"In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the U.S. and the global economy experienced a "China shock," a boom in imports of cheap Chinese made goods that helped keep inflation low but at the cost of local manufacturing jobs. [Moi ici: Lembram-se dos experts a dizerem que por cá era por causa do euro? Recordo, O choque chinês num país de moeda forte (parte VI), It's not the euro, stupid! (parte IV) e Acerca da desvalorização interna] A sequel might be in the making as Beijing doubles down on exports to revive the country's growth. Its factories are churning out more cars, machinery and consumer electronics than its domestic economy can absorb. Propped up by cheap, state-directed loans, Chinese companies are glutting foreign markets with products they can't sell at home.
Some economists see this China shock pushing inflation down even more than the first. China's economy is now slowing, whereas, in the previous era, it was booming. As a result, the disinflationary effect of cheap Chinese-manufactured goods won't be offset by Chinese demand for iron ore, coal and other commodities.
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There are some countervailing forces. The U.S., Europe and Japan don't want a rerun of the early 2000s, when cheap Chinese goods put many of their factories out of business. So they have extended billions of dollars in support to industries deemed strategic, and imposed or threatened to impose tariffs on Chinese imports. Aging populations and persistent labor shortages in the developed world could further offset some disinflationary pressure China exerts this time. "It won't be the same China shock," said David Autor, a professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and one of the authors of a 2016 paper that described the original China shock.
Even so, "the concerns are more fundamental" now, Autor said, because China is competing with advanced economies in cars, computer chips and complex machinery-higher-value industries that are viewed as more central to technological leadership.
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In 2016, Autor and other economists estimated that the U.S. lost more than two million jobs between 1999 and 2011 as a result of Chinese imports, as makers of furniture, toys and clothes buckled under the competition and workers in hollowed-out communities struggled to find new roles. A sequel of sorts appears to be under way."
A ser verdade, o impacte será sentido sobretudo pelos fabricantes de produtos como máquinas e automóveis.
Trechos retirados do WSJ de 4 de Março passado em "New China Export Boom Cuts Two Ways".
