The challenge for senior managers, then, is to maintain both flexibility and direction. "
sábado, janeiro 16, 2010
Oportunismo Estratégico
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Um jongleur é alguém que consegue balancear o curto-prazo com o longo prazo, uma tarefa muito difícil, pois, o presente, o imediato, é um atractor que suga,
que puxa os recursos e, sobretudo, as atenções.
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Hoje, no comboio, descubro este artigo de Daniel Isenberg na HBR em 1987 "The Tactics of Strategic Opportunism":
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"These words express what I call “strategic opportunism”: the ability to remain focused on long-term objectives while staying flexible enough to solve day-to-day problems and recognize new opportunities. In several studies of senior executives, I have discovered that effective managers strike this balance.
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Failing to think strategically has a price, of course, as the communications executive acknowledged: “Sometimes I feel like a rhinoceros who doesn’t see well and whose power of concentration is terrible; he charges at something that’s a long way off, then forgets where he’s going and stops to eat grass.” On the other hand, managers who concern themselves only with charging at long-term goals may overlook something promising—or threatening—lurking somewhere in the grass along the way.
The challenge for senior managers, then, is to maintain both flexibility and direction. "
The challenge for senior managers, then, is to maintain both flexibility and direction. "
Abençoada Grécia
Hoje encontrei num livro esta citação publicada em 1928:
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"If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences."
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Daí que este discurso de Manuel Carvalho no Público de hoje em "Os abutres andam por aí" é completamente irrelevante. Faz-me lembrar o discursos do aluno que, com razão ou sem ela, protesta em casa contra os critérios do professor. Por mais que proteste, de nada lhe vale.
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BTW, vale a pena o texto de Vasco Pulido Valente no Público de hoje. Tentar atacar os sintomas, tentar esconder o problema sem querer ir ao fundo, à causa-raiz do problema, é... tão nosso, tão transiente, tão enganador, tão...
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Abençoada Grécia "Dívida pública portuguesa mais penalizada que Espanha e Itália"... por que será?
sexta-feira, janeiro 15, 2010
Nomear um processo
Por que continuo a ver mapas de processos em que os referidos processos são amálgamas de actividades?
1. Um resultado discreto e identificável
2. O resultado pode ser contado
3. O resultado é essencial
4. A inversão do nome dá o resultado do processo
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Faz sentido meter no mesmo processo o recrutamento, a formação, o processamento de salários, a avaliação de desempenho, a gestão de carreiras, a... ???
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Faz sentido nomear um processo como "Gerir manutenção"? Qual o resultado desse processo?
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Manutenção gerida! O que é isso?
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Um processo entrega um resultado específico, concreto e essencial
.1. Um resultado discreto e identificável
2. O resultado pode ser contado
3. O resultado é essencial
4. A inversão do nome dá o resultado do processo
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Gerir manutenção dá Manutenção gerida... o que manifestamente não responde às três questões anteriores. E lá está, Num Gerir manutenção mete-se tudo? Manutenção correctiva? Manutenção Preventiva? Manutenção condicionada?
Acordar as moscas que estão a dormir (parte 42)
Engraçado como estes temas estiveram a dormir antes da e durante a última campanha eleitoral.
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quinta-feira, janeiro 14, 2010
Isto é pensamento estratégico!
Este pequeno artigo "Small by Choice, Whether Clients Like It or Not" está pejado de pensamento estratégico.
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Todo o artigo é um hino às escolhas e às opções. Aprecio também esta postura de não querer crescer por tudo e por nada.
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Qual a proposta de valor?
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Comparo o discurso deste artigo à sensação que sinto muitas vezes, quando uma empresa pretende comprar máquinas inovadoras a uma marca alemã (é quase independente do tipo de máquina) ... as máquinas quando são muito boas, quando são realmente inovadoras, parece que são vendidas por alemães arrogantes!
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Não arrogantes no sentido pessoal, mas arrogantes por que definem as condições do contrato e não há negociação, ponto!
Beating the Commodity Trap
O tema não é novo neste blogue. No entanto, nunca me cansarei de chamar a atenção para ele, talvez, assim, possa abrir os olhos a algumas pessoas.
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"Traditionally, when facing low-cost competition companies try to cut costs or innovate. But this can trap them in “never-ending cycles of hypercompetition”, D’Aveni says. Survival requires smarter and subtler responses.
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The author describes three types of commodity trap. First, there is deterioration, where low-end businesses enter with “lower cost, lower benefit” options that attract the mass market, much in the way Zara, the Spanish fashion chain, has done. In the deterioration trap, prices go down, and the benefits for customers go down too.
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The second type is proliferation. Here, either cheaper or more expensive alternatives with “unique benefits” attack different parts of an incumbent’s market – as Japanese and American motorcycle makers did to Harley-Davidson. Prices and benefits for customers may go up or down.
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Third, and perhaps most dramatically, there is escalation. Here, players offer more benefits for the same or lower price, squeezing everyone’s margins, as Apple has done with iPods. Prices go down and benefits for customers go up.
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In this world of commodity traps, D’Aveni says, managers will understand what the Red Queen in Alice in Wonderland meant when she said: “Here you must run faster and faster to get nowhere at all!”
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To move on, companies must be resourceful, and “change the industry’s structure”, “redefine price” or “define new segments”.
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How do you avoid deterioration? Diesel, the fashion business, has done this by establishing expertise in denim products, the author says. Other high-end fashion companies have begun selling “baby cashmere” clothes, made from the first combing of a young goat. You need 20 goats to make one jumper. “This is a place where low-end players cannot follow,” D’Aveni writes."
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The author describes three types of commodity trap. First, there is deterioration, where low-end businesses enter with “lower cost, lower benefit” options that attract the mass market, much in the way Zara, the Spanish fashion chain, has done. In the deterioration trap, prices go down, and the benefits for customers go down too.
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The second type is proliferation. Here, either cheaper or more expensive alternatives with “unique benefits” attack different parts of an incumbent’s market – as Japanese and American motorcycle makers did to Harley-Davidson. Prices and benefits for customers may go up or down.
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Third, and perhaps most dramatically, there is escalation. Here, players offer more benefits for the same or lower price, squeezing everyone’s margins, as Apple has done with iPods. Prices go down and benefits for customers go up.
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In this world of commodity traps, D’Aveni says, managers will understand what the Red Queen in Alice in Wonderland meant when she said: “Here you must run faster and faster to get nowhere at all!”
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To move on, companies must be resourceful, and “change the industry’s structure”, “redefine price” or “define new segments”.
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How do you avoid deterioration? Diesel, the fashion business, has done this by establishing expertise in denim products, the author says. Other high-end fashion companies have begun selling “baby cashmere” clothes, made from the first combing of a young goat. You need 20 goats to make one jumper. “This is a place where low-end players cannot follow,” D’Aveni writes."
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Retirado daqui.
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O valor que os compradores atribuem a um bem ou serviço é algo de subjectivo, volúvel e está, como um prego em água salgada, em permanente corrosão. Quem não percebe isto...
quarta-feira, janeiro 13, 2010
Spin do mambo-jambo
O governo fala na retoma, Cavaco fala na retoma.
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O ministro da Economia "Ministro da Economia admite situação ainda "exigente e difícil" mas ultrapassável com "proactividade"" já fala em aumentar a taxa de retoma e que o desemprego pode começar a baixar este ano.
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Fazem-me lembrar as experiências viciadas da estatística, dá-se uma ênfase desmedida às boas notícias, às boas possibilidades e, escondem-se as más possibilidades.
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Daí que este artigo de Edward Hugh sirva para chamar as mentes à razão, agora que ocorreram as eleições alemãs e que o governo federal acabou com muitas das pinhas, dos estímulos: "German GDP "Probably" Stagnated In The Third Quarter" e conjugar com "Economia alemã pode esconder mais despedimentos".
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Enquanto isto "acontece" um secretário de Estado ainda fala às rádios em aumento dos salários da Função Pública, go figure!!!
Estímulos, lareiras e pinhas
Mais um estádio do Euro a caminho da implosão, agora é o do Algarve.
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Quando os investimentos públicos são anunciados fala-se nos postos de trabalho criados "É hoje lançada, com a presença do primeiro-ministro, a obra de reforço de potência da Barragem Venda Nova III, na zona de Vieira do Minho, que deverá criar 2 mil postos de trabalho, dos quais 500 directos. "
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Esses postos de trabalho são criados para o período da construção, uma vez terminada a construção desaparecem.
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Esta estória dos estímulos faz-me lembrar o uso de uma pinha para acender uma lareira, se não houver madeira suficiente para alimentar a chama, a pinha arde, consome-se e a chama apaga-se com ela.
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Originação de valor e melhorias incrementais
Li este postal do meu amigo Aranha sobre o filme Avatar.
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Depois, cheguei a esta opinião de Roger no seu blog na HBS "Why Good Spreadsheets Make Bad Strategies" onde se pode ler:
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"We live in a world obsessed with science, preoccupied with predictability and control, and enraptured with quantitative analysis.
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In this oh-so-modern life, we have deep-seated desire to quantify the world around us so that we can understand it and control it. But the world isn't behaving. Instead, it is showing its modern, scientific inhabitants that quantity doesn't tell us as much as we would wish.
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Why are qualities so important? We need to understand the role of qualities in dealing with the complex, ambiguous and uncertain world in which we live because understanding, measuring, modeling and manipulating the quantities just won't cut it. Adding up the quantity of credit outstanding won't tell us nearly enough about what role it will play in our economy. Adding up sales won't tell us what kind of a company we really have. We need to have a much deeper understanding of their qualities — the ambiguous, hard-to-measure aspects of all of these features."
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In this oh-so-modern life, we have deep-seated desire to quantify the world around us so that we can understand it and control it. But the world isn't behaving. Instead, it is showing its modern, scientific inhabitants that quantity doesn't tell us as much as we would wish.
...
Why are qualities so important? We need to understand the role of qualities in dealing with the complex, ambiguous and uncertain world in which we live because understanding, measuring, modeling and manipulating the quantities just won't cut it. Adding up the quantity of credit outstanding won't tell us nearly enough about what role it will play in our economy. Adding up sales won't tell us what kind of a company we really have. We need to have a much deeper understanding of their qualities — the ambiguous, hard-to-measure aspects of all of these features."
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Interessante como no passado Sábado, terminei a tarde de uma sessão de formação a tentar dar a minha resposta a uma pergunta que no fundo era sobre os limites da melhoria contínua do que existe, sobre as melhorias incrementais e, como todo esse esforço pode ser rapidamente ultrapassado pelo rasgo de génio, pelo UAUUUU do artista para criar valor.
terça-feira, janeiro 12, 2010
Identificação das partes interessadas
Ao preparar uma formação-acção sobre o BSC para uma organização sem fins lucrativos, revi alguns artigos para refrescar o tema da identificação e caracterização das partes interessadas.
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Quando facilito o desenho de um mapa da estratégia começo sempre pela perspectiva dos clientes. Quando se trata de uma organização com fins lucrativos o caminho é directo - quem são os clientes-alvo? Para quem é que a organização trabalha? Para quem se projecta no cumprimento da sua missão?
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Quando se trata de uma organização sem fins lucrativos o caminho não é tão directo - para quem é que a organização trabalha? Quem são os seus clientes? Para quem se projecta no cumprimento da sua missão? Falar em clientes-alvo já pode ser, em si mesmo, traiçoeiro... mas chega considerar os clientes? Não!!!
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É preciso considerar e jogar com as prioridades de diferentes entidades, de diferentes partes, as partes interessadas. Cada uma com os seus interesses próprios, com diferentes capacidades de influenciar a actuação dos gestores.
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Destaco dois artigos sobre o tema, o primeiro é:
- "Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining the Principle of Who and What Really Counts", de Ronald Mitchell, Bradley Agle e Donna Wood, publicado por Academy of Management Review, 1997, Vol.22, No. 4, 853-886.
Do primeiro artigo destaquei:
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"The idea of comprehensively identifying stakeholder types, then, is to equip managers with the ability to recognize and respond effectively to a disparate, yet systematically comprehensible, set of entities who may or may not have legitimate claims, but who may be able to affect or are affected by the firm nonetheless, and thus affect the interests of those who do have legitimate claims.
The ultimate aim of stakeholder management practices, according to this view, could be firm centered or system centered: that is, managers might want to know about all of their stakeholders for firm-centered purposes of survival, economic well-being, damage control, taking advantage of opportunities, "doing in" the competition, winning friends and influencing public policy, coalition building, and so forth.
The ultimate aim of stakeholder management practices, according to this view, could be firm centered or system centered: that is, managers might want to know about all of their stakeholders for firm-centered purposes of survival, economic well-being, damage control, taking advantage of opportunities, "doing in" the competition, winning friends and influencing public policy, coalition building, and so forth.
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Pfeffer & Salancik (1978) picked up the idea of organizations as coalitions of varying interests and contributed the notion that organizations are "other-directed", being influenced by actors that control critical resources and have the attention of managers. In developing their stakeholder-agency model. Hill and Jones (1992) employed the agency theory view of the firm as a nexus of contracts between stakeholders and managers at a central node, where managers have the responsibility to reconcile divergent interests by making strategic
decisions and allocating strategic resources in a manner that is most consistent with the claims of the other stakeholder groups.
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We propose that, although groups can be identified reliably as stakeholders based on their possession of power, legitimacy, and urgency in relationship to the firm, it is the firm's managers
who determine which stakeholders are salient and therefore will receive management attention. In short, one can identify a firm's stakeholders based on attributes, but managers may or may not perceive the stakeholder field correctly. The stakeholders winning management's attention will be only those the managers perceive to be highly salient."
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Continua.
segunda-feira, janeiro 11, 2010
O pior já passou... pois, fiem-se na Virgem e não corram!
"America slides deeper into depression as Wall Street revels"
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O que chama a atenção é logo o subtítulo:
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"December was the worst month for US unemployment since the Great Recession began."
Os tempos agora são outros!
Há dias numa empresa, tentei transmitir a ideia de que com a internet é possível desenvolver uma marca sem grandes investimentos monetários. Hoje em dia, já não precisamos do mass-media, podemos recorrer às tribos, como refere Seth Godin neste vídeo.
Abençoada Grécia
"“If Portugal wants to avoid a downgrade, it is going to have to take meaningful, credible steps to get the deficit under control,” said Anthony Thomas, a senior sovereign risk analyst with Moody’s credit rating agency."
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Trecho retirado de "Portugal warned of threat to rating"
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Trecho retirado de "Portugal warned of threat to rating"
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domingo, janeiro 10, 2010
Inovação através do design
Costumo apelidar de manobras lanchesterianas, as cogitações limitadas dos macro-economistas, ou dos burocratas de Bruxelas, que têm uma coisa em comum: a linearidade do raciocínio.
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Costumo chamar a atenção para a vantagem da micro-economia, para a vantagem de pessoas concretas, que sentem, que têm relações amorosas com clientes, fornecedores e produtos e conseguem ver o que mais ninguém consegue ver.
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Há pouco tempo descobri na revista Fast Company uma referência que me chamou a atenção para o pensamento de Roger Martin:
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"Martin believes that the North American economy is radically transforming. As the production of goods and services increasingly becomes routinized, the cost advantages across a growing array of industries accrue to China and India. Scale alone is not enough to thrive in a world where markets are rapidly globalizing; incremental improvement won't deliver a decent ROI. Our companies will continue to prosper only if they push to the higher ground of innovating and creating "elegant, refined products and services" -- which might well be produced elsewhere.
The upshot, says Martin, is nothing less than the emergence of the design economy -- the successor to the information economy, and, before it, the service and manufacturing economies. And that shift, he argues, has profound implications for every business leader and manager among us: "Businesspeople don't just need to understand designers better -- they need to become designers."
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In a global economy, elegant design is becoming a critical competitive advantage. Trouble is, most business folks don't think like designers. (Moi ici: E os políticos? E os burocratas? E os macro-economistas? E os contabilistas? E os consultores?)
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In a recent interview in Toronto, Martin asserted that real value creation now comes from using the designer's foremost competitive weapon, his imagination, to peer into a mystery -- a problem that we recognize but don't understand -- and to devise a rough solution that explains it. "For any company that chooses to innovate, the foremost challenge is this," Martin says. "Are you willing to step back and ask, 'What's the problem we're trying to solve?' Well, that's what designers do: They take on a mystery, some abstract challenge, and they try to create a solution.
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The trouble is, when confronted with a mystery, most linear business (Moi ici: lanchesterianos) types resort to what they know best: They crunch the numbers, analyze, and ultimately redefine the problem "so it isn't a mystery anymore; it's something they've done 12 times before," Martin says. Most don't avail themselves of the designer's tools -- they don't think like designers -- and so they are ill-prepared for an economy where the winners are determined by design.
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And that, Martin claims, means traditional organizations must reinvent themselves to perform more like design shops. In this new world, there are fewer fixed, permanent assignments. Instead, work flows from project to project, and people organize their lives around their projects, just as in a design shop. (Moi ici: Tabu!!! Vida de artista saltimbanco!!! Precariedade!!! Portfolio de projectos! Trabalhar sem rede! Em suma, um resumo da vida que levo e que não quero trocar por nada!!!!!!)"
The upshot, says Martin, is nothing less than the emergence of the design economy -- the successor to the information economy, and, before it, the service and manufacturing economies. And that shift, he argues, has profound implications for every business leader and manager among us: "Businesspeople don't just need to understand designers better -- they need to become designers."
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In a global economy, elegant design is becoming a critical competitive advantage. Trouble is, most business folks don't think like designers. (Moi ici: E os políticos? E os burocratas? E os macro-economistas? E os contabilistas? E os consultores?)
.
In a recent interview in Toronto, Martin asserted that real value creation now comes from using the designer's foremost competitive weapon, his imagination, to peer into a mystery -- a problem that we recognize but don't understand -- and to devise a rough solution that explains it. "For any company that chooses to innovate, the foremost challenge is this," Martin says. "Are you willing to step back and ask, 'What's the problem we're trying to solve?' Well, that's what designers do: They take on a mystery, some abstract challenge, and they try to create a solution.
...
The trouble is, when confronted with a mystery, most linear business (Moi ici: lanchesterianos) types resort to what they know best: They crunch the numbers, analyze, and ultimately redefine the problem "so it isn't a mystery anymore; it's something they've done 12 times before," Martin says. Most don't avail themselves of the designer's tools -- they don't think like designers -- and so they are ill-prepared for an economy where the winners are determined by design.
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And that, Martin claims, means traditional organizations must reinvent themselves to perform more like design shops. In this new world, there are fewer fixed, permanent assignments. Instead, work flows from project to project, and people organize their lives around their projects, just as in a design shop. (Moi ici: Tabu!!! Vida de artista saltimbanco!!! Precariedade!!! Portfolio de projectos! Trabalhar sem rede! Em suma, um resumo da vida que levo e que não quero trocar por nada!!!!!!)"
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Depois de apreciar esta exposição "Why Design Thinking Is the Next Competitive Advantage", já não hesito, vou encomendar o livro. É disto que precisamos para subir na escala de valor e, aumentar a produtividade através da criação de valor, a única forma de também os trabalhadores beneficiarem.
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Já agora, a partir do minuto 20, na fase das perguntas, os consultores que apoiam a certificação de empresas deviam escutar e reflectir.
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Na passada sexta-feira, talvez no RCP, ouvi a justificação de Assis Ferreira para o despedimento de 113 trabalhadores do Casino do Estoril. Só falou de cortes e mais cortes que foram feitos para salvar os postos de trabalho. Não fez uma única referência a acções para atrair mais gente ao casino... como se os cortes atraíssem mais clientes.
O canário inglês
"When it comes to dealing with the deficit, both main parties are running scared. They are prepared to discuss spending reductions, but only in the way that 1950s Britain talked about sex: not in front of the children. Grown-ups know what's going on in private, but admit nothing in public, lest the little ones are shocked. As a result, there's a gaping hole where honesty should be. Neither side, it seems, has the courage to spell out what must be done to restore credibility. Fearing rejection by voters, they merely hint at it."
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"A shortage of taxes is not the problem. Spending has run out of control. Bear this in mind when you next hear the Prime Minister trying to bluff his way through awkward questions on budget cuts with waffle about additional levies on top-end earners."
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Trechos retirados de "Why is no one telling us the truth about spending cuts?"
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"A shortage of taxes is not the problem. Spending has run out of control. Bear this in mind when you next hear the Prime Minister trying to bluff his way through awkward questions on budget cuts with waffle about additional levies on top-end earners."
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Trechos retirados de "Why is no one telling us the truth about spending cuts?"
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E como escreve Edward Hugh no Facebook:
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"the “snow-ball” effect on debt, i.e. the self-reinforcing effect of debt accumulation (or decumulation) arising from the spread between the interest rate paid on public debt and the nominal growth rate of the national economy. I the average interest rate paid on existing public debt ...is higher than the nominal GDP growth rate then government debt ratios will trend upwards even if both the primary fiscal balance and stock-flow debt adjustment is zero.
This is how financial crises become self fulfilling, and self perpetuating."
This is how financial crises become self fulfilling, and self perpetuating."
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BTW, repararam que Chavez desvalorizou a moeda nacional em 50%?!!!
sexta-feira, janeiro 08, 2010
Não há coincidências, todos os acasos são significativos
Há dias, neste postal "A mensagem de José para o Faraó é eterna!!!" escrevi:
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"As estratégias bem sucedidas também são situacionais e o que resulta num dado ecossistema competitivo, deixa de funcionar quando este ultrapassa certos limites de mudança. Por isso, o conceito de business landscape que se move (introduzido por Ghemawaht), independentemente da vontade ou da actuação do actor. Aos actores resta-lhes ficarem atentos e preverem as mudanças, para se anteciparem e aproveitarem as oportunidades que elas trazem, ou anularem as ameaças que se desenham no horizonte... não há direitos adquiridos!"
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Há dois anos, neste postal "O nosso Eu em construção, em função do futuro que desenhamos e visualizamos" escrevi:
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"Aquele “building the future they aspire” é algo que eu desejava que em 2008 mais empresas descobrissem. O poder de criar o seu próprio futuro, em vez de esperarem por ele. Em vez de depositarem as suas esperanças num D. Sebastião, agarrarem o touro pelos cornos."
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Pois bem, esta semana descobri um livro que desenvolve esta perspectiva: "Strategy as Practice - An Activity-Based Approach" de Paula Jarzabkowski.
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A primeira frase do livro é:
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"Strategy is not just something a firm has – a position. It is also something that a firm and its multiple actors do."
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"STRATEGY IS SITUATED ACTIVITY
Situated refers to the way that activity both shapes and is shaped by the society within which it occurs. Since all activity is situated activity, actors cannot be considered separately from the context or situation in which they act. (Moi ici: Daí que não existam estratégias vencedoras absolutas, ter sucesso é estar vivo, e permanecer vivo implica alterar a estratégia para fazer face ás mudanças da realidade exterior. E mais, é perigoso ter razão antes do tempo!)
Situated refers to the way that activity both shapes and is shaped by the society within which it occurs. Since all activity is situated activity, actors cannot be considered separately from the context or situation in which they act. (Moi ici: Daí que não existam estratégias vencedoras absolutas, ter sucesso é estar vivo, e permanecer vivo implica alterar a estratégia para fazer face ás mudanças da realidade exterior. E mais, é perigoso ter razão antes do tempo!)
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Practice must, therefore, take into account both the broad social situation that provides institutionally embedded codes of conduct and the micro interpretations of that situation in constructing activity within an organization. This embedded construction of situated activity is termed ‘praxis’. Praxis is a chain of social events ‘where operation and action meet, a dialectic synthesis of what is going on in a society and what people are doing’.
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Situated activity does not, therefore, assume an objective, stable state with a durable set of meanings, but is an ongoing process that remains under construction. An activity-based view of strategy is concerned with the dynamic and mutable construction of activity, in which ‘Mutual intelligibility is achieved on each occasion of interaction with reference to situation particulars rather than being discharged once and for all by a stable body of shared meanings’.
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then strategy is never a reified state but is continuously constructed through activity. This continuous construction is known as ‘becoming’. Becoming encompasses three important themes about activity – inertial, stabilizing and changing activity – that are at the heart of practice based theorizing.
Strategy is typically a teleological activity, meaning that it is future oriented. (Moi ici: Algo de muito difícil quando se é jogador amador de bilhar)
Hence it is imbued with terms such as vision, mission, goals, objectives, directions; all words that conjure a future anticipated state. To this extent, strategic activity is goal-directed activity. However, this does not naively assume that goals are achieved. Rather, strategizing oscillates, ... between some desired future and current activity, in which current activity helps to create the future, while anticipations of the future shape current activity (Moi ici: Daí esta deliciosa lição de Ortega Y Gasset e, daí as limitações que as acções passadas estabelecem sobre as hipóteses de escolha actuais relativamente ao futuro - espaço de Minkowsky). Oscillation between these states involves an ongoing feedback process of becoming in which ‘the heavy hand of the past is present in the future’"
Strategy is typically a teleological activity, meaning that it is future oriented. (Moi ici: Algo de muito difícil quando se é jogador amador de bilhar)
Hence it is imbued with terms such as vision, mission, goals, objectives, directions; all words that conjure a future anticipated state. To this extent, strategic activity is goal-directed activity. However, this does not naively assume that goals are achieved. Rather, strategizing oscillates, ... between some desired future and current activity, in which current activity helps to create the future, while anticipations of the future shape current activity (Moi ici: Daí esta deliciosa lição de Ortega Y Gasset e, daí as limitações que as acções passadas estabelecem sobre as hipóteses de escolha actuais relativamente ao futuro - espaço de Minkowsky). Oscillation between these states involves an ongoing feedback process of becoming in which ‘the heavy hand of the past is present in the future’"
quinta-feira, janeiro 07, 2010
Modelos de negócio (parte VII)
Voltando à figura da parte VI:
E olhando para o estágio das tácticas, das consequências operacionais que decorrem das escolhas estratégicas feitas a montante, tenho de aproveitar para fazer a ponte para o artigo "An Essential Step for Corporate Strategy" de Tim Laseter na revista strategy+business issue 57.
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"“The success of a strategy depends on doing many things well — not just a few — and integrating among them.” (Moi ici: integração - palavra-chave - criar sinergias que se reforçam em loops dinâmicos auto-catalíticos)
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Effective overall strategy, by Porter’s own definition, reinforces the critical need for an operations strategy.
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Porter should have explained the critical need for an operations strategy in enabling the overall corporate strategy to succeed.
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Wickham Skinner (Moi ici: uma referência habitual neste blogue), attempted to make business practitioners aware that the manufacturing function warranted more executive attention in a 1969 Harvard Business Review article. Titled “Manufacturing — The Missing Link in Corporate Strategy,” the article anticipated Porter’s argument by more than 25 years, noting that “a production system inevitably involves trade-offs and compromises.” But rather than focusing on strategic positioning, Skinner highlighted a number of “decision areas” where the operations arena needed to resolve important trade-offs.
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To be sure, the operations strategy at most companies has been determined on an ad hoc basis by the accumulated effect of many small and large operational decisions. Rarely does a company formally design and document its operations strategy in a deliberate fashion. (Moi ici: tão verdade nas PMEs, daí que quando se concentram no que é essencial, dão um salto na sua competitividade)
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Structural decisions define the what, when, where, and how of investing in operations bricks and mortar.
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Porter properly dismissed the pursuit of operational effectiveness without a clear linkage to the company’s competitive differentiation, but he underestimated the importance of building these capabilities. (Moi ici: O perigo do benchmarking, o perigo de aplicar o que resulta bem na indústria automóvel numa empresa que compete pela inovação. Por exemplo, basta procurar 3M e 6 sigma.)
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In Porter’s defense, many operations executives also do not think about building unique capabilities, but instead mindlessly pursue “best practices.” In other words, they try to develop the capabilities that their fiercest competitors have already mastered. The concept of “best practices,” in fact, reinforces the flawed mind-set that triggered Porter’s attack on operational effectiveness. There are no universally superior methods that should be applied by all industry participants. Such a model yields competitive convergence and the often destructive model of pure cost-based competition. Instead, capabilities should be nurtured with a clear focus on the company’s desired, differentiated position in the marketplace." (Moi ici: Please, rewind a read again this last underlined text. Read again and again until your epiphanic moment.).
To be sure, the operations strategy at most companies has been determined on an ad hoc basis by the accumulated effect of many small and large operational decisions. Rarely does a company formally design and document its operations strategy in a deliberate fashion. (Moi ici: tão verdade nas PMEs, daí que quando se concentram no que é essencial, dão um salto na sua competitividade)
...
Structural decisions define the what, when, where, and how of investing in operations bricks and mortar.
...
Porter properly dismissed the pursuit of operational effectiveness without a clear linkage to the company’s competitive differentiation, but he underestimated the importance of building these capabilities. (Moi ici: O perigo do benchmarking, o perigo de aplicar o que resulta bem na indústria automóvel numa empresa que compete pela inovação. Por exemplo, basta procurar 3M e 6 sigma.)
.
In Porter’s defense, many operations executives also do not think about building unique capabilities, but instead mindlessly pursue “best practices.” In other words, they try to develop the capabilities that their fiercest competitors have already mastered. The concept of “best practices,” in fact, reinforces the flawed mind-set that triggered Porter’s attack on operational effectiveness. There are no universally superior methods that should be applied by all industry participants. Such a model yields competitive convergence and the often destructive model of pure cost-based competition. Instead, capabilities should be nurtured with a clear focus on the company’s desired, differentiated position in the marketplace." (Moi ici: Please, rewind a read again this last underlined text. Read again and again until your epiphanic moment.).
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