Exportações - sobre o primeiro semestre de 2023

Como referi em Inversão de ciclo até que ponto a metalomecânica está a ser, vai ser, o equivalente ao têxtil nos anos 70?

Os animais vivos e aas preprações hortícolas continuam a sua estória de sucesso.

Um lado que estas análises não revelam encontra-se neste artigo "Franceses e alemães ajudam a aliviar perdas das exportações têxteis em julho":

"Em termos de grandes categorias de produtos, as exportações de matérias têxteis caíram 7% em volume e 1% em quantidade, valor enquanto nos têxteis-lar e outros artigos têxteis confecionados baixaram 9% em volume e 17% em valor. [Moi ici: Em tempos de crise o têxtil sofre logo] Já o vestuário, embora tenha vendido menos peças lá fora (-8%), conseguiu vendê-las mais caras (+9% em valor)."[Moi ici: Apesar de tudo, um bom sinal]

Um acompanhamento pessoal, o vinho. Daqui "Exportações de vinhos portugueses sobem quase 4% para 447,6 milhões até junho":

""Nos primeiros seis meses do ano, as exportações totais de vinho atingiram os 447,6 milhões de euros, 158,3 milhões de litros, a um preço médio de 2,83 euros por litro",[Moi ici: Come on, que preço mixiruca é este?] indicou, em comunicado, a ViniPortugal. Em comparação com o mesmo período de 2022, verificou-se um crescimento de 3,4 milhões de litros nas exportações em volume, 16,8 milhões de euros em valor e 0,05 euros no preço médio."

Prepare-se, não seja apanhado desprevenido

Na capa do WSJ de ontem, "The World's Factory Floor Struggles to Attract Workers":

"The workplace features floor-to-ceiling windows and a cafe serving matcha tea, as well as free voga and dance classes. Everv month, workers gather at team-building sessions to drink beer, drive go-karts and go bowling.

This isn't Google. It's a garment factory in Vietnam.

Asia, the world's factory floor and the source of much of the stuff Americans buy, is running into a big problem: Its young people, by and large, don't want to work in factories.[Moi ici: A minha primeira reacção é pensar que isto é um sinal positivo, um sinal do mecanismo dos Flying Geese a funcionar]

That's why the garment factory is trying to make its manufacturing floor more enticing, and why alarm bells are ringing at Western companies that rely on the region's inexpensive labor to churn out affordable consumer goods.

The twilight of ultra cheap Asian factory labor is emerging as the latest test of the globalized manufacturing model, which over the past three decades has delivered a vast array of inexpensively produced goods to consumers around the world.

...

"There's nowhere left on the planet that's going to be able to give you what you want," said Paul Norriss, the

British co-founder of the Vietnam garment factory, UnAvailable, based in Ho Chi Minh City. "People are going to have to change their consumer habits, and so are brands.""

Um extenso artigo e com vários pontos de vista:

• banhista gordo,
• flying geese,
• demografia,
• implicações no futuro do mercado e das marcas,
• tentativa das empresas melhorarem a experiência no local de trabalho,
• para quem não tem filhos, ou vive em casa dos pais, o dinheiro não é tudo.

BTW, "Mexico Steps Up As Largest US Trading Partner"   e  "Chipmakers have plans for new US factories. But not enough workers to run them.":

"Chipmakers are rebuilding the US semicondutor industry with $231 billion in new investments spurred by the enactment of the landmark CHIPS and Science Act a year ago.

But even as Biden officials celebrate the anniversary of that legislation this week, there are mounting concerns about whether enough skilled workers will be there to run these factories once they are online.

Labor shortages have already affected the construction of one major project in Phoenix. Meanwhile, a possible national shortfall could also complicate efforts in the year ahead by

Intel (INTC) in central Ohio, Micron (MU) in upstate New York, as well as other new projects from Texas to Utah.

The issue could prove a headwind for America's efforts to reverse a decades-long decline in semicondutor manufacturing and also complicate a key tenet of Biden's case for reelection."

Não seja apanhado desprevenido

Exportações em queda.

"Insolvências em Portugal sobem pelo terceiro mês seguido, com aumento de 23% em julho".

"Há seis anos que Portugal está a afundar no ranking da produtividade europeia".

O dinheiro dos frugais para nos sustentar vai rarear.

Não seja apanhado desprevenido.

"Getting control of life is never easy"

"Contrary to what we usually believe, moments like these, the best moments in our lives, are not the passive, receptive, relaxing times-although such experiences can also be enjoyable, if we have worked hard to attain them. The best moments usually occur when a person's body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile. Optimal experience is thus something that we make happen. For a child, it could be placing with trembling fingers the last block on a tower she has built, higher than any she has built so far; for a swimmer, it could be trying to beat his own record; for a violinist, mastering an intricate musical passage. For each person there are thousands of opportunities, challenges to expand ourselves.

Such experiences are not necessarily pleasant at the time they occur. The swimmer's muscles might have ached during his most memorable race, his lungs might have felt like exploding, and he might have been dizzy with fatigue-yet these could have been the best moments of his life. Getting control of life is never easy, and sometimes it can be definitely painful. But in the long run optimal experiences add up to a sense of mastery or perhaps better, a sense of participation in determining the content of life - that comes as close to what is usually meant by happiness as anything else we can conceivably imagine."

Trecho retirado de "Flow - The Psychology of Optimal Experience" de Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.  

"And the nicest thing about not planning is ..."

Ontem, via Twitter, cheguei a este artigo, "Lanxess-Chef warnt: Die DeIndustrialisierung beginnt". Entretanto, para contextualizar o artigo, este gráfico é eloquente. Ilustra a evolução do preço da energia na Alemanha desde que foi tomada a decisão de fechar as centrais nucleares.

Mais um grupo de especialidades químicas alemão, Lanxess, anuncia o encerramento de duas fábricas por falta de capacidade competitiva dado o elevado preço da energia, mas não só. Outras empresas químicas também estão actualmente a cortar custos. A empresa química Evonik, está a cortar novas contratações até o final do ano, reduziu fortemente os orçamentos de viagens e cortou custos de consultoria - com o objetivo de economizar 250 milhões de euros neste ano. O grupo de plásticos Covestro também está a apertar o cinto em todas as áreas de custos. Em Fevereiro passado foi a BASF.

A minha pergunta foi:

qual a estratégia de Portugal para o Inverno europeu?

— Carlos P da Cruz 🇺🇦🚜🇳🇱🇬🇪 (@ccz1) August 6, 2023

Sem dinheiro dos impostos alemães para sustentar países não-frugais qual será o contexto futuro? Que oportunidades e ameaças?

Claro, a frase do ICI-man vem-me sempre à mente:

"Planning is an unnatural process; it is much more fun to do something. And the nicest thing about not planning is that failure comes as a complete surprise rather than being preceded by a period of worry and depression." 

"Don't aim at success"

"What I "discovered" was that happiness is not something that happens. It is not the result of good fortune or random chance. It is not something that money can buy or power command. It does not depend on outside events, but, rather, on how we interpret them. Happiness, in fact, is a condition that must be prepared for, cultivated, and defended privately by each person. People who learn to control inner experience will be able to determine the quality of their lives, which is as close as any of us can come to being happy.

Yet we cannot reach happiness by consciously searching for it. "Ask vourself whether vou are happy." " said J. S. Mill, "and vou cease to be so." It is by being fully involved with every detail of our lives, whether good or bad, that we find happiness, not by trying to look for it directly. Viktor Frankl, the Austrian psychologist, summarized it beautifully in the preface to his book Man's Search for Meaning: "Don't aim at success - the more you aim at it and make it a target, the more you are going to miss it. For success, like happiness, cannot be pursued; it must ensue... as the unintended side effect of one's personal dedication to a course greater than oneself." So how can we reach this elusive goal that cannot be attained by a direct route?"

O bom velho tema da obliquidade:

• "Obliquity"
• Obliquity

Trecho inicial retirado de "Flow - The Psychology of Optimal Experience" de Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. 

Quando acaba o dinheiro barato (parte II)

 Quando acaba o dinheiro barato ...

"If current trends continue, more VC- or private equity-backed startups will fall into bankruptcy this year than at any point since 2010.

In the first half of 2023, 338 U.S. companies filed for bankruptcy protection, according to newly released S&P Global Market Intelligence data, including 54 companies with private equity or venture capital backing. At that rate, 108 VC-backed startups will fail by year's end, besting the 95 that failed during 2010.

Why is this happening? Highly leveraged companies are dealing with headwinds they didn't face just a year ago. Because of rate hikes by the Federal Reserve, they're paying higher interest rates on loans. And it's become increasingly difficult to secure new money from investors. As a result, some companies can't bring in enough revenue to keep the business moving toward profitability and eventually a lucrative exit for their backers."

Trecho retirado de "Venture-backed startups are failing at record rates" 

"Gradually and then suddenly"

Há dias apanhei esta imagem no Twitter.

Tenho lido e visto imagens sobre o que se passou e está a passar com os agricultores nos Países Baixos.

Entretanto, ontem li isto e depois, também isto, "The beginning of the end of Britain's net zero consensus":

"The towns and suburbs in the vicinity of Heathrow airport receive cruel treatment. Then, last month, one blasted itself on to the map and, I argue, into history. In Uxbridge, the Labour party lost a winnable by-election as locals mutinied against a green levy. Since then, Rishi Sunak, the Conservative prime minister, has said nice things about fossil fuels and confirmed plans for new drilling licences in the North Sea. Britain will look back on this seemingly banal election in this ostensibly quiet summer as the beginning of the end of its net zero consensus.

...

Had politicians been frank about the cost of the green transition, voters might have felt prosperous enough to pay it. Now? Not a chance.

Let us dispose of the idea that net zero is popular. Yes, in Ipsos surveys, voters endorse various green policies by supermajorities. But when a financial cost is attached to them, most are rejected. ("Creating low-traffic neighbourhoods"? 61 per cent against to 22 per cent for.) And that was in November 2022, after a summer of sadistic heat. Last month, a YouGov poll found that around 70 per cent of adults support net zero. If this entailed "some additional costs for ordinary people", however, that share falls to just over a quarter. The wonder isn't the political faltering of net zero. The wonder is that it took until Uxbridge.

...

The trouble is that it really does capture something about politics. A change can be in the works for years, under the surface, until an event exposes, legitimises and accelerates it."

Isto faz-me recuar à Primavera de 20011 e a uma reunião num Sábado de tarde, na Ribeira do Porto, onde se discutiu regionalização e passei-me. A mensagem que eu fixei foi: se a impostagem for de Lesboa é má, mas se for do Norte é boa. Este tweet é dessa altura:

@filipelib Como aqu eles tipos que acham que ser enrabado por um gajo do Norte é melhor do que ser enrabado por um gajo de Lisboa

— Carlos P da Cruz 🇺🇦🚜🇳🇱🇬🇪 (@ccz1) June 8, 2011

Se as pessoas passarem fome por causa dos políticos de direita, é mau. Se for por causa do ambiente, é bom!

Tudo vai depender do tal jogo de forças (parte VI)

Há um ano escrevi aqui "Qual o resultado final?"

Qual o resultado final do balanço de forças entre a procura tradicional das empresas portuguesas (sector transaccionável) e a procura na Ásia para satisfazer os mercados que as empresas portuguesas já servem ou podem vir a servir.

Depois, em Setembro de 2022 escrevi "Como eu gostava de saber" (parte I e parte II)

Na sequência desse tema desenvolvi uma série de postais sobre o tema "Tudo vai depender do tal jogo de forças" (parte I, parte II, parte III, parte IV e parte V).

Já em Julho passado fui obrigado a escrever "Inversão de ciclo", perante a evolução dos números das exportações.

Entretanto, ontem no FT encontro "China's factories bear brunt of the economic slowdown":

"From slowing global demand to rising geopolitical tensions and a tentative post-Covid recovery, China's manufacturers are tackling some of the strongest headwinds in years.

...

Factory activity, one of the main pillars of growth during the pandemic, has slowed for four consecutive months to July 31, according to official statistics.

...

Feng Tai Footwear exemplifies the difficulties faced by the low-technology manufacturers on which China's economic success has been built. Before the pandemic it sold some 5mn pairs of shoes a year to clients such as Walmart and Target. This year it will do well to sell 3mn. Orders for the second half of this year are down at least a third compared with last year.

"Our sector is in misery," said chief executive Eddie Lam, who runs more than 10 manufacturing plants in China and employs more than 3,000 workers. "Orders often get cancelled halfway. We are basically at a standstill," he added. The country's monthly export delivery value of goods made with leather, fur or feathers as well as footwear has fallen more than a third from 2019, hitting nearly Rmb17bn ($2.4bn) in May this year.

...

Some clients have asked if the company can set up factories outside China, but Feng Tai has no plans yet.

"The US knows very well it cannot risk decoupling from China," Lam said. "I just don't see the advantage of moving production to south-east Asia with higher supply chain costs and additional investments required.

...

"We have to consider [China] 'plus one' or even more," said Ho, managing director of Tien Sung Group, of global tensions and supply chain disruptions. "We can't put all our eggs in one basket."[Moi ici: Aqui recordo o banhista gordo]"

BTW, este gráfico faz-me lembrar o esquema dos Flying Geese:

Vamos ver se o governo chinês resiste à tentação de, também ele, usar a receita portuguesa: proteger o passado e hipotecar o futuro. Porque como se lê no artigo, é desejo do Presidente Xi Jinping optar por um crescimento "de alta qualidade" que favorece as indústrias de tecnologia em detrimento dos vastos centros de fabrico que produzem bens de consumo básicos.

Sou um cândido ingénuo

Nestes tempos da Era da Ebulição em que os carris de ferro em Inglaterra derretem com o calor do sol, primeiro encontrei este artigo, "In some scientific papers, words expressing uncertainty have decreased": 

"Careful scientists know to acknowledge uncertainty in the findings and conclusions of their papers. But in one leading journal, the frequency of hedging words such as "might" and "probably" has fallen by about 40% over the past 2 decades, a study finds.

If this trend holds across the scientific literature, it suggests a worrisome rise of unreliable, exaggerated claims, some observers say. Hedging and avoiding overconfidence “are vital to communicating what one’s data can actually say and what it merely implies,” says Melissa Wheeler, a social psychologist at the Swinburne University of Technology who was not involved in the study. "If academic writing becomes more about the rhetoric ... it will become more difficult for readers to decipher what is groundbreaking and truly novel.""

Ontem, encontrei este outro, "Open science advocates warn of widespread academic fraud":

"A decade since Brian Nosek launched an initiative to tackle academic fraud, efforts to impose greater accountability in research have in the past few weeks claimed two of their most high-profile scalps.

Marc Tessier-Lavigne, a distinguished neuroscientist and president of Stanford, resigned and pledged to retract a series of papers in prestigious journals after an independent inquiry concluded they used manipulated data. Harvard has similarly demanded retractions of papers co-written by Professor Francesca Gino, a leading dishonesty expert in its business school who is currently on administrative leave."

Depois, uma breve pesquisa no Twitter levou-me a esta thread onde também encontrei o nome de Dan Ariely.

 

Num cenário polarizado ...

Há muitos anos que aqui no blogue, praticamente desde a primeira hora, escrevo sobre a importância de seleccionar os clientes-alvo e trabalhar para eles. Por exemplo, em 2006 escrevia sobre o perigo de ser uma Arca de Noé:

• Deixar de ser uma Arca de Noé
• Porque não podemos ser uma Arca de Noé!

A reforçar esta mensagem de focalização nos clientes-alvo, tenho desenvolvido aqui também a metáfora de Mongo, um mundo pleno de variedade e de tribos numa paisagem enrugada:

• 1 Origem de uma metáfora
• Criatividade e Mongo
• Covid, empresas, estratégias e paisagens enrugadas

Às vezes criticam-me porque supostamente no mundo actual as empresas tanto podem servir em simultâneo gregos como troianos. No entanto, continuo na minha, ainda na semana passada li, "Why Mushroom Leather (and Other New Materials) Are Struggling to Scale":

"Compare the number of venture capital firms funding software to the number of venture firms specialising in material innovation or fashion. There are far fewer.

The reasons for the chasm are structural. Once a software solution is invented, the marginal cost to distribute the second, third and one millionth sale are close to zero. By contrast, once a new material is invented, the marginal costs for subsequent units are nearly the same. It is only with learning and scale that costs begin to decrease.

At the same time, building the capacity to produce new materials often requires considerable capital expenditure to build out infrastructure."

Entretanto, ontem li "The Myth of the Mainstream":

"Chasing the mass market is a losing proposition for marketers in a polarized culture. Allying with the subculture that loves you is the best way to drive brand success.

...

For years, McDonald's seemed to embody everything that was wrong with the American diet. The brand had become a symbol of food choices that were driving escalating rates of obesity and hypertension.

The company spent more than a decade trying to fight this perception among American consumers by targeting them with messaging about its updated menu, which offered healthier alternatives more in line with contemporary diet trends - but to no avail. Year over year, McDonald's sales declined, and its brand perception continued to spiral downward.

...

Finally, the company decided to go on the offensive. Instead of combating the opposition's hate and attempting to win over those in the middle, McDonald's decided to focus on its fans - the people who self-identify as McDonald's devotees despite the vitriol directed at the brand. 

...

In doing so, it tapped into what these devotees love about McDonald's and not only activated their collective consumption but also inspired them to spread the word on behalf of the brand. The result of this strategy was a 10.4% increase in global revenue for McDonald's from 2018 to 2021 and the return of dormant customers: more than a quarter of those who came in to buy the Travis Scott meal, for example, hadn't visited the chain in over a year. Seemingly overnight, McDonald's went from being a cautionary tale to the darling of brand marketing and a case study for advertising effectiveness.

If you want to get people to move, you must choose a side. The notion that you can win by playing to the middle is a misleading myth.

What's going on here? Conventional wisdom would tell us that in a world of increasingly polarized opinions, our best bet is to appease the middle, if only because that's where the majority of the market is. That also seems like a safe bet to many companies, as a middle-of-the-road position is less likely to alienate potential customers.

...

The middle doesn't adopt new products with any urgency. They are not the first to respond to marketing communications, nor are they likely to weigh in on a debate between advocates and detractors. They mitigate their own risk of moving out of step with what might be considered generally acceptable by stepping back and observing other people's responses first.

The red herring is that we perceive this indifference as an opportunity to persuade them to one side or the other. But the truth is, they are not typically convinced by any marketing communications. Instead, they, too, take cues from other people - sometimes those who are for you, and at other times those who are against you.

Our chances of successfully influencing behavior increases when we choose to address the people who are most likely to take action.

With this in mind, it becomes abundantly clear that in a polarized scenario, the chances of marketers getting people to move are far greater when we activate the collective of the willing as opposed to trying to convince detractors or even persuade the indifferent."

Sobre a polarização do mercado, recordo Polarização do mercado ou como David e Golias podem co-existir. 

As "inocentes" distracções e interrupções.

Há algum tempo, durante uma conversa informal antes de um jantar, o responsável pela qualidade de uma empresa farmacêutica mencionou-me números absurdamente altos de mortes causadas por distrações em organizações de saúde nos Estados Unidos.

Na altura não lhe pedi a referência do estudo, mas o tema não me tem largado porque reconheço a quantidade de distracções a que eu e outros somos sujeitos diariamente no trabalho. Basta recordar o tema do "multitasking", por exemplo.

Há dias, pedi ajuda à inteligência artificial para me elucidar sobre o tema e foi-me recomendado este artigo, "Identifying and reducing distractions and interruptions in a pharmacy department".

Segundo o artigo as distracções e interrupções na área da saúde (mas não fiquemos por ela, pensemos no nosso próprio trabalho) podem ter várias consequências negativas, incluindo:

1. Aumento do risco de erros de medicação, que podem levar a danos nos pacientes.
2. Aumento do tempo necessário para concluir tarefas, o que pode levar a atrasos e redução da eficiência. 
3. Aumento do stress, desconforto e insatisfação dos trabalhadores. 
4. Redução da qualidade e segurança dos serviços farmacêuticos.

O ponto 2 fez-me recuar ao meu tempo de responsável da qualidade numa empresa da indústria química e ao impacte da conversa na necessidade de repetir ensaios.

Quais os principais motivos de distracção e interrupção?

1. Chamadas telefónicas e mensagens.
2. Colegas que páram para conversar.
3. Doentes que fazem perguntas ou fazem pedidos.
4. Pacientes fazendo perguntas ou fazendo pedidos.
5. Alarmes de equipamentos e outros estímulos auditivos.
6. Factores ambientais, como ruído e temperatura.
7. Distracções pessoais, como telemóveis e redes sociais. (esta faz-me lembrar conversa recente com o Aranha, que me contou sobre...
8. Tarefas administrativas, como preencher papéis e respondera  e-mails.
9. Outras tarefas relacionadas com o trabalho, como reabastecer prateleiras e limpar equipamentos.

O que propõe o artigo para minimizar a frequência de distracções e interrupções?

Coisas práticas como:

• Usar dicas visuais, por exemplo fazer com que as pessoas que executam tarefas que exigem atenção total usem uma bata colorida.
• Usar barreiras para identificar uma zona "livre de interrupções".
• Usar listas de verificação para ajudar a garantir que os funcionários se lembrem do que estavam a fazer antes de serem interrompidos.
• Proibir o uso de telefones pessoais por funcionários que desempenhem funções relacionadas com a prescrição, distribuição e administração de medicamentos.
• Dar formação contínua sobre a importância de tarefas complexas e como reduzir as interrupções.
• Determinar quais são as interrupções inaceitáveis no contexto das operações em curso.

Outro artigo, com uma perspectiva muito mais interessante sobre o motivo das distracções e interrupções é "Driven to distraction: The nature and apparent purpose of interruptions in critical care and implications for HIT"

O que me impressionou neste tema é o impacte das "inocentes" distracções e interrupções no número de  vidas humanas perdidas ou prejudicadas

Obrigá-los a falar

Mais um artigo interessante, "3 Questions Sales Teams Should Ask After Losing (or Winning) a Deal":

"When salespeople lose a deal, most prefer to move on rather than linger over the specifics of the loss. Similarly, when they win a deal, most are quick to celebrate. But very few take the time to assess why they won the business.

In our experience leading and coaching sales teams, we see evidence that a brief, well-pointed sales retrospective, where you unpack the reasons behind a win or a loss, can significantly improve a team's future win rate. Beyond the obvious benefits for the sales team - for whom the process can help identify the best messaging and behaviors to use going forward - unpacking wins and losses also provides valuable insights for product, marketing, and finance teams."

Algo que algumas empresas não fazem.

As empresas deviam "torturar os dados" e obrigá-los a falar.

Recordo um caso, recolher os dados de uma tabela e trabalhá-los com os dados de outra tabela, para reparar em 3 pistas:

• por que é que um cliente tem um preço muito mais alto do que a média?
• por que é que um cliente nacional tem um preço inferior ao período homólogo em mais de 10%?
• por que é que a Espanha saltou do limbo para o top 5 de vendas?

Como é que estas análises não se fazem com mais frequência? Recordo de um postal recente:

"too many small company leaders work "in" their businesses, rather than "on" their business"

Estratégia versus planeamento

Um extenso artigo, "How to Thwart Strategy Masquerades" a merecer uma leitura. Sublinho alguns trechos:

"Strategy always involves giving up something to get something else better. If we decide to offer only a single class of service, the consequence is that first class passengers will fly elsewhere. If we choose to offer only index funds, the consequence is that investors desirous of managed funds will invest elsewhere. If the opposite of your choice is stupid on its face, it causes no consequences and it is likely to be planning. Planning involves being non-stupid. Strategy involves consequences.

...

Strategy is centrally about compelling the thing you don't control - your customers - to take actions you wish they would take. No matter what you do, you will never be in control of your customers. If you start assuming that just because you want them to buy a certain volume of your offering, they will comply, then you are planning - and you will be sorely disappointed. Control is a planning illusion.

...

Strategy creates a future that does not now exist. That can't be accomplished by using inductive or deductive logic to extrapolate the past into the future. If your discussion focuses on 'what the data tell us we should do that is a planning discussion, not a strategy discussion. Planning doesn't create. Planning organizes."

Quando acaba o dinheiro barato

Muitas vezes ao longo dos anos tenho referido aqui no blog esta figura que criei em 2008:

Por exemplo:

• em 2022 -  We're not in Kansas anymore
• em 2017 - Antecipar a próxima jogada

Quando o preço do dinheiro desce, a rentabilidade necessária para um projecto sobreviver baixa, e vice versa. Vivemos mais de uma década de dinheiro barato... quais as implicações para os negócios habituados a baixo rentabilidade?

O NYT de ontem chama a atenção para o tema em "Corporate Debt Was Cheap, But Economy May Pay Price":

"Companies loaded up on cheap debt during an era of superlow borrowing costs to help finance their operations. The Fed has since lifted interest rates to a range of 5.25 to 5.5 percent from near zero, where they were as recently as March 2022.

The fear is that as debt comes due and businesses still in need of cash are forced to renew their financing at much higher interest rates, bankruptcies and defaults could accelerate. That risk is especially pronounced if the Fed keeps borrowing costs higher for longer - a possibility that investors have slowly come to expect.

...

The bankruptcies that have happened this year haven't seriously dented the economy so far. But analysts have warned they are symptomatic of the excesses that developed during a decade of historically low interest rates. And financial stress is unpredictable, so it poses a wild-card risk for the Fed as it tries to tame inflation. It hopes to do that without causing a recession.

...

As higher rates last, “more and more corporations will need to refinance into a higher-rate environment,”

...

But in a sign of the uncertainty over the severity of debt distress on the horizon, the Moody’s forecast also suggested that in a “severely pessimistic” scenario defaults on risky debt could jump to 13.7 percent in a year, higher than the 13.4 peak reached during the 2008 financial crisis."

Acerca da produtividade no Reino Unido

Li no FT, "Why productivity is so weak at UK companies" com o subtítulo "Longstanding problems of low investment and skills gaps exacerbated by overconfidence and lack of management time".

"But he is still in the vanguard of a collective UK effort to solve the puzzle of why British workers turn out less for every hour they work than their counterparts [Moi ici: Não gosto desta formulação. Como se os trabalhadores fossem os culpados ou a solução] in other advanced economies such as the US, Germany and France.

...

Productivity may be an abstract concept for many, but its consequences are real. Higher output  [Moi ici: Outra linguagem arcaica que não gosto de ver usada qunado se fala de produtividade porque me recorda a mentalidade dos engenheiros - foco no denominador] leads to better wages and a more prosperous economy. But UK productivity has grown by just 0.4 per cent annually in the years since the financial crisis, less than half the rate of the 25 richest OECD countries, according to think-tank the Resolution Foundation. UK household income, which used to be ahead of competitors such as France and Germany, now lags behind.

...

suggests British companies are long on confidence but short on commitment when it comes to action and investment in becoming more productive.

...

"Confidence can be a good thing - self-belief is powerful," says the report. "However, an alternative way of putting it is that we [the UK] are good at complacency." [Moi ici: Bom ponto!]

...

Another potential drag on improving output per worker is a relative lack of business investment. "If UK business investment had matched the average of France, Germany and the US since 2008. ... our GDP would be nearly 4 per cent higher today, enough to raise average wages by around £1,250 a year," the Resolution Foundation said in its recent report "Beyond Boosterism", part of its Economy 2030 research on the UK's economic prospects.

...

The proportion of UK businesses that have taken steps to improve or try regularly to measure and improve productivity is slightly down or unchanged since 2020. Some 37 per cent of businesses have discussed or planned improvements - up 8 percentage points between 2020 and 2022 - but not yet taken action.

...

That in turn feeds into concerns about the wider calibre of British managers, memorably voiced in 2017 by Andy Haldane, then Bank of England chief economist, who suggested "a (lack of management quality" was one reason for the UK's long tail of lagging businesses.

In fact, "our long tail doesn't seem to be much worse than others" , says Greg Thwaites, research director at the Resolution Foundation, and most businesses in the long tail are either too small or simply too unproductive for remedial measures to have a big macroeconomic impact. 

Be the Business chief executive Anthony Impey, who has first hand experience of starting and running technology businesses, also defends British managers. Although he acknowledges the cliche that too many small company leaders work "in" their businesses, rather than "on" their business, he points out that the obsession with day to day operations often reflects the ownership structures of such firms.

Many founders mortgaged their homes to launch or sustain their businesses and for those owners "there's a scale of jeopardy which is very often overlooked, because economists and those in big businesses don't have these sorts of stakes in their jobs", he says.

"If you have that kind of pressure, you're going to work in your business 12 hours a day", leaving little time or energy to plan investment or pause operations to implement improvements.

...

Nor do UK managers, accidental or otherwise, seem especially keen on asking for outside advice. The government's long-running survey of small businesses tracks how many leaders have sought "external advice or information" on their business (excluding "casual conversation"). That proportion dropped from almost a third to less than a quarter between 2018 and 2020 and was almost unchanged in 2021, according to the latest report available.

That is worrying because managers who do not take advice tend towards overconfidence, according to the Productive Business Index, which Be the Business has been compiling since 2021. Its latest edition found that business leaders who took no external advice were actually more confident about their leadership and management skills than those that did seek outside support. But managers without external advisers or non-executive directors were less likely to have a two- to five-year strategic plan or to feel they were prepared for unforeseen events.

...

If there were a single catch-all prescription for self-improvement, businesses would probably have applied it by now. Instead, recent analysis suggests companies need to apply a range of measures.

One would be developing and improving management skills and practices. US smaller companies top the ranking of G7 countries on management and leadership and operating efficiency, and are consistently higher than their UK equivalents in their plans to improve capabilities over the next 12 months."

Para reflexão ...

Risk and luck are doppelgangers.
They are so similar that you can’t believe in one without equally respecting the other.

- Morgan Housel pic.twitter.com/isIFpn1bNm

— Sachin Ramje (@SachinRamje) July 25, 2023

 Risco ou oportunidade não são atribuições intrínsecas... dependem da estratégia, do contexto e do apetite de risco 

Luxo, ambiente, massas, caça, salários e calçado

(X) Por que é que os portugueses, genericamente falando, não compram sapatos Made in Portugal?

(Je) - Por que são demasiado caros para a bolsa-tipo portuguesa.

(X) Por que é que as fábricas portuguesas não produzem calçado mais barato que possa ser comprado por portugueses?

(Je) - E depois, como se pagavam os salários e as matérias-primas?

Para que os salários possam subir há que aumentar o valor acrescentado. Para aumentar o valor acrescentado  há que aumentar o preço médio de cada par de sapatos. Para aumentar o preço médio de cada par de sapatos há que procurar clientes que os possam pagar.

Claro que há outra forma de aumentar o valor acrescentado: reduzir o custo unitário, praticar preços mais baixos e aumentar a quantidade produzida e vendida. Só que isso implica ter vantagem competitiva no custo e isso é incompatível num produto com muita mão de obra incorporada e situado na Europa Ocidental.

Escrevo isto a propósito de um texto publicado no semanário Expresso no Sábado passado: "Especulação Já não há hotéis na terra da fraternidade e uma noite num dos empreendimentos de luxo pode chegar a €1650 - Zeca Afonso teria de "montar uma tenda para dormir" " em Grândola""

Estou a lembrar-me dos anos a seguir à revolução de 74 e dos milhares de caçadores anónimos que íam caçar para o Alentejo em regime de caça livre (não havia outro e era um direito de Abril).

Eu nunca ocuparei esses empreendimentos turísticos em Grândola, porque não tenho dinheiro para isso e porque não fui educado nesse estilo de gasto e de vida, mas não consigo deixar de pensar que talvez esse nível de preços proteja a região do turismo de massas e permita pagar melhores salários.

"That's the part I have to start lying about."

"I would like, in this book, to show that the crisis of the world around us, and also the "crises of religion" ... are enormous windows of opportunity opened to us by God.

...

I regard the awakening of just such an attitude to life - not avoiding crises but taking up one's cross - to be one of Christianity's most valuable contributions. Christianity is not primarily "a system of dogmatic texts," but instead a method, a way, a route." (1)

Precisamente a opção contrária ao modelo português-tipo. No entanto, cada vez mais não estamos sozinhos.

"If I'm doing something that's growth-based and if I suffused all of these institutions with certain growth obligations The portion of that institution like its pension fund that had to grow at a level that it cannot grow at becomes psychopathic. Right?

...

So we started to get into a place where we couldn't sustain the science, the science couldn't sustain the technology, the technology couldn't sustain the markets, and everything had been built with an obligation. So the whole point of this theory of egos or embedded growth obligations is how do we have a theory why all? Institutions would sort of get into trouble at once and it's the common thing is a growth that can't be met.

Right, so that's that's why everything went funny, now.

That's not to say that we're not analytic. If we didn't want to lie to keep this game going. We could fix a lot of things. So things that do get fixed are things like airplane checklists to make sure that we don't take off with something broken. The checklist is also operative in a hospital, so you don't amputate the wrong leg. So the explosion in iatrogenics, which is the harm done by physicians to their own patients, and the epidemic of crashes, that ended, both in part result from a common understanding and management that a checklist is a life-saving thing.

We could do that with integrity to the growth based parts the pension I could say to you actually, you know these commitments we made to get to your pension can't be met. Here's what's realistic and here's what's safe. What do you guys how do you guys feel about 2% or you know, or 1.5% growth? 

You say well, can I retire? Not really very well? You might paid my whole life into helping other people. Yeah, you're the loser in a pyramid scheme.

How do you feel? Well, you don't feel good. That's the part I have to start lying about."(2)

De ontem:

"Future generations of retirees will be impoverished, as will the country as a whole."(3) 

Conseguem ouvir o governo de turno dizer com uma lata só semelhante à cobardia dos media que a ouvem:

- A Segurança Social foi salva! 

1 - Trechos retirados de "Night of the Confessor: Christian Faith in an Age of Uncertainty" de Tomas Halík.

2 - Trechos retirados de "Eric Weinstein - All Hell Is About to Break Loose"

3 - Trecho retirado de "The government needs to be far bolder on pension reform"

Diferenciação para fugir à comoditização

No Sábado passado li no NYT, "Switzerland, of All Places, Now Has to Import Cheese":

"The Swiss are proud of their cheese, and most of the cheese they eat are local varieties like Gruyère, Emmental and other hard cheeses from milk from happy cows that are famous all over the world.

...

In fact, the Swiss cheese trade balance has been shrinking for decades, and especially since the market was liberalized in 2007, which allowed the country to trade with the European Union without tariffs or quotas in either direction. Switzerland now exports about 40 percent of the cheese it produces, per industry estimates.

But in each of the first five months of this year, Switzerland imported more cheese by weight than it sold abroad, according to customs data. 

...

[Moi ici: Os números que se seguem são muito interessantes, ilustram como as marcas, como a diferenciação, permite fugir da guerra do preço. Em Maio passado estive em várias cidades suíças e é impressionante encontrar no dia-a-dia o festival de marcas suíças que trazem um valor acrescentado tremendo à simples soma dos custos] The number of dairy farmers in Switzerland has fallen in recent decades, with a drop of more than half over the past 25 years, Mr. Koller said. On top of that, farming operations in Switzerland are small: The average size of a herd is about 27 cows, Mr. Koller said, and dairy farms with more than 100 cows are rare. [Moi ici: Isto quer dizer que se o negócio fosse preço puro e duro os suíços não tinham hipótese. Até as explorações portuguesas já devem ser maiores. Recordo que sem marca, "Milk is the ultimate low-involvement category"]

...

[Moi ici: Segue-se agora um trecho difícil de encontrar em Portugal, basta recordar a malta das conservas ou do leite, "economists say there is no need to panic"] Although an influx of foreign cheese may challenge notions of Swiss national identity, economists say there is no need to panic. Swiss producers have become more specialized in recent years, and the cheeses they export tend to be the higher-value varieties, like Gruyère. Imports are cheaper and softer and largely come from France. (What's called "Swiss cheese" in the United States is an American reproduction of Swiss hard cheeses, known of course for its signature holes.)

Not all the cheese that is imported into Switzerland is consumed there, either. A large chunk of the cheese and curd brought into the country gets refined in Switzerland and then exported.

"The trade diference in cheese itself is not a major thing to worry about," said Martin Mosler, an economist at IWP, an economic policy institute at the University of Lucerne. "We are better than most of the world at the high quality stuff," he said. Switzerland continues to run a healthy trade surplus in cheese by financial value: On average, Swiss cheese exports fetch roughly 10 Swiss Francs per kilo (about $11.60), compared with about six Swiss Francs per kilo paid for imports."