"“Modern finance is complex, perhaps too complex. Regulation of modern finance is complex, almost certainly too complex. That configuration spells trouble. As you do not fight fire with fire, you do not fight complexity with complexity. Because complexity generates uncertainty, not risk, it requires a regulatory response grounded in simplicity, not complexity”Trechos retirados de "Risk, uncertainty, and heuristics" de Shabnam Mousavi e Gerd Gigerenzer, publicado por Journal of Business Research 67 (2014) 1671–1678
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Heuristic strategies are simple rules of thumb that solve complex uncertain situations precisely because of their simplicity, not despite it. More calculation, time, and information are not always better. Less can be more.
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A good heuristic can be better than a complex strategy when used in the proper environment. Less can be more. The recognition heuristic is ecologically rational when a correlation exists between recognizing an option and the criteria for judgment.
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One main point in the business world is that entrepreneurs can generate profit in the markets, à la Knight, precisely because they intelligently deal with immeasurable, irreducible uncertainty.
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In most business situations knowledge is much less than perfect and uncertainty prevails over risk. Heuristic strategies that are successfully used in business decision-making exploit the structure of information in the environment, rely on simplicity to overcome the complexity of situation, and are indispensable when faced with irreducible uncertainty. One central observation is that less can be more. That is, less information, calculation or time, can be beneficial under particular circumstances to achieving a given task."
"After controlling for wealth, income, skills, and other demographics to level the playing field, the data clearly showed that optimists were significantly more likely to experience better financial health than pessimists, and engage in healthier habits with their money. For instance, we found that 90% of optimists have put money aside for a major purchase, compared to 70% of pessimists. Nearly two thirds of optimists have started an emergency fund, while less than half of pessimists have. Additionally, optimists are more likely to seek out and follow advice from someone they trust. In my opinion, the most compelling finding was how optimists felt, reporting that they stressed about finances 145 fewer days each year as compared to pessimists.
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Optimism is a lucrative investment beyond one’s finances. Optimists do better over the course of their careers as well. They make more money and are more likely to be promoted."
"While technical debt is an understood problem, it turns out startups also accrue another kind of debt – one that can kill the company even quicker – organizational debt. Organizational debt is all the people/culture compromises made to “just get it done” in the early stages of a startup.
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Just when things should be going great, organizational debt can turn a growing company into a chaotic nightmare.
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Growing companies need to understand how to recognize and “refactor” organizational debt."
"As queixas por atrasos no pagamento dos reembolsos da ADSE têm vindo a multiplicar-se desde o início do ano. Na maioria dos casos, os atrasos variam entre os três e os seis meses, avança o Correio da Manhã, este domingo. O instituto que gere o subsistema de saúde dos funcionários públicos reconhece os atrasos e justifica-os com a falta de pessoal.Recordo sempre os primeiros dias em que entrei ao serviço de uma empresa onde estive quatro anos. Quando comecei a empresa teria 240 trabalhadores e produzia 70 mil toneladas. Quando saí, a empresa teria 120 trabalhadores e produzia 105 mil toneladas. Durante esse período, sobretudo na área do pessoal indirecto, a empresa fez uso da tecnologia existente (1989 - 1993) e optimizou processos, reduzindo a necessidade de pessoas. Acabou com a figura dos contínuos que faziam circular o correio internamente, acabou com o funcionário administrativo que atendia os pedidos de dinheiro. No entretanto, na altura instalou o AS400 para ligar a Qualidade, a Comercial, as Compras e a Financeira, por exemplo. E toda uma série de tarefas passaram a ser feitas automaticamente.
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O representante dos beneficiários no Conselho Diretivo da ADSE reconhece alguns atrasos e diz que o tempo de espera é “em média, entre dois meses e dois meses e meio”. Eugénio Rosa justifica a situação com falta de pessoal e salienta: “Não há falta de dinheiro, mas de pessoal. Temos 184 pessoas no quadro. Devíamos ter 265”."
"Among the successful strategies these big brands used, which you can try when faced with a bigger competitor:Trecho retirado de "Amazon Was a Real Danger to Kohl's, Costco and Best Buy. Here's How They Survived and Thrived"
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Turning your weakness into strength, for example how Best Buy put the focus on in-person experience over online convenience.
Partnering with your bigger competitor (Kohl's reaction).
Focusing on people as much as products, like at Costco.
Attacking their strengths (as Walmart has tried, by basically declaring itself a tech company).
These aren't easy solutions of course. And they're not all applicable to all competitors.
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But if your business is suddenly up against Amazon, you do likely have advantages: nimbleness, customer relationships, and the intense knowledge of your products and customers that comes specifically from not trying to be "the everything store.""
"In the face of such intimidating competition [Moi ici: A Amazon e a Google], I was curious how companies like August, SimpliSafe, Wyze, and Netatmo planned to survive with their own connected cameras and security systems. Here’s how they plan to outsmart the tech giants:
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For SimpliSafe CEO Chad Laurans, taking on the behemoths is a matter of focus.
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“What we do is we wake up every day thinking about security, and how we change those outcomes, and how we create a better value proposition in security,” Laurans says. “I strongly suspect those folks don’t wake up every day thinking about that. They wake up thinking about how they monetize data.”
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The notion of a small, focused company taking on larger, lumbering competitors can seem cliché, but Laurans points to examples of where SimpliSafe’s singular mission is advantageous.
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Do what tech giants (probably) won’t.
On its own, August Home might’ve struggled to take on tech giants while expanding from smart locks to doorbell cameras. But in late 2017, the company was acquired by a giant in its own field, Swedish lock conglomerate Assa Abloy. Together, they plan to focus on access control, with their smart locks and security cameras working together in one integrated solution.
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“We’re not aiming to be a broad smart home play, with light controls, and thermostats, and making the entire home smart,” says Martin Huddart, the head of Assa Abloy’s smart home division. “We’re a security company first and foremost.”"
"Experience has emerged as the new basis for exchange. Schmitt (1999, p. 53) opined that “companies have moved away from traditional “features-and-benefits” marketing towards creating experiences for their customers”.Trechos retirados de "Customer experience – a review and research agenda", Journal of Service Theory and Practice, Vol. 27 Issue: 3, pp.642-662, de Rajnish Jain, Jayesh Aagja, Shilpa Bagdare, (2017)
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This approach is based on the foundation that a consumer lives by consuming experiences offered by products, services, events or a series of multisensory interactions between customers and organizations at every touchpoint in pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase situations.
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There is a shift from “commoditization” to “personalization” – personalized co-created consumption experiences. The customer value is derived during the entire consumption process as “internal and subjective responses” through co-creation experiences. The organizations act as resource integrators to facilitate experience creation by providing experience environment.
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Interaction is central to experience creation. ... consumer responses (approach or avoidance) are determined by interaction between stimulus (organizational or environmental) and organism (consumers – emotional state of pleasure, arousal and dominance). Holbrook and Hirschman brought experiential perspective and described consumption experience as “a phenomenon directed towards the pursuit of fantasies, feelings, and fun”. They further commented that “the consumer behaviour is the fascinating and endlessly complex result of a multifaceted interaction between organism and environment”. Addressing the dimensions of customer value, Holbrook explained that “Value is an interactive relativistic preference experience”. ... “All experiences are ‘consumption experiences’ and that these consumption experiences constitute most of what we do during our waking and even our non-waking lives”
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“The traditional system is become obsolete [...] In the emergent economy, competition will centre on personalized co-creation experiences resulting in value that is truly unique to each individual”. They emphasized on customer value derived from purposeful and meaningful personalized interaction between customer and organization. ... “The customer is always a co-creator of value. Value creation is interactional” and “Value is always uniquely and phenomenologically determined by the beneficiary. Value is idiosyncratic, experiential, contextual and meaning laden”. ... “Commercial experiences need to be considered as a product offering to avoid commoditization and price competition”.
“Of course, strategy is usually about market domination, not erudition. It’s about where to play and how to win. But in an Evolutionary Organization it can be hard to tell the difference between doing something because it’s strategic and doing something because it’s the right thing to do.Trechos retirados de “Brave New Work” de Aaron Dignan
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When purpose is paramount, anything that serves the purpose is strategic, even if it’s not overtly commercial.
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Regardless of your values, strategy is about identifying that which is critical—the factors that will make the difference—and determining how to leverage what is at your disposal to maximize your chances of success.
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The problem with priorities is that we have too many. The word “priority” didn’t even have a plural form until the 1900s; before that it meant “the very first thing.” Unfortunately, when you prioritize everything, you prioritize nothing. Just because you want absolute low cost and absolute quality doesn’t mean you can have both in equal measure. When push comes to shove, something’s gotta give. The “Agile Manifesto” used “over” statements such as “responding to change over following a plan” to make trade-offs explicit in service of better software.
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Your purpose is clear. Your essential intent is well defined and regularly tuned. Using these beacons, people are “voting with their feet” and energizing the projects that matter most. Your even over statements are shaping a thousand smaller decisions. It’s fair to ask, Do we even need a plan? Yes, but not a plan that says what must happen, a plan that says what might happen. Scenario planning has the potential to open us up to possibilities that we might otherwise not consider."
"Todo o mundo é feito de mudança, mas o que espanta é que não continue a mudar como mudava. Ter uma ideia em política só vale se tiver a capacidade para distinguir o possível do impossível perante a mudança das circunstâncias.Trecho retirado de "Interior e exterior"
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Há quem esteja na política porque tem interesses a defender, servindo-se das ideias para ocultar as suas intenções efectivas. Esses não reconhecem as mudanças nem estão dispostos a aceitá-las quando a realidade efectiva das coisas as tornam evidentes. Se perdem o contrato que celebraram com os seus protectores, não sabem se voltarão a encontrar quem os sustente. Reforçam a expressão das suas convicções até as tornarem dogmas, dividem em vez de mobilizarem, iludem em lugar de orientarem. Refugiam-se no distributivismo do interior para evitarem a competição com o exterior, promovem os monopólios do Estado para não se sujeitarem à comparação da eficiência e eficácia em mercado competitivo."
Great example of the power of expectations to shape perception: The visual system is so determined to see faces as convex, rather than concave, that it’s virtually impossible not to see the illusion – even when you know what’s going on. pic.twitter.com/ElguK5ErqI— Steve Stewart-Williams (@SteveStuWill) April 20, 2019
"In real life, belief is an instrument to do things, not the end product. This is similar to vision: the purpose of your eyes is to orient you in the best possible way, and get you out of trouble when needed, or help you find a prey at distance. Your eyes are not sensors aimed at getting the electromagnetic spectrum of reality. Their job description is not to produce the most accurate scientific representation of reality; rather the most useful one for survival.
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In that sense harboring superstitions is not irrational by any metric: nobody has managed to reinvent a metric for rationality based on process. Actions that harm you are observable.
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Survival comes first, truth, understanding, and science later [Moi ici: Tão poderoso!!!]...
In other words, you do not need science to survive (we’ve done it for several hundred million years) , but you need to survive to do science. As your grandmother would have said, better safe than sorry.
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bounded rationality: we cannot possibly measure and assess everything as if we were a computer; we therefore produce, under evolutionary pressures, some shortcuts and distortions. Our knowledge of the world is fundamentally incomplete, so we need to avoid getting in unanticipated trouble.
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Judging people on their beliefs is not scientific
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There is no such thing as “rationality” of a belief, there is rationality of action.
The rationality of an action can only be judged by evolutionary considerations...
The axiom of revelation of preferences states the following: you will not have an idea about what people really think, what predicts people’s actions, merely by asking them – they themselves don’t know. What matters, in the end, is what they pay for goods, not what they say they “think” about them, or what are the reasons they give you or themselves for that. (Think about it: revelation of preferences is skin in the game). Even psychologists get it; in their experiments, their procedures require that actual dollars be spent for the test to be “scientific”. The subjects are given a monetary amount, and they watch how he or she formulates choices by spending them. However, a large share of psychologists fughedabout the point when they start bloviating about rationality. They revert to judging beliefs rather than action.
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Actually, by a mechanism (more technically called the bias-variance tradeoff), you often get better results making some type of “errors”, as when you aim slightly away from the target when shooting. I have shown in Antifragile that making some types of errors is the most rational thing to do, as, when the errors are of little costs, it leads to gains and discoveries.
This is why I have been against the State dictating to us what we “should” be doing: only evolution knows if the “wrong” thing is really wrong, provided there is skin in the game for that."...
Rationality is not what has conscious verbalistic explanatory factors; it is only what aids survival, avoids ruin.
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Rationality is risk management, period."
"É uma forma de arte. [Moi ici: Arte e Mongo, uma conjugação que faço aqui há muitos anos] Transformar motos de série em peças únicas, que se distinguem pela sua singularidade e apostas arrojadas, num visual alternativo, é uma paixão que ganha adeptos em Portugal. Este sábado, algumas dezenas de entusiastas da customização dos veículos de duas rodas juntaram-se em Espinho.
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O mote para o encontro foi o 1º Motorcycle Design Contest, promovido pela "Backdoor Shop", onde diversas motos se perfilaram num desfile de originalidade."
"Anticiparse, anticiparse, anticiparseO significado daquele "Anticiparse, anticiparse, anticiparse" revelou-se em toda a sua dimensão quando cheguei a esta página:
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La tecnología no deja de plantear desafíos en los que la clave es anticiparse.
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¿He dicho anticiparse? Sí, tres veces, como si invocase un hechizo mágico. Anticiparse a los cambios sociales, culturales, económicos o de cualquier otro tipo es la forma en la que las empresas, en todos los sectores, logran sentar las bases de su competitividad futura, la manera en que logran perdurar en el tiempo.
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las empresas de moda deben anticiparse a las nuevas formas de consumir que está trayendo consigo el desarrollo de Internet.
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En los últimos tres años el peso del canal online se ha duplicado, como consecuencia de que el número de consumidores que compran alguna prenda por Internet cada año es hoy más del doble que en 2013."
"España se encuentra claramente por detrás de otros países del entorno europeo en términos de cuota de mercado del comercio electrónico en el sector de la moda. Aspectos climáticos, culturales y empresariales influyen en esta realidad, en la que también resulta clave la menor tradición de venta por catálogo respecto a otros países. Entre los cinco mayores mercados europeos para la industria de la moda la delantera corresponde claramente a Alemania, un país que, antes de la popularización de Internet, ya contaba con una importante tradición en las ventas de moda a distancia.Sendo os dados de 2016 procurei logo na internet se havia alguma versão mais recente:
En Reino Unido y Alemania, donde las ventas online tienen un peso mayor, la cuota ha seguido creciendo a ritmos de doble dígito en los últimos años, especial- mente en Reino Unido, donde la cuota de Internet en las ventas de moda ha subido 5,3 puntos porcentuales de 2013 a 2016, hasta el 23,9%"
"“Não se identificaram causas que justifiquem o aumento. [Moi ici: Em 2018] Não há uma relação causal,Procurar explicações para a variabilidade estatística normal é a base para a esquizofrenia analítica tola.
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O recorde absoluto foi batido em 2010, com uma taxa de 2,5. Também aqui não foi possível apurar explicações. “Estudámos tudo, como estudamos sempre, e não encontrámos uma causa”, admite a médica."
"Outra das conclusões é a falta de informação e o excesso de mortes inconclusivas. O estudo revelou registos omissos, com regiões do país onde nem sequer se sabe qual foi o tipo de acompanhamento que a mulher teve durante a gravidez. Na verdade, ironiza a diretora-geral da Saúde, “a única causa que aumentou nos certificados de óbito foi a ‘causa desconhecida’, que não devia constar” e que leva as autoridades de saúde a pensar em “tornar obrigatórios alguns campos para que outros não fiquem por preencher”."Interpreto-o como um sintoma de falta de profissionalismo, de venezuelização, de falta de liderança:
