Schumpeter, China e nós

E volto a "China has embraced creative destruction, says Tom Orlik" publicado no número de Março de 2025 da Bloomberg Businessweek.

Não sei até que ponto o autor é isento, mas fica o aviso.

"National People's Congress? Don't count on it. After decades following British economist John Maynard Keynes and his doctrine of demand management, China's leadership is taking a lesson from US economist Joseph Schumpeter and his creed of creative destruction.

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The rest of the world had moved on from Keynes and his great insight-born of the Great Depression of the 1930s—that in a downturn the government should pay people to dig holes in the ground and then fill them in. But until pretty recently, roads to nowhere, desolate airports and vacant apartment towers showed China was sticking to the Keynes playbook.

This resolve was great for growth. In the years after the global financial crisis of 2008, China's economy continued to hum, while self-imposed austerity delayed recoveries in the US and Europe. All that stimulus, though, left China laboring under a heavy burden of overcapacity. In the end, too many idle factories, too many empty apartments and too many unpaid real estate loans resulted in an economic malaise not dissimilar to the one that afflicted Western economies in the 1970s after their decades of following Keynes' recipe.

What's the solution? Whether by choice or necessity, Keynes is out and China is now following the precepts of another great economist: Schumpeter. In Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, his magnum opus, Schumpeter argues that the power of the capitalist system came from a "perennial gale of creative destruction" blowing through the economy. New technologies displace old technologies. New companies displace old companies. For the losers, it's painful. But it drives progress.

Schumpeter made the case that creative destruction was unique to capitalism. China is demonstrating it can work in its hybrid state-plus-market system, too. Exhibit A is the property sector, where after years of backstopping developers, the government is allowing them to face the consequences of their excesses. The shakeout has been savage for all those involved, from bondholders to homebuyers who made down payments on apartments that will never be built. But it also means capital and labor are freed up for more productive purposes.

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Is the transition from Keynes to Schumpeter going to be smooth? No. ... the country is moving from a diet of cheesecake to a diet of broccoli-less tasty but more healthy.

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It was as an immigrant to the US-and professor at Harvard-that Schumpeter developed his theory of creative destruction. If the US is to stay ahead in the global economic race, it would be wise not to forget his wisdom, especially as China has just learned it."

Há anos que defendo aqui no blogue a necessidade de deixar as empresas morrer, de apoiar as pessoas, não as empresas, durante a transição dolorosa. Por cá sempre ouvi o choradinho, o peditório dos que à segunda, terça e quarta querem apoios para as empresas, para depois à quinta, sexta e Sábado clamar por menos impostos. Agora, é ainda mais impressionante, leio a mesma conversa a nível da União Europeia.

Não vamos ficar todos bem!

Este artigo "»Es geht ums nackte Überleben der energieintensiven Industrie"" é impressionante. A loucura dos governos ao longo dos anos, o locus de controlo no exterior do CEO ... aqui até o percebo é uma loucura quase maquiavélica. Será que a Alemanha teve um cavalo de Tróia nos seus governos?