- O quadrante 1 não se recomenda por motivos óbvios.
- O quadrante 3 é irrealista, uma PME não pode competir no campeonato da comoditização ponto!
- O quadrante 4 decorre da construção de uma relação de cooperação ao longo dos anos. A dependência mútua decorre da confiança depositada nas capacidades e promessas de cada parte. Por exemplo, entregas rápidas, entregas de pequenas séries, capacidade de desenvolvimento rápido
- O quadrante 3 é talvez o mais desejável, mas também o mais difícil para uma PME. a) Quem são os clientes-alvo? b) O que é que eles procuram e valorizam mesmo? c) O que é que a PME lhes pode oferecer com vantagem sobre a concorrência?
terça-feira, maio 18, 2021
Esse é o busílis!
segunda-feira, maio 17, 2021
"duas economias, diferentes realidades, diferentes meios de competir ou não competir" (parte II)
Comecei a parte I com a imagem dos "caretos" da região de Trás-os-Montes como símbolo de um tempo em que cada região tinha a sua roupa, a sua gastronomia, os seus dialectos e sotaques, sem a pressão de uma uniformização centralizadora.
No final da semana passada, numa caminhada matinal junto à foz do rio Douro
"Competition on Smooth Landscapes [Moi ici: O mundo do século XX, o mundo do mercado homogéneo]First, we consider performance in a smooth consumer landscape. ... in this type of landscape all consumers have similar preferences so there is only one large niche with a single global peak. In Figure 2, Panel (A) shows how average firm performance develops in the smooth landscape over time for different levels of competition. The learning process is clearly visible: firms start from their randomly assigned positions and gradually increase their performance as they explore the landscape and locate the global peak. After approximately 40 periods average performance has stabilized. The influence of competition is also clear: for a rising number of firms (F) the average performance stabilizes at a lower level. Thus, competition is detrimental to performance, which is exactly what we would expect in a real world setting. [Moi ici: A imagem clássica da competição económica. Quanto mais concorrentes, pior o desempenho]...firms‟ performance increases over time because they gradually approach the global peak: the distance initially drops sharply and then stabilizes after about 40 periods. This is what we would expect in an NK model with low ruggedness . However, in standard NK models without competition all firms would locate exactly at the global peak, whereas in Panel (B) an increasing number of competitors causes firms to locate at an increasing distance from the global peak. This is due to the difference between competition in horizontal and vertical differentiation ... if a firm has already located at the peak it becomes less attractive for all others. A corollary of this result is that with increasing competition the product designs offered in the market display greater heterogeneity: on average firms produce product designs that are similar but not identical to the modal consumer preference....This means that in competitive markets with homogeneous consumer preferences firms never settle down but instead continue to adjust their product designs. Because firms only move when they can increase their (expected) performance and we know from Panel (A) that average performance has stabilized, that must mean that they are engaged in a constant process of stealing each other‟s customers.This raises yet another question: which firms are moving? Does one dominant firm settle down on the peak while the others move around collecting the scraps, or does competition continue to threaten all firms? Panel (D) in Figure 2 shows that the latter is the case. It shows the proportion of market leaders, i.e. the firms with the highest market share, which are overtaken („dethroned‟) in each period. With an increasing number of competitors it becomes increasingly likely that the most successful firm will be dethroned: defending a leading market share becomes increasingly difficult the more competitors there are in the market.Taken together these results suggest that on smooth landscapes, increasing competition causes markets to become increasingly and persistently volatile. Firms do not settle down with stable product designs but rather dance around the peak, continuously jostling for the best positions and being thwarted by their competitors. In terms of products the result is a continuous stream of new but similar product designs which become more and more diverse as competition increases. The cutthroat competition of stealing market shares in these markets is detrimental to firm performance, not only on average, but even for the most successful firms who are in constant danger of losing their leading position."
"Competition on Rugged LandscapesWe have established that in „smooth‟ markets, competition leads to persistently volatile processes of adaptation. We now investigate how these dynamics are influenced by different distributions of consumer preferences. Figure 3 shows average results for different levels of ruggedness along the horizontal axis (from a single niche to many niches) and competition for the different lines (one, two, four and eight firms). The results are taken from the final period in the simulation ( ). Note that as illustrated by Figure 2 this is more than enough time for the results to settle into a pattern, whether static or volatile.Panel (A) in Figure 3 shows how average performance changes with changing ruggedness and competition. For landscapes with few peaks (low ) increasing competition is detrimental to performance. This is the same result we saw in Figure 2. Here however, we see that as the landscape becomes increasingly rugged, the detrimental effect of competition on performance decreases: [Moi ici: Aquilo a que há anos designo aqui por "Live and let live"] evidently, if there are several niches it matters less if there are lots of rivals....We already know that on smooth landscapes more competition causes firms to locate further away from the nearest peak. In Panel (B) we see that as the landscape becomes more rugged, firms locate closer to the nearest peak, regardless of the number of competitors in the market. This result suggests that firms may be dispersing to serve different niches. However, this result must be interpreted with caution because in more rugged landscapes there are also simply more peaks around. Note that firms that are alone in the landscape locate slightly further away from the nearest peak as K increases from zero....what is the dynamic driving competition? One possibility is that there is constant movement both on smooth and rugged landscapes alike, with firms jostling each other off the peaks. In that case the differences in results for high levels of ruggedness may be due to the fact that the alternatives are more attractive: displaced firms can find other attractive niches to serve. Another possibility is that there is simply less movement on rugged landscapes because firms disperse and „settle down‟ to stable situations where each serves a local niche.Panel (C) suggests that the latter explanation is more likely. For markets with few consumer niches competition has a large influence on volatility: the more firms in the market, the more movement we observe. As ruggedness increases, the average number of moves per firm and period decreases, regardless of the number of competitors. In very rugged landscapes (K=9) it makes hardly any difference whether there are two or eight firms in the market: firms have reached an essentially stable distribution.Panel (D) corroborates this finding. On smooth landscapes the probability that the market leader will be dethroned depends heavily on the number of competitors. Thus, if there is a single large consumer niche then it will be difficult for any one firm to defend a lead in the market. As the number of niches increases, the number of competitors matters less and less: in the extreme case (K=9) the market leader has more than a 95% chance of defending its position even if there are eight competitors in the market. In these cases firms have dispersed to serve individual niches (local peaks in the consumer landscape) and are unlikely to move. That means firms which have located favorable niches with high performance (relative to their competitors) are unlikely to be overtaken.To summarize, the distribution of consumer preferences matters for the dynamics of competitive positioning: On smooth landscapes we observe firms constantly jostling for competitive advantage around a few peaks. Competition is detrimental to performance and even successful firms are constantly in danger having their customers stolen by rivals. As the landscape becomes increasingly rugged, firms disperse more and more. Instead of clustering at some distance around a single peak they spread out to serve individual consumer niches. This has the additional effect that in very rugged markets movement drops to a minimum, and it is very unlikely that successful firms will be overtaken. Note that this result does not happen suddenly when the number of peaks becomes greater than the number of firms (at approximately ), but occurs gradually as ruggedness increases."
domingo, maio 16, 2021
"duas economias, diferentes realidades, diferentes meios de competir ou não competir" (parte I)
"Humans think using mental models. These are representations of reality that make the world comprehensible. They allow us to see patterns, predict how things will unfold, and make sense of the circumstances we encounter. Reality would otherwise be a flood of information, a jumble of inchoate experiences and sensations. Mental models bring order. They let us focus on essential things and ignore others—just as, at a cocktail party, we can hear the conversation that we’re in while tuning out the chatter around us. We craft a simulation of reality in our minds to anticipate how situations will play out.We use mental models all the time, even if we are not aware of them....our decisions are not simply based on the reasoning we apply, but on something more foundational: the particular lens through which we look at the situation—our sense of how the world works. That underlying level of cognition consists of mental models.The fact that we need to interpret the world in order to exist in it, that how we perceive reality colors how we act within it, is something that people have long known but take for granted....The mental models that we choose and apply are frames: they determine how we understand and act in the world. Frames enable us to generalize and make abstractions that apply to other situations. With them, we can handle new situations, rather than having to relearn everything from scratch. Our frames are always operating in the background. ”...We now know that the right frame applied in the right way opens up a wider range of possibilities, which in turn leads to better choices. The frames we employ affect the options we see, the decisions we make, and the results we attain. By being better at framing, we get better outcomes....Sometimes our frames don’t fit the reality to which we apply them. There is no such thing as a “bad” frame per se (save for one exception that we’ll raise later), but there are certainly cases of misframing, where a given frame doesn’t fit very well. In fact, the path of human progress is littered with the carcasses of misused frames."
sábado, maio 15, 2021
Modelos mentais ultrapassados
Do século XX, do Normalistão, até Mongo, o Estranhistão, em meia-dúzia de linhas:
"When distribution is scarce, the hits are powerful indeed.
AM Top 40 radio meant that if you made that list of 40 hits, you were going to sell a huge number, and if you didn’t, you were gone.
Giant movie screens meant a few movies could play for months and own the market.
Limited independent bookstores kept a hit on the bestseller list for up to a year.
And then, when the long tail arrives, there’s a riot of variety, with most of the available offerings selling few indeed (most videos on YouTube have fewer than 25 views) but the ones on the shoulders do far better than they ever would before. This happened to movies in the 1990s when the number of screens multiplied, and to cable TV when the premium networks were okay with 3 million viewers for Mad Men.
Excited creators start to imagine infinity. There will be room for an unlimited number of Kindle books or YouTube videos or Netflix shows…
And that’s when the pendulum starts to oscillate a bit.
Because the media business remains a business, and it’s largely built on attention, and attention is scarce and it’s hard to scale.
So instead of an infinite number of successful titles, the market begins to segment. Instead of one blockbuster movie like Jaws that owns the summer for an entire nation, there are multiple markets, multiple audiences. But within those segments, there are still hits. Short heads built on multiple long tails.
Yes, having the most popular podcast in the world is quite valuable. But having the most popular podcast for a particular audience is valuable as well.
And we continue to segment for as long as the attention can be lumped together in valuable ways.
But, at the same time, we live in community, and we have a thirst for the big hit, the one that ‘everyone’ is talking about.
The disconnect occurs when producers and creators try to average things out and dumb things down, hoping for the big hit that won’t come. Or overspend to get there. The opportunity lies in finding a viable audience and matching the project’s focus and budget to the people who truly want it.[Moi ici: É aqui que se impõe o conluio entre os governos e os incumbentes para os proteger, para tentar eliminar do mercado os mais pequenos, para facilitar a possibilidade de os comprar. A tal economia das carpetes e dos biombos. Por exemplo, no século XXI faz algum sentido que uma empresa precise de aguentar um calvário de 4 anos para ter licença para operar? Por isso, escrevo teets como o que se segue abaixo]
And the dance continues."
Trechos retirados de "The dance between the long tail and the short head"
quinta-feira, maio 13, 2021
"é cada vez mais perigoso querer ser tudo para todos"
- Combinação 1 - Dinheiro deixado em cima da mesa e cliente com grande probabilidade de ser mal servido
- Combinação 2 - Aposta em inovação no produto quando o resto da cadeia quer um produto maduro. Acontece tanto... apoios comunitários a projectos de inovação em parcerias com universidades que nunca dão fruto porque, mesmo que o produto desenvolvido seja 5 estrelas, não há cadeia para o produzir e vender
- Combinação 3 - Com uma cadeia assim, o cliente nunca vai pagar o preço que sustente a organização
- Combinação 4 - Comercial habituado a vender preço nunca vai ser capaz de pôr a empresa a ganhar o retorno adequado da inovação
- Combinação 5 - Come on, onde é que este cliente vai pagar a estrutura e o retorno da inovação?
- Combinação 8 - Se é o cliente certo as operações e a comercial estão erradas. Se é o cliente errado, a comercial tem de mudar de clientes, e a inovação tem de se concentrar no processo, não no produto, assim, como as compras.
quarta-feira, maio 12, 2021
"customer profitability analysis" (parte II)
"Unlike measures that gloss over differences among customers or omit cost-to-serve elements, pocket margin gives a company a clear view of how much revenue each transaction generates, how much it costs the company to generate that revenue, and — crucially — when and why those costs are incurred. And because pocket margin is measured for every transaction, metrics based on pocket margin can provide insight into costs and revenues at any desired level of detail, from individual clients all the way up to broad marketplace segments."
Gosto destes títulos e das mensagens que ilustram: What your customers won’t tell you (but pocket margin can):
- You're losing money on me
- “You’re spending too much to serve me”
- “I’m in the wrong segment”
- “You should be charging me more for …”
- “Sell me _____ now, and I’ll keep coming back for more”
Trechos retirados de "How profitable are your customers … really?"
terça-feira, maio 11, 2021
O que mudar para que o que se tem se transforme numa vantagem competitiva?
"Rather than thinking of Best Buy’s more than 1,000 stores as a liability that made it difficult to compete, the company reimagined their role and turned them into assets. Going forward, the stores would serve four functions: points of sale (the traditional role), showrooms for brands that built stores-within-a-store, pickup locations, and mini-warehouses."
Ontem ao ler este trecho parei... parei e recuei a Outubro de 2015 e a "Do concreto para o abstracto e não o contrário":
"Uma PME-tipo em Portugal não tem condições para começar com uma folha em branco e partir do zero num exercício racional de desenvolvimento de uma estratégia.
Uma PME-tipo em Portugal ao desenvolver uma estratégia:
para aproveitar uma oportunidade com que chocou inadvertidamente; ou
para estancar uma hemorragia competitiva que a está a enfraquecer.
Tem, quase sempre, de partir daquilo que tem. Não tem a liberdade de ir à procura do próximo hit, porque isso exige recursos e uma cultura que normalmente não tem."
segunda-feira, maio 10, 2021
Caderno de apontamentos - I
domingo, maio 09, 2021
"Better decisions"
"Catastrophic decisions live on in the business lore as testament to the perennial difficulty of making good decisions.
...
1. Make sure you truly understand the problem. There is often an unavoidable tendency to fall into what I call ‘the conclusion trap’. In a fast-changing environment, executives often feel pressured to make decisions quickly. Combine that with years of training and reinforcement with the kind of System 1 (automatic, intuitive) thinking that Daniel Kahneman describes, and you have a perfect recipe for jumping to incorrect conclusions or solutions that can sink an organization.
Perhaps the most important step you can take in this regard is to go and see. Like a good detective, go to the ‘scene of the crime’ and directly observe the situation.
...
2. Define a process. We tend to think of decision-making as a fine art that comprises intuition, experience and myriad other unquantifiable factors — rather than as a process that can be improved. Humans are afflicted with far too many cognitive biases to rely on the alchemy of ‘gut feel’.
...
To mitigate the pernicious effects of cognitive biases, organizations need to view decision-making as a process that can be monitored and improved with appropriate systems and structures. Here are five ideas that will help:
- Send materials in advance. To avoid peer conformity, allow people to think through the issues in advance, individually. Share the relevant information before every meeting and ask people to develop recommendations. Collect these ahead of time and discuss them at the meeting. The different perspectives will lead to more productive and thoughtful discussions.
- Clarify the assumptions. It is essential that everyone starts out with the same assumptions. The materials provided must specify what those critical assumptions are and what the goals are for the decision. Are you striving to maximize market share? Are you anticipating a flat, declining or growing market? People must have the same starting point for their analysis.
- Conduct a pre-mortem. Pretend that the decision agreed to turns out badly. Assess ‘what went wrong’ and why. This discussion will identify weaknesses in the plan.
- Assign a devil’s advocate. A devil’s advocate arguing against your recommended course of action will point out any holes in the ‘solution’. Because the role is assigned, there will be less of a temptation to succumb to peer pressure to conform.
- Define the rules of engagement. Tribal knowledge in organizations teaches people how to behave in meetings.
...
3. Solve at the right level. Decisions should be made, and problems solved, as close to the issue as possible.
...
4. Run experiments. The amount of data available to organizations today enables them to run experiments quickly and inexpensively, enabling them to easily validate new pricing strategies, marketing campaigns or product features. Before committing to a decision, run an experiment with a small group of customers, or with just one factory or geographic region.
...
5. Train and institutionalize these behaviours. Commit to teaching employees this decision-making approach. Make sure they know how to use the tools and structures listed here. Companies provide training for their employees on all kinds of skills, and decision-making should be treated in the same way. "
Trechos retirados de "The path to better decisions" de Daniel Markovitz, publicado em Rotman Management Spring 2021.
sábado, maio 08, 2021
A economia das carpetes e biombos
Ontem de manhã cedo apanhei este tweet:
"Governments should be business friendly, not friends of business."
— Bruno Vilhena (@BrunoVPires) May 6, 2021
Algo em linha com o que penso há muitos anos e que costumo traduzir pela diferença entre os que conhecem as carpetes e os biombos do poder e os que não têm acesso a esses espaços.
Esta postura "friends of business" ilustra-se be assim:
"A igualdade socialista nota-se nestes pequenos pormenores. De um lado, o pequeno empresário, ou agricultor, agoniza na fila da Câmara Municipal pelo requerimento que lhe permite pagar a licença e aprovar o pedido de informação prévia à CMO, à REN, à RAN, ao PNSACV, ao ICNF, à DRAPAL, para, com sorte, passados 5, 6 ou 7 anos, isto no caso de ainda não ter ido à falência, conseguir levantar o carimbo que lhe tolera a submissão do projecto definitivo, com o qual, de calças e carteira na mão, terá que percorrer de novo todas as capelinhas burocráticas, sempre pagando as respectivas taxinhas, guiado pelo sonho de um dia começar a obra, isto enquanto o calvário persegue e se esconde à espreita a cada esquina processual. Do outro lado, o dono e investidor do Zmar, um lisboeta a quem não fixei o nome, chegou, viu e construiu. Porquê? Porque vinha munido de autorização especial governamental, o tal PIN, com direito a apoio e via verde burocrática. Para esse, tudo; para os outros, os enteados, aqueles que não conhecem nem ministro nem secretário de estado, a esses sobrou então testemunhar a edificação em tempo recorde do sacrilégio urbanístico que ali se foi semear."
Trecho retirado de "Aos amigos tudo, aos inimigos a lei"
sexta-feira, maio 07, 2021
No reino do absurdo
- "Espero que não vos tremam as pernas quando as empresas começarem a cair como tordos" (Janeiro de 2019)
- "Vai ser lindo... schadenfreude" (Janeiro de 2019)
- "exploiting our gullibility and sucker-proneness for recipes that hit you in a flash as just obvious" (Novembro de 2019)
quinta-feira, maio 06, 2021
Estratégias cancerosas não se recomendam
Aqui no blogue costumo escrever sobre as estratégias cancerosas. Por exemplo:
- "we must redefine art" (Dezembro de 2019)
- "não se pode competir como o Bruce Jenner" (Fevereiro de 2018)
"As humans we bring our own intentions and purposes to what we are doing, whether we are conscious of what these are or not. These purposes, especially in today’s world, are not driving towards a healthy system, that is to say one that has the capacity to sustain humans....One of the biggest misalignments and a driver of an unsustainable system is the goal of continual growth. Many of our systems are aimed towards this goal, and like a cancer’s goal in the body is growth, it is runaway and will eventually cause collapse. To increase market share, means everything will be engulfed. We need to find goals that are more aligned to the living system we are a part of....‘Those who do not have power over the story that dominates their lives - the power to retell it, rethink it, deconstruct it, joke about it, and change it as times change - truly are powerless, because they cannot think new thoughts.’"
Isto está relacionado com o desafio da produtividade. Como aumentar a produtividade sem ser à custa do aumento da escala? A maioria não conhece a alternativa!
Quando persistir e quando desistir?
Excelente reflexão de Seth Godin acerca da mudança do contexto, a nossa identidade e a nossa estratégia:
"when the world changes, opportunities change as well.
All of us struggle when our identity doesn’t match the reality of the world around us.
In the face of that confusion, it’s tempting to abandon possibility and to walk away from an opportunity simply because it doesn’t resonate with the person we are in this moment. But only when we do something new do we often begin to become someone new."
Faz-me recordar uma frase: não fazemos arte depois de nos tornarmos artistas.
Quando o mundo muda a vida pode ficar mais difícil:
- devo mudar para aproveitar novas oportunidades?
- devo manter o rumo e não abandonar a estratégia anterior?
Não esqueço o ditado asiático: As oportunidades multiplicam-se à medida que são aproveitadas.
Trecho retirado de "Confusing identity with strategy"
quarta-feira, maio 05, 2021
Eles gostam de ser enganados!
"The bad news is that, despite the availability of such tools, very few organizations are using them. The problem then, it seems, is not that we lack the means to spot incompetence, but that we more often choose to be seduced by it. This means we have only ourselves to blame for our self-destructive leadership choices. Perhaps it is time to stop paying lip service to humility and integrity, until we practice what we preach and pick leaders on the basis of these traits. Instead of promoting people on the basis of their charisma, overconfidence, and narcissism, we must put in charge people with actual competence, humility, and integrity. The issue is not that these traits are difficult to measure, but that we appear to not want them as much as we say."
Um chefe competente é um chefe exigente, é um chefe que nos apresenta a realidade, não estórias de embalar. Um chefe competente não promete facilidades, elas serão uma consequência indirecta do sucesso do esforço.
"Não existe árvore boa produzindo mau fruto; nem inversamente, uma árvore má produzindo bom fruto. Pois cada árvore é conhecida pelos seus próprios frutos. Não é possível colher-se figos de espinheiros, nem tampouco, uvas de ervas daninhas"
"It also reminded me of something I’ve noticed in my work helping organizations transform themselves. Some are willing to take a hard look at themselves and make tough changes, while others are addicted to happy talk and try to wish problems away. Make no mistake. You can’t tackle the future without looking with clear eyes at how the present came into being." [Moi ici: Joaquim Aguiar diz isto tantas vezes. Enquanto não reconhecermos os nossos erros, não estamos preparados para os ultrapassar] (1)
Vejo tanta desta resistência nas empresas ... sobretudo quando se procura desenvolver uma acção correctiva, uma acção para eliminar a(s) causa(s) raiz por trás de um problema considerado relevante. Em vez de humildade e procura... defesa, medo, desculpas.
Por fim, ontem:
"É bom que haja luz no fim do túnel, mas a questão é o que essa luz ilumina.Quando se chegar ao fim do túnel, o que haverá para ver é um nível de dívida que só é sustentável enquanto o Banco Central Europeu e a sua política monetária permitirem, uma incapacidade de acumulação de capital que só poderá ser compensada com a atracção de capital externo, uma demografia sem vitalidade que só poderá ser compensada com imigração em grande escala, e taxas de crescimento da economia que há duas décadas são insuficientes para sustentar os discursos políticos da justiça social.A democracia não resolve a questão que a luz no fim do túnel lumina. A democracia é um processo que oferece aos eleitores o poder de atribuir legitimidade aos que se candidatam a exercer o poder político, mas não garante que sejam escolhidos os que são mais capazes para o exercer. A democracia é eficaz a seleccionar e a afastar, mas não inventa qualidade onde ela não existir. Quando se chegar à luz que está no fim do túnel, terá de se reflectir sobre o modo como é exercido o poder que a democracia legitima. Ou se quer continuar num regime político distributivo, em que se faz circular recursos internos de uns grupos sociais para outros...Ou se reconhece que é necessário assumir a exigência do regime político competitivo para colocar no crescimento económico e na comparação com o exterior os primeiros critérios da escolha democrática e as prioridades da estratégia política."
Quando eu era miúdo fazia uns ditados na escola primária baseados em contos populares com uma moral no fim. Julgo que vivo numa desses contos em que concluo que gostamos, como povo, que nos enganem, que nos contem estórias de embalar. Nesses contos o Diabo, na bifurcação aparecia sempre a apresentar o caminho que leva ao Inferno, o mais bonito e agradável.
terça-feira, maio 04, 2021
"we do not have to change the whole system, but choose where energy goes"
"Our predominant way of seeing and acting in the world does not take into account that the world is dynamic, changing and systemic; so we act or intervene by trying to over simplify, control and manage any complex dynamic....“The world is a complex, interconnected finite, ecological-social-psychological-economic system. We treat it as if it were not, as it were divisible, separable simple and infinite. Our persistent, intractable, global problems arise directly from this mismatch”.This is the premise behind the need for systems change practices: we need to work with the way the world works, as a complex adaptive, social, physiological, ecological, connected world. If we accept this premise, it has implications for how we understand the world’s challenges as well as giving insights into how we might work with energy and dynamics to cultivate systemic change....means that if we change something at the smaller level – and play into the wider pattern – we can have an effect at changing the dynamics on a larger scale. If we place new dynamics and patterns at one scale it can have an effect at wider levels. This is important when we start to understand the potential for intervention, as we do not have to change the whole system, but choose where energy goes; our catalytic ability as change makers might start to work with the nested dynamics of change."
Ao ler isto pensei em "virar a mesa" e em como uma situação pantanosa actual pode ser um resultado perfeitamente normal de algumas decisões a um nível básico, com impacte tremendo em vários níveis acima do sistema.
Tão fácil pensar na produtividade portuguesa, no desempenho da economia portuguesa, como o resultado perfeitamento normal de um conjunto de relações.
segunda-feira, maio 03, 2021
Os académicos não percebem nem metade do que acabei de escrever!
Nos últimos dias vi várias referências no Twitter ao tema da baixa produtividade portuguesa. Esta manhã vi que até Paulo Portas terá falado do tema no seu comentário semanal:
Percebem porque se ganha muito menos em Portugal do que na maior parte dos países da UE?
— Jorge Queiroz (@jcsqueiroz) May 2, 2021
Vejam a diferença entre Portugal e Irlanda que há poucas décadas estavam mais ou menos ao mesmo nível.
Produtividade por hora trabalhada. pic.twitter.com/WOW33Zb1ks
Não esqueçam, a produtividade é um rácio. Um rácio de alavancagem. Quanta riqueza consigo criar a partir da que tenho de consumir?
Quando olharem para a produtividade de um país não se esqueçam que ela resulta de dois mundos:
- sector privado; e
- sector público.
"customer profitability analysis"
Interessante e talvez sintomático, talvez não seja obra do acaso, mas fruto das circunstâncias que vivemos com a pandemia, com o crescimento acelerado do online (recordar esta epifania), nos últimos tempos tenho encontrado vários artigos que ilustram a importância de pensar nos clientes-alvo, a importância de perceber a curva de Stobachoff e o seu significado:
"No company can afford a flawed understanding of customer profitability, least of all in a recession when the margin for error (as well as profit) is whisper-thin. The flip side is that improvements in this area can be a very effective way of bolstering the bottom line — and companies can often make those improvements with only a modest initial investment.
...
A customer profitability analysis, done right, tells you not just which customers are profitable, but why certain customers are more or less profitable than others. At a strategic level, this information can help guide decisions on everything from growth initiatives to marketplace segmentation. And, tactically, the information can suggest a variety of ways to improve profitability, such as lowering the cost to serve, improving the sales force’s bargaining position, and developing more effective prices and promotions.
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However, many companies that believe they understand customer profitability are actually working with the wrong information. Most use aggregate measures of profitability, typically gross margin, that fail to account for costs that are difficult to measure or that can’t be attributed to individual transactions (such as marketing expenses or distribution costs).
Even when these costs are considered, they’re often computed at an aggregate level using metrics that ignore the nuances of serving particular customers, segments or other populations of interest.
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Pocket margin refers to the amount left in a company’s “pocket” after all of the costs related to a transaction, as well as the cost of goods sold, are subtracted from the list price. These costs can range from the obvious, such as off-invoice discounts and promotions, to the easily overlooked, such as costs associated with freight, warehousing and other activities that may be generally classified as “overhead.” The costs incurred at each point in a transaction are often graphically represented in a “price waterfall,” a bar chart that depicts the impact of each successive cost-to-serve element on the list price."
Trechos retirados de "How profitable are your customers … really?"
domingo, maio 02, 2021
Lidar com os Golias!
"Battling Goliath’s on their terms, in their arena, against their strengths, is a mistake many businesses make. Replicating a business model is perfectly fine (many of the most successful companies in history have done it) but that doesn’t mean battling existing companies where they are strongest.Create new arenas, formulate new rules and make your strengths the ones that matter.If you are to compete in this ever-changing digital world, don’t be afraid to be bold. Believe, change the status quo, focus, be agile and finally, be precise.No matter how much money they have behind them, no business is invincible.Take heart David’s of the world, the sling is yours."
O trecho foi retirado de "David vs. Goliath: How Small Businesses Can Compete with Giants" e parece, todo ele, baseado num postal de 2009, "Golias estava invicto até ter encontrado o pequeno David (parte II)" ou noutro de 2012, "Adeptos e promotores da concorrência imperfeita!!!"
sábado, maio 01, 2021
Uma visão para a Fase IV - calçado
Trabalhar no mundo do calçado é trabalhar num mundo de margens apertadas, quase sempre. Podemos não competir com os chineses, mas competimos com turcos e albaneses. (Recordar as 144h).
Neste postal, "Quantas empresas? (parte VII)", escrevo sobre aquilo a que chamo a Fase IV do calçado português:
"Successful companies do not wait for opportunity — they create it. Case in point: the French glove and protection manufacturer Racer.Racer has carved a niche creating high-performance gloves for a discerning worldwide clientele of skiers, cyclists, motorbike riders and equestrians. Its team of 25, based in the southern French town of Salon de Provence, produces premium products that are second to none....Today, Racer’s challenge is to maintain its focus on high-end handmade products while also innovating to anticipate the needs of its customers. It has to diversify in a way that stays true to its brand values. In recent years, it has harnessed tech to do so....Racer extended its product line with heating jackets and a sportswear range for urban mobility, with a new generation of very discreet, light and stylish helmets. [Moi ici: Isto é o que acontece quando deixamos de pensar em tubagens e passamos a concentrar-nos no desafio de mover fluidos, e mergulhamos no contexto de quem o faz, para lá daquilo que produzimos]...
Recent developments include heated rehabilitation gloves and protective clothing for the elderly to prevent injuries caused by falls.
Racer has used an ecosystem of local partners on its latest innovations, from the regional workshops that provide the leather and material for their products to the University of Marseille, with which it works on rehabilitation and healthcare products. There is also a move towards reintroducing production in France and offering a repair option, where possible, instead of expecting customers to buy replacement gloves due to the effects of wear and tear."
sexta-feira, abril 30, 2021
Focar no que não fazer
"If the hallmark of a great strategy is its telling you what not to do, what not to worry about, which developments to disregard, many of today’s efforts fall short."
Trecho retirado de "Better, Simpler Strategy: A Value-Based Guide to Exceptional Performance"