"Identify your core market of primary customers"

Uma mensagem ainda mais antiga que este blogue. Um marcador dos primeiros tempos: Julho de 2007; Março de 2008:

“For firms that have truly made the shift to the customer-driven mindset, here are some of the practices that tend to emerge.
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1. Target. Identify your core market of primary customers. Delighting this group is important so that you have a resilient customer base. Trying to satisfy everyone at the outset practically guarantees average products and services that will not delight anyone. Careful choices need to be made in terms of where to put one’s efforts."

Como eu gosto da imagem deste postal de 2008:

Excerto de: Stephen Denning. “The Age of Agile”

Compreender o contexto

Quem trabalha com PME exportadoras e trabalha a ISO 9001 tem obrigação de chamar a atenção das empresas para estas questões, "Guerra arancelaria: el textil en la trinchera":

"El viernes, nueve categorías de productos textiles procedentes de Estados Unidos comenzaron a pagar el 25% de aranceles al llegar a suelo europeo, situación que está generando cierta incertidumbre en la industria de la Unión Europea, por saber cómo responderá el presidente Donald Trump a esta medida.
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De hecho, China ya gravó con aranceles del 25% a 659 productos procedentes de Estados Unidos, entre esos el algodón."

Hollowing e radio clube

Do texto "Hollow inside" sublinho:

"When we bring a brand to the world, it’s rare indeed that people are okay with it having nothing inside. The wrapper matters, but so does the experience within."

E recordo que desde Novembro de 2010 uso o termo "hollowing" que partir de Agosto de 2011 passou a ser um marcador.

"Aquilo a que assistimos são as consequências do esvaziamento da diferenciação dos produtos. Ficou a marca, mas o produto sobre o qual a marca assentava... está igual ao da marca do Pingo Doce..."

E desde Julho de 2011 que também uso o marcador radio clube:

"As marcas fogem à matematização... mas não as marcas ôcas, porque se tornaram ôcas, porque se radioclubeportuguisaram, e já só são um nome, uma carcaça exterior."

Quantas variantes dum produto?

Um tema que deve interessar a quem se preocupa com posicionamento, proposta de valor e perceber o cliente-alvo:

"Consumers almost always tell researchers that they prefer to have many versions of a product from which to choose. But, in fact, consumers’ perceptions of how many choices they prefer change depending on whether they intend to use an item for pleasure or to meet a functional need. (Think of a swimsuit desired for beachwear versus swimming laps.) For retailers, that difference has big implications for the problem of assortment — how many variations of a single product to offer.
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Consumers motivated by pleasure believe that what pleases them differs greatly from what pleases most other people. They will therefore prefer a large assortment. But when seeking to meet a utilitarian need with the same product, they are less inclined to see their preferences as being greatly different from those of other people. They will then be satisfied by a smaller assortment from which to choose."

O texto competo pode ser encontrado em "How Many Versions of a Product Do Consumers Really Want?"

Rumo ao socialismo

Ontem fui reler umas páginas de "Inovação e Gestão" de Peter Drucker (neste postal de 2006 pode ver-se como foi um livro importante para mim) e choquei contra este trecho:

"A actividade empresarial assenta numa teoria económica e social. Essa teoria encara a mudança como algo normal e até saudável. E crê que a principal tarefa da sociedade - e especialmente da economia - é fazer-se algo diferente e não fazer-se algo melhor do que aquilo que já foi feito ... o empresário perturba e desorganiza."

E fiquei a pensar como neste país de incumbentes ... pensando melhor o mal não é luso, está a generalizar-se, como neste mundo há cada vez mais empresários preocupados em manter o status quo, que querem no fundo ser funcionários públicos encapotados, por exemplo, aqui.

"porque o mundo está a mudar "

Interessante:

"No âmbito desta aposta nas exportações, a AORP acaba de lançar uma nova campanha de promoção internacional da joalharia portuguesa - intitulada "Portuguese Jewellery À La Carte" -- cujo objetivo é "criar um formato de promoção paralelo ao das feiras", mais "intimista", e através do qual "se consegue transmitir mais eficazmente a essência e o universo de valores que distinguem a joalharia portuguesa, como a manualidade".
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Segundo Fátima Santos, "a China revelou-se interessante porque, apesar daqueles chavões de produto massificado, de copiadores e de baixo preço e baixa qualidade, o setor está a fazer vendas para galerias e lojas de posicionamento muito elevado de Xangai e da China continental, que procuram um produto de excelência e encontram-no no mercado português".
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Os planos da associação passam depois por replicar este modelo em França, um dos principais mercados de exportação do setor, nos EUA (onde tem também em curso "uma investida interessante"), na Holanda e em Espanha.
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"Sentimos que há esta necessidade porque o mundo está a mudar e as feiras cada vez mais resultam menos. São momentos mais difíceis, que requerem investimentos muito grandes e têm uma lógica mais passiva, de esperar pelo contacto do comprador, e muitas vezes o sucesso de uma empresa é determinado por um comprador que conseguiu seduzir num ambiente mais intimista através de uma abordagem direta ao consumidor final", afirmou a responsável."

Trechos retirados de "Exportações portuguesas de ourivesaria e joalharia atingem os 100 ME em 2017"

A evolução do papel da loja física

O amigo Rui Moreira fez-me chegar este artigo "La jefa de venta ‘online’ de Mango: “En las tiendas han de pasar cosas, no pueden seguir igual otros 100 años”" de onde sublinho:

"P. Según un estudio, las mujeres prefieren la tienda física por probar la prenda y apreciar su calidad.
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R. No lo he leído, pero en Europa lo veo difícil, quizá en España... La tendencia dice lo contrario. La discusión hoy en día es cuánto, qué porcentaje de la venta de moda será online. Algunos apuestan por un 30%, otros por un 50%...
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P. Ahora mismo en España estamos en un 4-5%. Usted, ¿qué prevé?
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R. Dependerá de cómo asignemos la venta. La venta, ¿qué es? ¿La transacción? Si al final se paga todo con móvil, ¿toda la venta será online? Pero te aseguro que ese 5% no se va a quedar ahí. Yo calculo que España llegará en breve al 20-30%, y los más maduros, 50%.
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P. ¿Y la tienda?
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R. Va a seguir existiendo, claro que sí. Otra cosa es que la función de la tienda a lo mejor ha de ser diferente. Ahí estamos todos trabajando. En qué te puedo ofrecer para que salgas de la comodidad de tu casa y vengas a nuestras tiendas. Probablemente irá por el entorno de lo social, de lo sensorial... Han de suceder cosas. No podemos pretender que las tiendas vuelvan a estar 100 años más igual. Apple, por ejemplo, está haciendo cosas en ese sentido. En sus tiendas pasan cosas y no están relacionadas con la transacción pura y dura."

Difícil para muita gente abandonar a postura tradicional: eu é que sei o que é que os clientes querem.

Como não recordar a Papelaria Fernandes.

"highly focused on serving a particular kind of customer"

“The decline of brands could be devastating for mass-market national media, especially television. Big-store retailers, whether Walmart or Safeway or Best Buy, will see traffic dwindle as more purchases move online and to AI-driven subscription services. [Moi ici: Ler isto]
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In short, the consumer experience built on scale over the past century is about to get disassembled and unscaled. The advantages of big are waning. In this new era small, focused companies that put the consumer at the center will beat big, mass-market operations most of the time.
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The great opportunities in the consumer market will revolve around giving every individual exactly what he wants, when he wants it. It reflects the constant theme in unscaling: scaled-up, mass-market products have long made us conform to them, but unscaled products and services conform to us. They will seem like they are built just for each one of us—customization built with automation. Over the next decade we’ll see innovators transform one kind of product after another, moving them from mass markets to markets of one. [Moi ici: Recordar isto]
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UNBUNDLING THE GIANTS: Consumer product companies from P&G to Nestlé to Samsung were built on the mass market. A hit product was one that appealed to the greatest number of people—one size fits most. But mass-market products are a compromise for most consumers. They’re not exactly what we might want, but it’s good enough and easily available. And that leaves an opening for small, new companies that can use technology to create products that hold great appeal for narrow slices of the consumer market—consumers who will feel like that product was created especially for them.
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And these new companies will have the opportunity to rebundle groups of narrow-market products into the new P&Gs, as we’re seeing with Honest. These new companies might get big, but they will always be more of a collection of businesses highly focused on serving a particular kind of customer.”

Excerto de: Taneja, Hemant,Maney, Kevin. “Unscaled”

Mais outro exemplo: Provinciano, mas muito à frente

Há anos que escrevo sobre o futuro do trabalho, sobretudo acerca do fim do emprego estabelecido como paradigma pelo século XX, e que a maioria acredita ser algo milenar, algo eterno. Sobretudo, acerca da ascensão do artesão, do artesão apoiado na tecnologia e dedicado à criação de arte e a trabalhar em co-criação com os seus clientes.

Por isso, isto faz todo o sentido, "(Re)naissance de l’Homo Faber : le travailleur de demain sera un artiste ou un artisan rompu aux nouvelles technologies":

"Les sociétés européennes ont toujours tenu pour acquis que la transmission de compétences se ferait de génération en génération : le développement d’un talent d’artiste ou d’artisan se faisait par les enseignements des maîtres précédents. On pourrait penser que ce paradigme a disparu avec la société industrielle, mais ce serait faux : l’avenir du travail pourrait bien revenir aux fondamentaux même de l’histoire du travail, et ce grâce à nos nouvelles technologies. [Moi ici: Tenho escrito sobre isto vezes sem conta, o regresso ao trabalho pré-Revolução Industrial, cooperativas de artesãos]
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La fabrication numérique assistée par ordinateur fonctionne différemment. Elle ne requiert aucun moule et ne nécessite donc pas de répéter une même forme indéfiniment. Chaque pièce peut-être unique, telle une œuvre d’art. Là où les problématiques d’espace et de quantité dominaient le monde industriel, aujourd’hui, un petit atelier ou un studio peuvent concurrencer une grande usine. La production ne se résume plus à une question de volume.
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L’émergence d’une économie sans échelle, une économie à taille humaine.
Dans ce nouvel environnement, le plus grand défi pour un travailleur est de penser en artiste tout en exploitant les possibilités des nouvelles technologies. [Moi ici: Outro tema tipo deste blogue, a ascensão da arte]
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C’est la raison pour laquelle l’apprentissage doit évoluer : il ne s’agit plus de commencer par se former pour ensuite trouver un travail correspondant, mais bien de travailler d’abord, pour trouver par la suite les enseignements qui nous correspondent. [Moi ici: Tão bom!!! A ascensão da arte dita que tudo comece pelo fuçar, pela experimentação - "Não começamos a fazer arte assim que nos tornamos artistas. Ou seja, não é por sermos artistas que fazemos arte, é por fazermos arte que nos tornamos artistas."] Que les nouvelles technologies privent leurs utilisateurs de formations pratiques serait un désastre.
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Le futur du travail que dessinent ces nouvelles technologies, c’est celui de « l’Homo Faber » : un homme qui sera son propre créateur, qui se réalisera à travers les gestes  du quotidien. Le travail permet d’écrire une histoire dans laquelle chaque projet est un chapitre de vie qui s’additionne aux autres et de ce point de vue, chacun pourra constater que sa vie est plus qu’une série aléatoire de jobs déconnectés – y compris pour les petits boulots rémunérés à la tâche. [Moi ici: Como não recordar o recente "Aproveitei o meu percurso"] 

Para reflexão séria - é a vida!

Faz hoje 8 dias que os meus amigos da Olifel me convidaram para dizer umas palavras sobre a Indústria 4.0 no âmbito do lançamento do novo Visualgest

Nesse mesmo evento tive oportunidade de ouvir o presidente da câmara de Felgueiras dizer, sem papas na língua, que o calçado atravessa um momento difícil, um momento de mudança.

Entretanto, os remendos feitos no tempo da troika continuam a ser desmantelados. Por exemplo "Alexandra Leitão: Mexer na idade da reforma dos professores "é um caminho possível"".

Entretanto, as empresas grandes continuam a fazer o seu trabalho de liquidar as pequenas e médias e de desertificar o interior, "Governo abre a porta a salário mínimo acima dos 600 euros".

Sabem como defendo aqui no blogue, há mais de 10 anos, que Portugal não pode competir com a China nos custos e teria de apostar nas vantagens da proximidade e rapidez (postal de 2007). Por exemplo, neste postal de 2015 apresento esta tabela para o sector do têxtil e vestuário:

Mas o mundo económico é uma continuação da biologia, um eterno subir e descer do espaço competitivo enrugado que obriga as empresas a estarem atentos às outras empresas concorrentes, aos clientes e ao habitat.

Há dias escrevi este "Desabafo", hoje olhei para estes números:

Olhem para o mapa:

Proximidade e rapidez... quanto tempo para a Roménia e Hungria ditarem cartas?

Ontem estive numa empresa que já está a competir no nível seguinte do jogo: de igual para igual com os italianos. No entanto, isso não é campeonato para empresas com muitos trabalhadores, nem é para produção em massa.

A vida não é nem justa nem injusta, nem moral nem imoral. A vida é ajusta e amoral.

Não pense que isto só acontece aos outros

A propósito de "The Risks and Costs of Cyber-Attacks" nos últimos 12 meses entre as empresas com que trabalho/trabalhei:

• uma multinacional muuuuito grande;
• uma PME com 20 trabalhadores;
• uma micro empresa com 7 trabalhadores;
• uma PME com 60 trabalhadores (em 2016)

Sofreram ataques informáticos violentos.

Não pense que isto só acontece aos outros. O que pode fazer para se proteger?

"The market is poised to take off"

"Mass customization.
This model takes product variation to the extreme. It entails creating one-off products that are precisely adjusted to the needs or whims of individual buyers—adjustments that can be carried out by simply uploading each customer’s digital file into a 3-D printer. Thanks to the efficiency and precision of digital technology, these products cost less than conventionally manufactured items but fit individuals’ specifications more exactly.
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Mass customization is suitable for any large market in which customers are dissatisfied with standardized, conventionally produced offerings and it’s easy to collect customer information. ...
This model can rapidly and significantly affect an entire industry. With hearing aids the shift happened in a year and a half, forcing some manufacturers into bankruptcy.
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The main competitive challenge is to reduce the cost of acquiring individual customers’ information. Hearing-aid companies first needed a scanning device that audiologists could easily use. In this case, customers were willing to go to an audiologist to be measured. In contrast, buyers of custom orthotics and insoles didn’t want to visit an expensive podiatrist to be measured. That’s why SOLS Systems, which innovated in this area, couldn’t make it on its own; it was acquired in 2017 by another footwear company, Aetrex Worldwide. But the development of smartphone apps that allow people to measure their own feet is overcoming the information-collection obstacle. And HP Inc. has devised a 3-D scanning solution, FitStation, that can be placed in stores. The market is poised to take off."

Trecho retirado de "The 3-D Printing Playbook"

"people organize their brains with conversation"

Com quem conversa sobre a estratégia da sua empresa?

"The fact is important enough to bear repeating: people organize their brains with conversation. If they don’t have anyone to tell their story to, they lose their minds. Like hoarders, they cannot unclutter themselves. The input of the community is required for the integrity of the individual psyche. To put it another way: It takes a village to organize a mind. Much of what we consider healthy mental function is the result of our ability to use the reactions of others to keep our complex selves functional. We outsource the problem of our sanity."

Ler isto e recordar de imediato Popper e Espinosa:

"Popper tinha razão ao criticar Espinosa, de que vale a liberdade de pensamento se não há com quem conversar, discutir e aprender"

Peterson, Jordan B.. 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos

Anónimo da província, mas à frente

Volta e meia ouvimos representantes da produção - as marcas - queixarem-se do poder da distribuição grande. Aqui no blogue basta pesquisar: Centromarca (por exemplo este postal de 2009 e este outro de 2015)

Sempre aconselhei as marcas a concentrarem-se em seduzir os que mandam nos donos das prateleiras, os consumidores, através de produtos e experiências inovadoras (por exemplo este postal de 2012 e este outro de 2016)

Agora, via "Big box retailers aren’t always able to squeeze small suppliers" chego a um artigo interessante, "Are Supermarkets Squeezing Small Suppliers? Evidence from Negotiated Wholesale Prices" de Carlos Noton e Andrés Elberg, publicado por The Economic Journal. Interessa-me sobretudo o tema de como é que os pequenos produtores pode lidar com a distribuição muito concentrada:

"Combining data on prices at the retail and wholesale levels, quantities and estimated coffee production costs, we find that while the largest supplier, Nestlé, is able to secure a large fraction of the pie (around 65 per cent) the median fraction of the surplus obtained by other smaller suppliers is a sizeable 41 per cent. This indicates that it is not necessarily the case that small suppliers bargaining with large supermarket chains are doomed to earn negligible profits. Some are able to secure relatively large fractions of the surplus at stake in negotiations with retailers in spite of their small market sizes.
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What explains the ability of small suppliers to earn such a large share of the channel surplus?
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the researchers estimate a demand system and use these demand estimates to compute a measure of the profits that the supermarket would obtain if a given supplier’s products were taken off its shelves. The less substitutable (more differentiated) the product is, the lower the profits a supermarket would obtain in the event of a disagreement in their negotiations with the supplier. In this case, the supplier is in a better bargaining position.
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The study finds that the relatively large share of the surplus earned by small coffee manufacturers can be rationalised by retailers’ low ‘outside options’ (disagreement profits are about 27 per cent of agreement profits). The results suggest that the most likely explanation for small manufacturers’ ability to capture value is that they provide differentiated products to a small but highly loyal group of customers."

Do artigo sublinhamos:

"Our finding that small manufacturers are able to capture a sizable share of the channel surplus runs contrary to the conventional wisdom that market size is a primary driver of bargaining outcomes. Along these lines, Nestlé’s large payoffs may not be solely driven by its market size. The strong brand loyalty of Nestlé’s customers, as supported by our demand estimations, are an important source of bargaining leverage. Thus, our evidence suggests that the most likely explanation to small manufacturers capturing value is that they provide differentiated products to small groups of loyal consumers. This finding has profound implications for the public debate on the profit-sharing between big-box retailers and small manufacturers, stressing the role played by brand loyalty as a counteracting force to market size. Recall that market size is endogenous in our model and that the exogenous sources of bargaining leverage are the size of the outside options of players and their relative firm specific characteristics such as bargaining skills, patience rate, risk aversion, etc.
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Our results support the hypothesis that brand loyalty plays a key role in profit-sharing between retailers and manufacturers"

"Giants invariably descend into suckiness" (parte XV)

Parte I, parte II, parte III, parte IV, parte V, parte VI, parte VII, parte VIII, parte IX, parte X, parte XI, parte XII, parte XIII e parte XIV.

“By the end of the twentieth century P&G had scaled up to a behemoth, offering more than three hundred brands and raking in yearly revenue of $37 billion. P&G was one of the world’s corporate superpowers.
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In 2016 analyst firm CB Insights published a graphic showing all the ways unscaled companies were attacking P&G. [Moi ici: Por que não gostamos de ser tratados como plancton] It looks like a swarm of bees taking down a bear. In that rendering P&G no longer appears to be a monolithic scaled-up company that has built up powerful defenses against upstarts; instead, it is depicted as a series of individual products, each vulnerable to small, unscaled, agile, AI-driven, product-focused, entrepreneurial companies.
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CBI called the overall phenomenon the “unbundling of P&G.” It is as clear an indication as any of what big corporations face in an era that favors economies of unscale over economies of scale. Small unscaled companies can challenge every piece of a big company, often with products or services more perfectly targeted to a certain kind of buyer—products that can win against mass-appeal offerings. If unscaled competitors can lure away enough customers, economies of scale will work against the incumbents as fewer units move through expensive, large-scale factories and distribution systems—a cost burden not borne by unscaled companies.
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Over the past hundred years, as the era of scale unfolded, small companies of course continued to exist, and many prospered even as they stayed small. Small business was the US economy’s underlying strength throughout the scaling age. In 2010, according to the US Census, the nation had about 30 million small businesses and only 18,500 companies that employed more than five hundred people.
However, in an era when economies of scale usually prevailed, when a scaled-up company competed directly against a small business, the small business usually lost. Just think of all the small-town Main Street retailers Walmart bulldozed over the past twenty-five years.
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We will see the big-beats-small dynamic reverse as we unscale. Over the next ten to twenty years companies that relied on scale as a competitive advantage will increasingly find themselves defanged. They will be at a disadvantage against focused unscaled businesses. Large corporations won’t disappear, just as small business didn’t disappear in the last era. But the big companies that don’t change their model will see their businesses erode, and some of today’s giants will fall. [Moi ici: Nada podem fazer contra a suckiness, têm de a abandonar]”

Excerto de: Taneja, Hemant, Maney, Kevin. “Unscaled”.

Trabalho 4.0

Assim como o governo alemão lançou o tema da Indústria 4.0, também lançou recentemente um documento para discutir o Trabalho 4.0 sobre como será o trabalho do futuro.

Penso que é um documento demasiado preso ao paradigma do emprego criado pelo século XX, deixando por isso para segundo ou terceiro plano a "gig economy", mas não deixa de ser interessante:

"Whilst decent work and income remain fundamentally important, a new balance will permanently have to be struck between security and flexibility. Social security and the integration of all citizens into occupation will continue to be a key goal. However, increasingly pluralistic life and work styles call for a stronger element of self-determination and flexibility in, for example, where and when people decide to work.
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The predominant assumption is that the witnessed transformations will not lead to mass job losses but a massive change in occupations and job profiles. This makes skills development and life-long learning even more important than it already is.
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[Moi ici: Desconfio que muitos partidários do status quo, em ambos os lados do balcão, não vão gostar disto] Why should social security systems only kick-in when people approach the end of their working lives or risk losing their jobs? The whitepaper instead turns to an idea of preventative social policy and suggests gradually expanding the currently existing unemployment insurance into an employment insurance, with an individual right to independent vocational guidance and continuing education and training. This should also transform the agency managing unemployment into a more pro-active qualification agency.
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Issues that will most likely become even more relevant in coming years are around working time and flexibility. Whereas a lot of employees still prefer fixed working hours and don’t want to check their emails on their weekends, more and more people value the flexibility modern forms of communication can provide and would rather leave the office early to spend time with their children and catch up on emails later in the evening.
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Suggestions also include the establishment of long-term personal accounts that each individual sets up at the start of their working life, equipped with a basic “capital” and then earning credits through employment or individual contributions. These credits could then be used for education, skill enhancement or career breaks."

Trechos retirados de "Work 4.0: How Germany is shaping the future of work"

"True thinking is rare"

"The people I listen to need to talk, because that’s how people think. People need to think. Otherwise they wander blindly into pits. When people think, they simulate the world, and plan how to act in it. If they do a good job of simulating, they can figure out what stupid things they shouldn’t do. Then they can not do them. Then they don’t have to suffer the consequences. That’s the purpose of thinking. But we can’t do it alone. We simulate the world, and plan our actions in it. Only human beings do this. That’s how brilliant we are. We make little avatars of ourselves. We place those avatars in fictional worlds. Then we watch what happens. If our avatar thrives, then we act like he does, in the real world. Then we thrive (we hope). If our avatar fails, we don’t go there, if we have any sense. We let him die in the fictional world, so that we don’t have to really die in the present.
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People think they think, but it’s not true. It’s mostly self-criticism that passes for thinking. True thinking is rare— just like true listening.
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Thinking is listening to yourself. It’s difficult. To think, you have to be at least two people at the same time. Then you have to let those people disagree. Thinking is an internal dialogue between two or more different views of the world. Viewpoint One is an avatar in a simulated world. It has its own representations of past, present and future, and its own ideas about how to act. So do Viewpoints Two, and Three, and Four. Thinking is the process by which these internal avatars imagine and articulate their worlds to one another."

E pensar para além do dia a dia? E pensar para além do que se está a fazer sobre o que se deverá estar a fazer depois de amanhã? E pensar para além do apagar o fogo que irrompeu esta noite? E pensar sobre se o que se está a fazer é o que deve ser feito mesmo?

Peterson, Jordan B.. 12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos

Em vez de copiar, o truque é diferenciar

"For all the panic in the retail sector about Amazon replacing traditional sales, I don’t see the person-to-person experience going away anytime soon. With a few exceptions, people like leaving the house. They like the experience of shopping, discovery, and interacting with each other."

Quando um modelo de negócio está em ascensão, recebe a luz e a atenção dos holofotes. Por isso, toda a gente está condenada a ser bombardeada pelos media com a sua mensagem de que "a nova única via para o sucesso é esta". Os incautos caem na armadilha e tentam combater no terreno onde o concorrente é mais forte, tentam copiá-lo e tramam-se, inevitavelmente.

Nunca esquecer a frase:

"When something is commoditized, an adjacent market becomes valuable"

Em vez de copiar o truque é diferenciar. Ok, talvez tenha de começar por encolher a organização (grande exemplo da Apple de 1997), mas depois há que procurar fugir o mais possível do espaço competitivo em que o outro modelo de negócio está a ter sucesso.

Trecho retirado de "Retailers can’t out-Amazon Amazon, but they can change the rules"

"Truth makes the past truly past"

"Things fall apart. What worked yesterday will not necessarily work today. We have inherited the great machinery of state and culture from our forefathers, but they are dead, and cannot deal with the changes of the day. The living can. We can open our eyes and modify what we have where necessary and keep the machinery running smoothly. Or we can pretend that everything is alright, fail to make the necessary repairs, and then curse fate when nothing goes our way. Things fall apart: this is one of the great discoveries of humanity. And we speed the natural deterioration of great things through blindness, inaction and deceit. Without attention, culture degenerates and dies, and evil prevails.
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To tell the truth is to bring the most habitable reality into Being. Truth builds edifices that can stand a thousand years. Truth feeds and clothes the poor, and makes nations wealthy and safe. Truth reduces the terrible complexity of a man to the simplicity of his word, so that he can become a partner, rather than an enemy. Truth makes the past truly past, and makes the best use of the future’s possibilities. [Moi ici: Como não recordar Joaquim Aguiar, enquanto a verdade for escondida estamos condenados a repetir os erros do passado... o FMI já veio 3 vezes] Truth is the ultimate, inexhaustible natural resource. It’s the light in the darkness. See the truth. Tell the truth.
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If your life is not what it could be, try telling the truth. If you cling desperately to an ideology, or wallow in nihilism, try telling the truth. If you feel weak and rejected, and desperate, and confused, try telling the truth. In Paradise, everyone speaks the truth. That is what makes it Paradise."

Peterson, Jordan B.. "12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos"

Autenticidade

"The relentless rise of globalisation has seen our world, on and offline, become homogenised. Many local touchpoints from within our communities are disappearing. The local pub, the library, the sports club, the playing fields, these focal points and hubs for community involvement and interaction are being lost. 27 pubs close in the UK every single week.
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For every trend, there is a counter-trend and so with globalisation swings back localisation. The reaction to globalisation has been for people to become more protective of their communities and the signifiers of ‘local’. As 'local' becomes increasingly scarce, demand for 'local' increases. A more global, connected and homogenised experience of the world means people long to discover the original and unique again. A strong sense of place gives identity and meaning to people, and offers a sense of belonging.
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Inevitably, brands are changing their own habits and behaviours to reflect this desire. Today, many brands display a marked emphasis on provenance. Some leverage the cachet of being 'local', but many also challenge existing business models, and can become valued pillars of the community they serve."

Trecho retirado de "How brands use 'local' as a source of competitive advantage"