sociais que sejam financiadas sem terem de recorrer ao endividamento e se os segundos não conseguem gerar margem financeira sustentada no tempo, haverá sempre o risco do abraço de cumplicidade entre a dívida pública e a dívida privada, uma circularidade que é uma ilusão de desesperados."

Trecho retirado de "Revisão da matéria dada" no JdN de hoje. 

"Pricing is an undervalued discipline"

"Even in a historic downturn, Buffett’s instinct is worth keeping in mind. Many managers underestimate the power of pricing, and the unanimous advice from pricing experts in this troubled economy is to price with courage and creativity. In businesses where demand has plunged, slashing prices may be a terrible idea—and it may not be necessary at all.

...

For the vast majority of businesses—those facing strapped customers and shrunken demand—the No. 1 imperative is to avoid cutting prices if at all possible, what experts in the field call “maintaining price integrity.” In the B2B world, “you get a lot of pressure back from your customers to reduce price, which can manifest itself as hesitancy to move forward with the purchase,” says Ron Kermisch, a Bain consultant who leads the firm’s global pricing practice. “Companies too quickly move to price as the lever, without really understanding what’s driving the customer hesitancy.”

...

If you cut prices 20%, you have to sell 25% more units just to maintain revenue. In a severe downturn, how likely is that? And if a competitor matches your price cut, the pain will be much worse. The economics of every business are different, but McKinsey research has found that in a typical S&P 1500 company, a 5% price cut would have to spark a 19% volume increase just to pay for itself, and that hardly ever happens. Even if holding prices steady reduces sales and profits, price cuts may reduce them even more.

The long-term effects can be more harmful. Price cuts, even temporary ones, train customers to behave badly, always waiting for the next sale. Perhaps worse, they destroy brand equity."

Trechos retirados de "Why slashing product prices is usually a terrible idea" 

Análise do contexto

"The American economy is in a double bind. On the one hand, Covid-19 has made it necessary to reduce American dependence on China’s economy, and Chinese manufactured imports in particular. The alarm over China’s stranglehold on America’s access to important pharmaceuticals and health-care goods like ventilators is only the leading edge of this concern.

According to the Los Angeles Times, there are no fewer than 62 bills pending in Congress to alter one aspect or another of our economic relationship with China. Yet at the same time, if the U.S. isn’t prepared to deploy a reshoring strategy to restore itself as a manufacturing and industrial power, decoupling won’t do any good. In the 1960s, manufacturing made up 25% of U.S. gross domestic product. It’s barely 11% today. More than five million American manufacturing jobs have been lost since 2000."

Que impactes é que estas alterações irão provocar na sua empresa? 

Como é que estas alterações podem ser transformadas numa oportunidade?

 

Trecho retirado de "Bringing the factories home" 

Curiosidade do dia

"The European Union Recovery Fund cannot be used as an excuse to perpetuate bloated political spending and create a transfer union where governments use taxpayers’ money to increase bureaucracy, because it would be the end of the European project.

A union based on excess spending, debt and extractive policies would be destroyed in a few years. The strength of a unified group of countries comes from diversity and responsibility.

...

If we want a united Europe we must listen more to the most dynamic countries and stop using the bureaucratic steamroller to turn all the member states into interventionist satellites.

The European Union faces a deep crisis. It cannot become a depression by using important funds that should boost competitiveness and strengthen the recovery to finance massive political transfer plans that serve as a political tool to keep bloated administration and political budgets."

Trechos retirados de "The European Recovery Fund Is Not A Solution For Structural Problems"

Torrar dinheiro em hidrogénio e outras cenas não me assiste

Esta manhã durante a minha caminhada matinal li algo que veio ajudar a dar corpo a um sentimento acerca do que penso sobre os milhões da UE.

Pessoalmente sou um frugal, primeiro por educação familiar e, segundo por querer ser independente. Quando se tem um negócio por conta própria acredito que se deve ser fail-safe porque é impossível ser safe-fail, sobretudo numa economia socialista.

Na semana passada ouvia o comentário de Camilo Lourenço no FB sobre a importância da condicionalidade associada aos dinheiros da UE para evitar a sua má aplicação, para minimizar #famiglia e #ComPrimos. Ouvia Camilo Lourenço e pensava: 

- Mas alguém sabe como aplicar o dinheiro?

Lembram-se do dinheiro europeu aplicado em Portugal no primeiro mandato de Cavaco? Quanto desse dinheiro poderia ter sido validado como bem aplicado, para depois não valer de nada porque o mundo mudou. 

Recordar:

Quando o mundo muda, o que era verdade passa a mentira e vice-versa.

O que é que eu li esta manhã? Isto:

“Effects on travel and tourism, hospitality, entertainment, retail, aerospace and even the automotive industry [Moi ici: Turismo, aviação e automóvel. Nos primeiros 5 meses de 2019 o sector aeronáutico aumentava as exportações em 70%, o automóvel em 17% e o turismo batia recordes por cá]

The ways in which consumers interact with each other as well as what and how they consume have been significantly affected by the pandemic. Consequently, the ensuing reset in different industries will vary fundamentally depending on the nature of the economic transaction involved. In those industries where consumers transact socially and in person, the first months and possibly years of the post-pandemic era will be much tougher than for those where the transaction can be at a greater physical distance or even virtual. In modern economies, a large amount of what we consume happens through social interaction: travel and vacations, bars and restaurants, sporting events and retail, cinemas and theatres, concerts and festivals, conventions and conferences, museums and libraries, education: they all correspond to social forms of consumption that represent a significant portion of total economic activity and employment (services represent about 80% of total jobs in the US, most of which are “social” by nature). [Moi ici: 80% nos Estados Unidos!!! Quanto será por cá?]

...

Industries that have social interaction at their core have been hit the hardest by the lockdowns. Among them are many sectors that add up to a very significant proportion of total economic activity and employment: travel and tourism, leisure, sport, events and entertainment. For months and possibly years, they will be forced to operate at reduced capacity, hit by the double whammy of fears about the virus restraining consumption and the imposition of regulations aimed at countering these fears by creating more physical space between consumers.

...

In many of these industries, but particularly in hospitality and retail, small businesses will suffer disproportionately, having to walk a very fine line between surviving the closures imposed by the lockdowns (or sharply reduced business) and bankruptcy. Operating at reduced capacity with even tighter margins means that many will not survive. The fallout from their failure will have hard-felt ramifications both for national economies and local communities. Small businesses are the main engine of employment growth and account in most advanced economies for half of all private-sector jobs. If significant numbers of them go to the wall, if there are fewer shops, restaurants and bars in a particular neighbourhood, the whole community will be impacted as unemployment rises and demand dries up, setting in motion a vicious and downward spiral and affecting ever greater numbers of small businesses in a particular community."

Acreditar em planos de iluminados, de esquerda ou de direita, seria um sacrilégio para um fanático como eu, segundo o ministro (por ter votado Iniciativa Liberal) por acreditar no "Deixem as empresas morrer". Então, o que fazer com o dinheiro da UE? Eu não decidiria o que é melhor ou pior, eu usaria o dinheiro para baixar impostos, para baixar as barreiras à entrada de quem se quer estabelecer em Portugal, seja nacional ou estrangeiro.

Torrar dinheiro em hidrogénio e outras cenas não me assiste.

Trechos retirados de “COVID-19: The Great Reset” de Klaus Schwab.

Mongo na medicina

Mongo na medicina, a velha lição dinamarquesa. 

“We are in a race to the holy grail of precision medicine—bringing the right treatments to the right patients at the right time. Progress is being made on so many fronts—life sciences companies are developing cell therapies in cancer, artificial pancreas device systems in diabetes, apps that help battle neurodegenerative diseases and optimize nutrition, and wearables that can track everything from heart disease to fertility. Technology companies are creating algorithms to select cancer treatments.

...

We are at the intersection of biological and technological revolution, at a point where the digitization of health and medicine is becoming a reality at the same time that medical innovation is catching up with—and possibly even exceeding the speed of—growth in computational capacity.

...

The convergence of these digital and biological revolutions means that the next breakthrough cure—or treatment that turns a fatal condition into a chronic disease—will come from computers and algorithms working in concert with patients, physicians, and scientists.”

Recordar a Coloplast:

• Um antropologista entra num bar... (parte II) (Fevereiro de 2014) 
• Os humanos são todos diferentes (Fevereiro de 2019) 
• Uma parte importante da revolução económica do futuro vai passar por aqui (Abril de 2020)

Trechos retirados de “The Patient Equation” de Glen de Vries.

The alternative

When I write here about Mongo, about the Mongo metaphor, or the Estranhistão (Weirdistan), it’s because of this that Seth Godin wrote in "Commercial vulnerability":

"The question for most of us is: What if the work you do is:

• compliance-based
• standardized
• repetitive
• not based on innovative or flexible customer interaction…

If it is, it’s pretty likely that you’ll be replaced by a combination of robots, AI and outsourcing.

If they can find someone or something cheaper than you, they’re going to work overtime to do so.

The alternative is to be local, creative, energetic, optimistic, trusted, innovative and hard to replace."

Mongo, land of the weird

The 20th century - Land of mass 

Some say that the 20th century in economic terms started in October 1913 with the opening of the first Ford assembly line.

 

"On October 7, 1913, the production of the model that was to become the classic of the classics moved to Highland Park."

 

The Ford founder said that the customer could choose the color of the car as long as it was black, but more, it was not just any black, it had to be Japan Black, because it was the color that dried faster.

 

"it was the ability of japan black to dry quickly that made it a favorite of early mass-produced automobiles such as Henry Ford's Model T. The Ford company's reliance on japan black led Henry Ford to quip" Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black ".

While other colors were available for automotive finishes, early colored variants of automotive lacquers could take up to 14 days to cure, whereas japan black would cure in 48 hours or less. "

 

The twentieth century, in economic terms, was a time when demand was greater than supply.

And when demand is greater than supply, the boss is the one who produces. Who produces is who establishes what is produced, what is put on the market and with what specifications. In this type of competitive universe, the critical success factor is price. Therefore, everything is done to be efficient, to increase the production rate, to reduce unit costs.

·      "economics of scale;

·      large, physically and temporally concentrated production facilities;

·      long production runs;

·      mass markets;

·      task specialization; and

·      standardization. "

 One of the biggest enemies of efficiency is variety, because long production runs are wanted. The 20th century didn't want variety, it wanted blockbusters, it wanted big sellers, it wanted best sellers, it wanted market share. And the customers?

 

Customers agreed to exchange variety for uniformity because they were able to access goods at a lower price. Seth Godin uses admirable metaphor to portray this world. The world in which producers treat consumers like plankton, an indistinct and homogeneous mass, without individual wishes.

 

When the deal is price, when the deal is dictated by efficiency, when everything produced has a way out, then it is enough to look inside, it is enough to measure performance based on financial results. So I call the 20th century economic model Magnitogorsk or Levittown.

 

The city of Magnitogorsk in the USSR was rebuilt during Stalinism:

 

"In Magnitogorsk, there were two types of apartment, named 'A' and 'B'. They were the city’s sole concession to variety."

 

I read somewhere that the difference between type A and type B lay in the color of the lamps, white or orange. Do not think that the Magnitogorsk were a hallmark of the communist world. No, they were a consequence of an industrial model based on mass production and with little or no care with what users intended or valued. The United States also had its version, Levittown:

 

"In July 1947, on potato fields 20 miles from Manhattan, William Levitt pioneered the mass production of affordable homes. Variations in the 17,477 houses were minor; each had two bedrooms, a bath, living room and kitchen on a 750-square-foot By standardizing the units, Levitt eventually was able to put up more than two dozen a day, helping fill the enormous postwar demand. Over the years, innumerable changes to the homes have transformed the community. But even now, Levittown remains a kind of shorthand for the sameness of mass production that's starting to give way to mass customization. "

 

When the competitive landscape begins to ripple

 

As the twentieth century progressed, the imbalance between supply and demand was reduced until it passed to the other side: supply became bigger than demand.

 

When this happens, a real epistemological shock occurs. It is not enough to produce, power passes to those who buy, not to those who produce. And that changes everything. What is the use of being very efficient if the product does not leave the warehouse?

 

The more the imbalance accentuated, the more power passed to the buyer, the more the producer had to get off the pedestal and try to seduce the buyer. 

 

And it is in this context of increasing competition, increasing variety, the growing power of choice for customers and consumers translates into a growing complexity and variety with a more uncertain, faster world, with many variants, with many more strategies.

 

I like to use the image of a landscape that ripples over time to illustrate what happens in the economic world as we abandon the 20th century paradigm:

While the twentieth century could be represented by a landscape with a single peak, and the further up the peak, the more return organizations had. And they were all looking for the same, to climb as high as possible and as quickly as possible to the top of the same peak. Whoever climbs faster will have a competitive advantage over the rest, given the virtuous mechanism of the effect of scale in a scenario governed by efficiency. The 21st century economy, on the other hand, is progressively wrinkling and generating more and more peaks. More and more companies, despite appearing to be operating in the same economic sector, do not compete with each other, as they specialize in serving different types of customers in different circumstances. One of the phrases I often repeat is that economics is a continuation of biology. And biology gives us great lessons that can be translated into economics. One of the stories I most like to tell is that of doctoral student Robert MacArthur who discovered that five different species of warblers could feed on the same tree without competing with each other, each species fed on a different area:

An example of what the Russian biologist G. Gause published in 1934 in the book “The struggle for existence”, where he reported the conclusions of a set of experiments, he carried out with paramecia and from which I quote the principle of exclusive competition:

 

"Two species cannot coexist indefinitely if they feed on the same type of scarce nutrient."

 

Making the parallelism for organizations; in a world bursting with variety, companies cannot be managed in the same way. Different "species" serve different types of customers. So, they need to be managed differently. 

 

I use the label Mongo to describe this world of increasing variety where effectiveness is much more important than efficiency.

The 90% economy"

"IN MANY THINGS 90% is just fine; in an economy it is miserable, and China shows why. The country started to end its lockdown in February. Factories are busy and the streets are no longer empty. The result is the 90% economy. It is better than a severe lockdown, but it is far from normal. The missing bits include large chunks of everyday life.

...

Discretionary consumer spending, on such things as restaurants, has fallen by 40% and hotel stays are a third of normal. People are weighed down by financial hardship and the fear of a second wave of covid-19. Bankruptcies are rising and unemployment, one broker has said, is three times the official level, at around 20%.

.

If the post-lockdown rich world suffers its own brand of the 90% economy, life will be hard

...

Many businesses will emerge from lockdown short of money, with strained balance-sheets and facing weak demand.

...

The longer the world has to endure a 90% economy, the less likely it is to snap back after the pandemic."

Trechos retirados de "Life after lockdowns"

Plano de reflexões

Ainda esta semana numa empresa começámos a preencher um Plano de Comunicação. Um documento que irá crescer ao longo do tempo, em função das necessidades que irão emergir tendo em conta diferentes propósitos e audiências.

Ontem li este artigo, "Four ways to reflect that help boost performance" onde encontrei esta interessante tabela:

Que reflexões são feitas na sua empresa? Com que propósito e com que participantes?

Nestes tempo após a 1ª vaga COVID-19 julgo tão importante aquele "Scanning the horizon"... e no entanto, tenho apanhado tantas surpresas negativas... venha ou não venha esmola da UE, os próximos tempos vão piorar antes de melhorar. E o que vejo? Gente confiando que o layoff os vai proteger da necessidade de se reconfigurarem. Gente que acha que isto de reflectir sobre o contexto é treta para a ISO 9001.

Fará sentido desenhar um Plano de Reflexões para a sua empresa?

Repugnante

Não saímos deste modo de vida... pedintes profissionais.

🤬😢

Modelos e decisões

“Models should not be judged by the sophistication of the mathematics – in itself neither good nor bad – but by the insights which that model provides into a particular problem that we are trying to solve.

...

Models are tools like those in the van of the professional plumber, which can be helpful in one context and irrelevant in others. As with the tools in the van, there may be several models which contribute to the solution of a specific problem. And there are times when there is no good model to explain what we see. But we still have to make decisions. So the test of a model is therefore whether it is useful in making the decisions which need to be made in government, business and finance, and in households, in a world of radical uncertainty.

The pursuit of practical knowledge which gives useful advice to policy-makers begins from the question ‘What is going on here?’ The plumber looks first for the origin of the leak. A doctor conducts a consultation by observing symptoms and taking readings until he or she can begin to formulate a diagnosis and prescribe a treatment. An engineer or architect begins by scoping the project, and a dentist makes an examination and assessment before recommending a course of action. All these approaches are distinct from the search for abstract knowledge of ‘the world as it really is’ which characterises the work of physicists and philosophers. But the crucial contribution of economics to the world is defined by its role as practical knowledge, not as scientific theory.”

Trechos retirados de “Radical Uncertainty” de John Kay e Mervyn King

Metaphors

I am a visual guy, and sometimes I stumble across images that grab my attention in a way...

How many personal, commercial and political metaphors could we illustrate with this image?

Magnifique!!!

Thank you Yuval Robichek

"Being nimble is easier for a small structure "

“In the post-COVID-19 era, apart from those few sectors in which companies will benefit on average from strong tailwinds (most notably tech, health and wellness), the journey will be challenging and sometimes treacherous. For some, like entertainment, travel or hospitality, a return to a pre-pandemic environment is unimaginable in the foreseeable future (and maybe never in some cases…). For others, namely manufacturing or food, it is more about finding ways to adjust to the shock and capitalize on some new trends (like digital) to thrive in the post-pandemic era. Size also makes a difference. The difficulties tend to be greater for small businesses that, on average, operate on smaller cash reserves and thinner profit margins than large companies. Moving forward, most of them will be dealing with cost–revenue ratios that put them at a disadvantage compared to bigger rivals. But being small can offer some advantages in today’s world where flexibility and celerity can make all the difference in terms of adaptation. Being nimble is easier for a small structure than for an industrial behemoth.”

Trecho retirado de “COVID-19: The Great Reset” de Klaus Schwab.

"In the world as it is, we cope rather than optimise"

“the lesson of experience is that there is no single approach to financial markets which makes money or explains ‘what is going on here’, no single narrative of ‘the financial world as it really is’. There is a multiplicity of valid approaches, and the appropriate tools, model-based or narrative, are specific to context and to the skills and judgement of the investor. We can indeed benefit from the insights of both Thales of Miletus and Harry Markowitz, and learn from both of the contradictory narratives of the world of finance propagated by Gene Fama and Bob Shiller. But we must also recognise the limits to the insights we derive from their small-world models.

...

Radical uncertainty precludes optimising behaviour. In the world as it is, we cope rather than optimise.”

Trechos retirados de “Radical Uncertainty” de John Kay e Mervyn King

Engenheiros sociais, decreto, cobardia e conversa da treta

Cada vez encontro mais "engenheiros sociais" que sonham com o after-pandemia para criar um mundo novo. Gente que me mete muito medo. Neste livro, por exemplo, ora encontro a defesa da tomada de medidas para salvar empregos, custe o que custar, como logo a seguir, poucas páginas depois encontro:

“The green economy spans a range of possibilities from greener energy to ecotourism to the circular economy. For example, shifting from the “take-make-dispose” approach to production and consumption to a model that is “restorative and regenerative by design” can preserve resources and minimize waste by using a product again when it reaches the end of its useful life, thus creating further value that can in turn generate economic benefits by contributing to innovation, job creation and, ultimately, growth. Companies and strategies that favour reparable products with longer lifespans (from phones and cars to fashion) that even offer free repairs (like Patagonia outdoor wear) and platforms for trading used products are all expanding fast.”

Agora, imaginem coragem no discurso para chegar junto dos empresários da moda em Portugal e dizer-lhes que o mundo em que foram criados tem de dar lugar a uma outra realidade por decreto.

No JdN de ontem lia:

"O líder do setor do vestuário e confeção considera que o Estado português deve “investir em salvar o emprego” nesta indústria, que corre o risco de perder um saber-fazer que é difícil de recuperar. 

...

Há uma mais-valia que o vestuário português tem a nível mundial. Temos uma indústria excelente, amiga do ambiente, um ecossistema do melhor que há. Sem o lay-off simplificado, com os termos que tinha ou até melhorados para não penalizar tanto a empresa, corremos o risco de perder este ecossistema e o saber-fazer, que é difícil de criar novamente. O Estado tem de fazer um plano agressivo para evitar o colapso das empresas e de investir na manutenção dos postos de trabalho nos próximos meses, até ao final do ano. Não é em equipamento; é em salvar o emprego."

Amiga do ambiente, nas assente no modelo “take-make-dispose”. 

Humildemente me confesso e assumo a preferência pela Via Negativa.

Recordar "Are you prepared to walk the talk?"

Trecho retirado de “COVID-19: The Great Reset” de Klaus Schwab.

Cuidado com o que desejas, pode ser que o obtenhas. Ou, como Karma is a bitch

Este postal de Agosto de 2019, ""The Great Sparrow Campaign" - gente perigosa", faz um apanhado daquilo a que se pode chamar: Cuidado com o que desejas, pode ser que o obtenhas. 

Há dias, enquanto conduzia, ouvi e tomei consciência dum trecho dos Coldplay:

"when you get what you want but not what you need"

Ontem no JdN apanhei:

"César Araújo propõe que 60% dos artigos consumidos sejam fabricados na Europa

...

Tudo tem de partir da consciência dos nossos governantes em Bruxelas. Não vale a pena só injetar dinheiro. A Europa tem de fazer um Plano Marshall e dizer que 60% dos produtos consumidos têm de ser manufaturados na Europa."

Isto é tão a conversa da APROLEP que até dói ...

Atentemos no que César Araújo dizia há meses:

"Vocacionada para a produção de vestuário para marcas da gama média-alta e luxo, a Calvelex exporta as cerca de 800 mil peças que fabrica anualmente para os quatro cantos do mundo, com enfoque especial na Europa e nos EUA.

...

Quais vão ser os principais mercados da Calvelex em 2018?

.

Vão ser toda a Europa, que é o nosso mercado doméstico, os EUA, o Canadá, a Coreia do Sul e o Japão."

Como é que um dirigente associativo no século XXI ainda vê a economia como um jogo de soma nula?

E se os países extra-europeus para onde exporta resolverem aplicar a receita que ele propõe para a Europa?

E não tem mais nada para dizer?

Volta e meia escrevo aqui no blogue sobre os líderes associativos e a sua importância.

Acredito que as associações deveriam ser mais pragmáticas e exigentes no momento de escolherem o seu líder. 

Recordo:

"Como é que os dirigentes associativos mais mediatizados costumam reagir perante a mudança? Defendendo o passado e anatemizando a mudança" (daqui)

"Qual o papel do presidente de uma associação? Não é também o de ajudar os associados a agarrar o touro pelos cornos? Não é também o de sugerir alternativas? Não é também o de ser vanguarda?" (daqui) 

"Já por várias vezes escrevi aqui no blogue sobre a importância das associações empresariais serem lideradas por gente optimista, gente que consegue subir mais alto e ver mais longe, gente que em vez de defender o passado, tem como prioridade abraçar o futuro, conquistar o futuro, criar o futuro... mais, deviam ser refinados batoteiros, gente que não espera pelo futuro,  antes aspira a criá-lo, a construí-lo, a influenciá-lo.

.

Já por várias vezes escrevi aqui no blogue sobre as direcções de associações empresariais que estão tão preocupadas com a salvação do passado que não conseguem sentir as oportunidades do futuro. Por isso, escrevo que são associações em que os associados individualmente estão muito à frente do pensamento dos dirigentes associativos." (daqui) 

"O espírito de um sector industrial é um espelho do ambiente que os seus líderes associativos criam!!!" (daqui)

Hoje, antes do almoço comecei a ler "Lojas guardam coleções para vender em 2021" e parei estarrecido depois de:

"o presidente da Associação das Indústrias de Vestuário e Confeção (ANIVEC) explica que as marcas estão a “atirar a coleção primavera/verão para o próximo ano”, por estarem neste momento “cheios de stock” e não terem maneira de o escoar a preços favoráveis para o negócio. César Araújo diz ao jornal que esta opção dos comerciantes “só têm o impacto de capital – e para muitos nem será grande porque arrastaram os pagamentos às fábricas para mais meses”."

E não tem mais nada para dizer? 

E o impacte disto no futuro dos associados do grupo que dirige? E o impacte disto nas vendas dos associados?

Um dia, será criada uma associação de empresários que fazem o by-pass ao país, uma associação de empresários que não pensam em recorrer a apoios do estado, uma associação que se orgulhe de ter como membros empresários que colocam à entrada das suas unidades de produção o aviso: "se for ministro não entre!" Nessa altura será muito mais importante estar atento ao contexto e decidir em função dele, será muito mais importante futurizar, criar cenários, pensar o depois de amanhã. Ainda não estamos nesse dia.

 

"Making choices"

"You cannot treat the whole market as one. The market has never been  homogeneous and is becoming increasingly less so. People and businesses differ in how they value  a product, how they value different product attributes and in their spending power. Marketing is about segmentation and targeting, find what is relevant and important to different segments and deliver a version they are willing to pay for.

most interesting to me are the regions outside the diagonal band. Notice the holes in top left and bottom right. Just because holes exist in a  segmentation strategy it does not mean it must be targeted. What would the price look like for these two segments? Are there sizable number of  customers in these two segments? If yes can AT&T target them with more versions without confusing the “diagonal” customers?  Do these holes open up opportunities for competitors to enter the market? If yes, why didn’t AT&T choose not to go after these segments? What do they know that competitors don’t?

.

If marketing is about segmentation and targeting, strategy is about making choices – choices about how to effectively apply limited resources to maximize profit."

Trechos retirados de "One word – Versions" 

A importância da estratégia de uma organização

Ao longo dos anos tenho referido aqui no blogue a importância da gestão das empresas para explicar a variabilidade num mesmo sector económico de um país. Eis mais uma referência sobre o tema, "Leadership Matters: When, How Much, and How?":

"In summary, our research shows the following:

New CEOs often cause a significant, sustained change in performance. The companies of the top 20% of CEOs outperformed their sector by 9 percentage points per year over the course of their tenure, controlling for other factors, whereas the companies of the bottom 20% underperformed by 11 points.

The spread of CEO impact varies by strategic context. The gap between the most and the least successful CEOs is up to 9 points wider in fast-growing, technology-driven businesses than in slower-growing, more-regulated contexts.

The CEO effect tends to decline with scale. The performance spread caused by the CEO effect is greater among smaller firms (driven largely by a higher potential upside), but a significant spread exists in companies of all sizes.

Some actions are associated with CEO success across nearly all contexts. Top-performing CEOs are more likely to take a long-term approach to strategy, accelerate M&A activity, increase their company’s ESG scores, and pay more attention to diversity."

E a implicação disto, é a importância da estratégia de uma organização para os seus resultados, o.mais do que tudo o resto.

Disciplinar a inovação?

Quantas vezes me deparo com empresas que se queixam de que lançam muitos produtos novos, gastam muitos recursos, mas vêem poucos resultados. Eis uma ideia que pode ser aproveitada por empresas que precisam de disciplinar a sua inovação: "Innovation Project Scorecard: Evidence Trumps Opinion":

"Teams need to show hard evidence that a market exists and customers are interested (i.e. desirability), that the required infrastructure can be built and managed (i.e. feasibility), and evidence that the projected revenues and profits are not a fantasy (i.e. viability)."

Esta ferramenta pode ser adapatada a empresas em sectores tradicionais. 

Torrar dinheiro de contribuintes

E quando o empreendedor é o estado... a decidir com o dinheiro dos bolsos dos contribuintes... estão a ver o perigo?

"Num país que dispõe já de 7.000 MW de potências intermitentes com FIT para um consumo de apenas 3.900 MW no vazio, o hidrogénio é a nova desculpa para se instalarem mais 2.000 MW de novas potências solares intermitentes com FIT. É o mundo ao contrário!

Em vez de se estancar o problema não atribuindo mais FIT a potências intermitentes, e fazendo com que o mercado se ajuste às disponibilidades de eletricidade aos melhores preços, promovem-se ainda mais potencias intermitentes com FIT para se resolver o problema das FIT através do hidrogénio.

...

Mesmo não estando disponível nenhuma tecnologia competitiva para produzir hidrogénio através da eletrólise da água, o documento que esteve em consulta pública aponta desde já para um investimento de 7.000 milhões de euros (!!!), e numa primeira fase este hidrogénio destinar-se-á exclusivamente ao mercado interno." (fonte)

Pois:

“One of us was shown a paper written by a well-known macroeconomist with considerable experience in central banks and finance ministries. The model showed that an inflation objective would be met, given the model, if the central bank announced today what interest rates would be at different dates for several years ahead. 25 The author of the paper was asked ‘So what insight do we gain from this model?’ The answer was that the numbers derived from the model should be the policy. That answer begins to make sense only if the economist believed that his model described ‘the world as it really is’. But a small-world model does not do that; its value lies in framing a problem to provide insights into the large-world problem facing the policy-maker and not in the pretence that it can provide precise quantitative guidance. You cannot derive a probability or a forecast or a policy recommendation from a model; the probability is meaningful, the forecast accurate or the policy recommendation well founded only within the context of the model .

Other disciplines seem more alive to this issue. The bridge builder or the aeronautics engineer, dealing with a much more firmly established body of knowledge, will wisely be sceptical of a quantitative answer which is not consistent with his or her prior experience. And our own experience in economics is that the most common explanation of a surprising result is that someone has made an “error. In finance, economics and business, models never describe ‘the world as it really is’. Informed judgement will always be required in understanding and interpreting the output of a model and in using it in any large-world situation.”

Trechos retirados de “Radical Uncertainty” de John Kay e Mervyn King

Só escapa a agricultura

Eis o conjunto de sectores económicos que acompanho há vários anos e que uso para perceber como vão as PME e alguns incumbentes grandes.

Impressionante a evolução das exportações de peixe, -30% (não costumo incluir na tabela que analiso).

Um retrato que ilustra um novo "ano de 2009"

Promotor da concorrência imperfeita, dos monopólios informais e das rendas pornográficas

Em Julho de 2011 escrevi aqui:

"Os mercados não se regem por leis imortais, imutáveis, talhadas na pedra. Os mercados não existem, emergem, vão emergindo da relação entre os intervenientes. Mentes conservadoras podem crer que os mercados são como os reagentes de uma reacção química e que o tempo não os influencia, por mais vezes que se repita a experiência. Tolos!!! Os mercados são seres vivos que aprendem e desaprendem não podendo ser encarcerados numa lógica newtoniana"

Ontem, durante a caminhada matinal encontrei:

"And although Newtonian mechanics is not a description of ‘the world as it really is’, it is extremely useful in a wide variety of situations. It makes sense to live our lives under the assumption that physical laws hold and do not change, but it does not make sense to live our lives under the assumption that the world of human affairs is stationary."

Em Dezembro passado escrevi:

"Estão a ver aqueles que acreditam que os académicos, ou os políticos sabem quais as decisões a tomar para gerir uma empresa?

...

O salto sem rede! O abandono da navegação de cabotagem! Nadar na zona sem pé! Apostar no optimismo não documentado. Ah! "Following the bliss"."

Na mesma caminhada matinal encontrei:

"Although most profit opportunities have been taken, it is those that have not been taken which provide rewards to entrepreneurs and which drive innovation in technology and business practice. Paradoxically, the desire of the Chicago School to treat the economy as if markets were perfectly competitive [Moi ici: Promotor da concorrência imperfeita, dos monopólios informais e das rendas pornográficas] left it blind to the earlier Chicago insight which emphasised the capacity for innovation arising from the search for profit in an uncertain and constantly changing environment. The innovative success of a market economy does not result from individuals or firms trying to ‘optimise’ but from their attempts by trial and error to navigate a world of radical uncertainty. In practice, successful people work out how to cope with and manage uncertainty, not how to optimise."

Trechos retirados de “Radical Uncertainty” de John Kay e Mervyn King

Relevance, not quantity

You don't need to have a huge list of internal and external issues in the context analysis of your quality management system. You need to have a list of truly relevant issues. That is how ISO 9001:2015 uses the word determine, not identify.

Example from "Health and safety, environment and quality audits: a risk-based approach" from Stephen Asbury.

"stand for something"

Mais uma mensagem de Seth Godin:

"Most of the brands we truly care about stand for something. And the thing they stand for is unlikely to be, “whatever you want, we have it.” It’s also unlikely to be, “you can choose anyone and we’re anyone.”

.

A meaningful specific can’t possibly please everyone. That’s the deal."

E a sua empresa... recorde Justin Bieber.

 

Trecho retirado de "“It might not be for you”" 

Pivoting

Um artigo sobre aquilo que é apanágio das organizações que vivem do seu esforço e não podem contar com amigos em lugares de poder para lhes facilitar a vida, "How Businesses Have Successfully Pivoted During the Pandemic":

"The reality of how companies are dealing with the crisis and preparing for the recovery tells a very different story, one of pivoting to business models conducive to short-term survival along with long-term resilience and growth. Pivoting is a lateral move that creates enough value for the customer and the firm to share."

An uncomfortable feeling

When you are auditing how an organization has treated its context analysis according to ISO 9001:2015,  you may conclude that the organization has answered to all requeriments and yet... feel some how uncomfortable with the exercise. An organization may tick all requirements and yet miss the most important.

I found this passage that I think applies to this feeling:

"As you will see, auditing is concerned with seeking to provide a level of confirmation (or assurance) that an organization has addressed reasonably foreseeable significant risks to its operations and to the achievement of its objectives with a suitable framework (or series of interconnected frameworks) for internal control.

...

Along with providing assurance for the present, auditing should also provide a future focused view of the suitability of this control framework(s) for the changing business environments of the months and years ahead. Information about the future is generally much more valuable to managers than information about the present or the past."

Sometimes it is not easy to communicate that feeling to the organization. You are an auditor not a consultant, and it is not easy to judge the strategic thinking skills of a top management team. 

Sometimes those that are not immersed in a specific situation, that don't live it daily are more aware of the background trends.

 

Passage from "Health and safety, environment and quality audits: a risk-based approach" from Stephen Asbury.

 

Não esqueçam dos aumentos da função pública para o ano

Quando a nossa visão pessimista 

é ultrapassada pelas previsões de outros mais institucionais:

O tal slogan parvo, o mais parvo de sempre.

Se o PIB cair 17% e se a despesa do estado é rígida, e se o estado já consumia 50% do PIB em 2019, como fica o peso do estado no PIB? Como fica o défice? Não esqueçam dos aumentos da função pública para o ano.

Comentadores e prognósticos

Uma destas noites estava a jantar e por azar a televisão estava ligada na RTP1. Então, aparece um comentador que eu julgava já estar reformado, Nicolau Santos.

Foi dele que me lembrei esta manhã ao ler:

"Few readers will be surprised that Tetlock learnt from his initial work that the forecasters in his sample were not very good; little better than a chimpanzee throwing darts. What is, perhaps, most surprising is that he found that the principal factor differentiating the good from the bad was how well known the forecaster was. The more prominent the individual concerned, the more often the forecaster is reported by the media, the more frequently consulted by politicians and business leaders, the less credence should be placed on that individual’s prognostications.

...

We both have the experience of dealing with researchers for radio and television programmes: if you profess an opinion that is unambiguous and – for preference – extreme, a car will be on its way to take you to the studio; if you suggest that the issue is complicated, they will thank you for your advice and offer to ring you back. They rarely do. People understandably like clear opinions but the truth is that many issues inescapably involve saying ‘on the one hand, but on the other’."

Trechos retirados de “Radical Uncertainty” de John Kay e Mervyn King