terça-feira, dezembro 26, 2017

Fugir da eficiência


Isto é poesia celestial para quem há mais de uma década enfrenta a tríade enterrada no século XX e devota do bezerro de ouro da eficiência e custos:
"The premise of the theory presented below is that to identify the behavioral drivers of superior performance systematically, it is useful to reason against the benchmark of market efficiency. When markets are efficient, opportunities for superior performance (also called superior courses of action or strategic opportunities) do not exist, or, if they do, they are short-lived because they are competed away by many rival firms. Therefore, establishing what causes violations of market efficiency shows what causes opportunities to exist. Following this logic, the behavioral roots of superior opportunities can be understood in terms of behavioral factors that hinder efficiency. The theory proposed in this paper seeks to isolate such factors by identifying systematic behavioral bounds or impediments to competition. These bounds are behavioral in that they reflect limitations in strategic leaders’ ability to manage mental processes. They will be called behavioral failures, short for behavioral market failures. Such failures ensure that opportunities whose pursuit requires leaders to manage very hard-to-manage mental processes are not competed away, even if competition is intense. Hence, superior performance rests in part on a strategic leader’s superior ability to overcome focal behavioral failures. Thus, managing such mental processes is central to strategic leaders’ role."

Trecho retirado de “Toward a Behavioral Theory of Strategy.” Organization Science, 23 (January/February 2012): 267-285 de Giovanni Gavotte.

Alicerces para a promoção da concorrência imperfeita e dos monopólios informais.

O futuro do jornalismo

Há anos que escrevo aqui sobre a reacção dos media à internet. Perante a "invasão chinesa" da internet, que seduziu os clientes overserved, os media tiveram a resposta instintiva de irem atrás dos clientes que perderam, pensando que era uma questão de preço (daí terem sido inundados de estagiários e recibos verdes). Ao fazerem-no perderam aqueles que poderiam ter continuado como clientes, os underserved, aqueles que estariam dispostos a pagar mais, (sim, o burro era eu), por algo que não implicasse vergonhas deste tipo:
Um sintoma de que há mercado para servir clientes underserved?


Acerca do short-termism (parte II)

Há dias ouvimos e lemos que os CTT vão despedir cerca de 800 trabalhadores. A desculpa é que já ninguém envia cartas a ninguém.

No entanto, "Comércio online explode e pressiona empresas de logística". E os CTT não são uma empresa de logística?

No entanto, "Atrasos nas compras online geram onda de queixas no Natal":
"Os CTT são a empresa que mereceu, de forma destacada, o maior volume de reclamações - deu origem a quase um milhar de reclamações contabilizadas apenas a partir de Outubro. Seguem-se-lhe a GLS (257 queixas), a Chronopost (173), a Seur (152), a MRW (88) e a DHL (37)."
Ao olhar para o nome que nos últimos dias tem representado a gestão dos CTT na comunicação social não posso deixar de reler "Acerca do short-termism". Antes dele:
Recordar:
Reconheço que os CTT terão mais reclamações porque movimentam mais encomendas mas funcionam mesmo mal, tive oportunidade de o confirmar durante "esse pico de encomendas de Setembro".



domingo, dezembro 24, 2017

Feliz Natal!

Há dias vi o filme de Mel Gibson sobre a crucificação de Jesus. Quando o filme surgiu recordo que houve muita indignação por causa da violência. Confesso que o que mais me chocou foram os diálogos:

  • absurda uma conversa em que um rabi judeu fala em aramaico a um governador romano que entende aramaico e lhe responde em latim e vice versa;
  • o uso de trechos inteiros dos Evangelhos como falas nos diálogos.
Os Evangelhos não são História. Lembro-me de ouvir um exegeta bíblico dizer que, por exemplo, o Evangelho de São João, foi escrito pelas comunidades gregas e chamava a atenção para certas passagens que foram escritas para serem ditas por um coro. Mais de dois mil anos depois sabemos pouco sobre o verdadeiro Jesus histórico. Resta-me a fé de que ele era Deus feito homem, tudo o resto é secundário.

Recordo que o mesmo exegeta sublinhava: as multidões formavam-se para o ouvir não para assistir aos seus milagres.




sábado, dezembro 23, 2017

Acerca da análise SWOT



Recordar:

Peças para a construção de Mongo

Algo que já antevimos aqui há anos e anos, "‘Mini-grid’ household energy sharing begins to take off":
"Network of 20,000 German homes selling to each other shows new distribution model
...
In Germany, about 20,000 households are already part of an initiative, launched by energy storage company Sonnen, which connects homes that independently produce energy. Sonnen’s virtual network allows them to buy and sell excess energy to each other at a reduced cost.
.
Sonnen is Europe’s largest maker of rechargeable energy storage packs. When the company launched in 2010, its battery packs sold for €25,000. Today, they cost €5,000."
O que irá acontecer aos 17 mil milhões de dívida da EDP?

Para facilitar esta democratização da produção, "Are The Benefits Of Blockchain Out Of Reach For Small And Mid-Size Businesses?" e "How Blockchain Will Change Organizations"

Leio este trecho:
"10-15 percent of all transactions will take place on blockchain by 2025"
E começo a imaginar partidos radicais (financiados, por trás do biombo, por accionistas que quererão recuperar o investimento) a exigir a nacionalização dos bancos.

"It’s all about the situation they’re in"

"Every company is interested in why people buy their products, but rewind time a bit further and you’ll find even more fundamental insights.
.
Before someone goes buying, there’s a reason they go shopping.
.
There are usually a few events that lead to the desire — or demand — to shop. Something happens that trips the initial thought. There’s a spark.
...
#1 “We can’t keep working like this.”
...
#2 “We can’t mess up like that again.”
...
#3 “This project isn’t getting off the ground.”
...
#4 “How am I going to pull this off?”
...
what’s most interesting is feeling the moments, the situations people find themselves in before they’re our customers. It’s all situational. It’s not about this industry or that one. It’s not about demographics, either. It’s not even about the competitive set, yet. It’s all about the situation they’re in, the reality they’re trying to wrangle, and the progress they’re trying to make."

Trechos retirados de "The Why before the Why"

sexta-feira, dezembro 22, 2017

Tenho algum receio...

O @nticomuna no Twitter chamou-me a atenção para este desenvolvimento:
O Grupo Aquinos a apostar no mercado do luxo.

Algo que já se poderia pressentir em “Não nos falta mercado, falta é capacidade de produção”:
"depois da aposta na compra do grupo Francês Cauval ter sido gorada, depois das auditorias efetuadas terem revelado “problemas sérios”. “Seria uma aquisição muito importante, para podermos entrar no segmento de mercado de luxo, mas já estamos a trabalhar num plano B”,"
Espero sinceramente que tenham sucesso nesta aposta no luxo. No entanto, tenho algum receio... recordo Skinner e plant-within-the-plant... e Terry Hill.
"conseguir penetrar no mundo Ikea. O seu principal cliente foi “namorado durante muito mais tempo” do que a própria esposa. Foram precisamente cinco anos para obter a primeira encomenda de 750 sofás, isto depois de “na primeira abordagem não me terem ligado nenhuma”. Mas o interesse superior em conquistar este cliente estava no topo das suas prioridades, pois “paga muito bem, tem volume e uma visão que se encaixa muito na nossa, ajudando-nos muito em melhorar a máquina da eficiência”.
.
Atualmente, a Ikea e Conforama absorvem 60‰ das vendas de um grupo que sempre viu os mercados externos com grande potencial para poder crescer." 
O modelo de negócio para servir a Ikea e a Conforama não tem nada a ver com o modelo de negócio para servir o mundo do luxo... recordar os vários mundos.


I see BS vendors everywhere


Hoje no Twitter, Nassim Taleb recorda uma grande verdade:


Claro que quem está de fora não percebe o que são isto de "scars"

Há dias, sublinhei este título "“For an Entrepreneur, Every Day Is a Crisis”"

Agora reparem no discurso de um BS vendor [o deputado do BE, José Soeiro] neste texto "Recibos verdes: quem paga mais e menos? Veja as simulações":
"Para simplificar, num primeiro passo tomemos o exemplo de um rendimento constante de prestação de serviços de um trabalhador"
Rendimento constante?! Piada feita!!!


E porque não somos plankton (parte VIII)

Leiam o título "Nestle to Sell U.S. Chocolate Business as Market Melts". Oiçam o video com os comentários e justificações. Leiam:
"The U.S. chocolate market is sputtering, and in August, Lindt & Spruengli AG blamed North America when it forecast the weakest revenue growth in at least eight years."
Depois, olhem para a evolução do mercado do chocolate nos Estados Unidos:

E para "Chocolate Industry Analysis 2017 - Cost & Trends":
"Growth of the chocolate industry over the last decade has been driven in large part by an increasing awareness of the health benefits of certain types of chocolate and growing popularity in Asian Pacific countries.
...
Chocolate is broadly classified by the amount of cocoa it contains. Milk chocolate accounts for more than 50% of all chocolate consumption but may contain as little as 10% cocoa. Hershey's milk chocolate has approximately 11% cocoa, with a whole lot of milk and sugar added in. Chocolate is considered “dark” if it has more than 60% cocoa.
...
Instead of being something to avoid or consider a special treat, consumers are finding out that many diets and even doctors are recommending regular consumption of dark chocolate.
...
Premium and dark chocolate are the strongest segments of the market in the United States in terms of growth, though not market share. Unique products and consumption experiences are keeping consumers coming back for more.
...
There are an abundance of chocolate franchise opportunities for the interested entrepreneur! Much of the variety comes from niche products such as chocolate drink fountains, premium selections or unique recipes.
Knowing your local market and providing a product or experience that can not be found is key to finding the right business."
Se ouviram os comentários do vídeo talvez tenham recordado que Mongo is gigantes-unfriendly (como a P&G et al).

A Nestlé gosta de vender aquele chocolate com 10% de cacau (na minha primeira entrevista de emprego, o director de produção de uma fábrica de chocolate dizia-me que o chocolate era um excelente veículo para o que interessava, vender açúcar. Foi na segunda-feira a seguir à primeira maioria absoluta de Cavaco) mas em Mongo a tendência é outra.

Parte VII.

quinta-feira, dezembro 21, 2017

Um segredo!

Um segredo!

A partir de hoje os dias voltam a crescer.

Mongo é isto

Há dias vi este filme no Twitter:


Hoje, li "How to Make a Shoe", uma ode a esse meio de produção desconhecido dos consumidores, a forma.

De um lado a produção digital, do outro o artesanato. Por acaso, ambas destinadas ao calçado feito à medida:
"Wittmer makes about four pairs of shoes per month at her three-person workshop, called Saskia, starting at about 3,000 euros ($3,540) per pair, including 500 euros for the last, which always stays at the cobbler."
Sobre as formas:
"The most challenging step in making a bespoke shoe isn’t selecting the leather, perfecting the stitching, or ensuring that the heel is weatherproof. The toughest part, cobbler Vivian Saskia Wittmer says, involves something that you won’t wear, ever.
It’s creating what’s known as the “last,” the foot-shaped block that gives the shoe its shape."


Quantificar valor (parte II)

Parte I.

A empresa da parte I não foi convencida. Não a consegui convencer a fazer a tal quantificação das benesses.

Entretanto, esta semana visitei-a e o dono estava possesso. Empresa grande, cliente, pediu apoio à empresa na concepção de um novo produto e, depois, foi encomendar o serviço a outra empresa, um concorrente. O senhor não conseguia entender que o cliente o tivesse trocado por meia dúzia de euros...

Tentei explicar que quem pede ajuda é diferente de quem toma a decisão final e voltei à carga com a lista das benesses.

É claro que ninguém gosta de fazer figura de tótó e começou logo a listar o que iria fazer. Adivinham?

Tit for tat!

Cuidado com o preço-baixo


"Don’t price too low  The second wrong mistake dooms many businesses in the cradle. Professional pricers believe there are three and only three overarching strategies: skim, neutral and penetration.
.
Skimming does just want the name implies; it skims the cream off the top. Apple has created near $1 trillion in market capital by using mostly skim pricing. Neutral is also fairly self-explanatory – pricing in the middle of the pack, neither too high, nor too low. Penetration pricing refers to attempting to penetrate a current market by undercutting incumbents with a lower price. The problem is once your organization gets tagged as the low-price challenger, it is especially difficult to overcome that moniker.
.
To overcome these many companies have used what used to be called a loss-leader. Today, we call it Freemium. To gain a foothold, products are introduced with a low or even free price with the ability to us."
Como não recordar aquela frase: não há nenhuma lei que impeça a existência de concorrentes estúpidos. Ou seja, não é ilegal ser estúpido.

 Trechos retirados de "Top three pricing mistakes to avoid"

quarta-feira, dezembro 20, 2017

Sem necessidade de controlar

Há tempos ao preparar uma auditoria a uma empresa deparei-me com esta frase para descrever um dos riscos determinados:
"Modelo de negócio que não permite o controlo do mesmo"
Torci o nariz.

Cada vez mais o truque não passa pelo controlo, mas pela colaboração, mas pela curadoria. Por exemplo:
"Contextual awareness, peripheral vision, design thinking and a multi-disciplinary approach – these are all terms that are trending in modern office-speak. And deservedly so. A project-based [Moi ici: Interessante] and titles-free organization — where yesterday’s team member is today’s team lead — can deliver the flexibility and agility that businesses yearn for.
.
Context Curator” is the term I’d like to introduce to the business dictionary. To lead a project is not to assign tasks and monitor performance, but to empower, to define the broader context, and to organically link the work of one team with the rest of the business. Following the example of Netflix and striving for higher talent density is only half the battle. Curating the context in which high performers can excel – rather than attempting to manage them – is the key to unleashing their full potential."


Figura e trecho retirado de "Do we no longer need managers?"

"looped by cir­cum­stances"

"The hard­est deci­sion lead­ers have to make, and fre­quently in busi­ness the com­mon mis­take — is pick­ing your bat­tles. And not polit­i­cally, but tac­ti­cally. Most man­agers and exec­u­tives get so caught up in tac­ti­cal and oper­a­tional prob­lem solv­ing and fire fight­ing that they get looped by cir­cum­stances and lose all if any strate­gic ori­en­ta­tion to their work."
E quando a testosterona entra em campo?

Trecho retirado de "Strat­egy bogged down by reality?"

"Price is not based on cost"

"I believe it is important to share that price is the number one driver of profitability in almost any business. AT Kearney and McKinsey have both done studies which demonstrate that a one percent increase in price across the board yields a seven to 11 percent increase to profit. This compares to a one to three percent increase to profit from a one percent reduction in fixed cost, a three to four percent increase due to an additional revenue, and a five to seven percent increase due to a reduction of fixed cost (i.e., efficiency gains) usually considered the Holy Grail of business acumen.[Moi ici: Como não recuar a 2008]
...
If I could send executives to the Bart Simpson chalkboard of life, I would have to write, “Price is not based on cost,” over and over again. Notice, this is not to say that costs are not factor in pricing, they can be, but far too many brilliant people believe that prices are determined by a formula that begins and ends with cost.
...
Prices are determined by understanding the perceived value of the prospective customer. This value is subjective and can vary from prospect to prospect over time.
...
The reality is that price, rather than being derived from costs, should justify the future expenditure of cost. The logic chains like this: Value → Price →Cost, not Cost → Price→ Value"
Trechos retirados de "Top three pricing mistakes to avoid"

terça-feira, dezembro 19, 2017

Acerca do "short-termism"

"Instead of hiring outside CEOs, hire insiders—or at least CEOs with domain expertise.
.
One trend that has contributed to short-termism and lower innovativeness is the increased prevalence of outside CEOs. From 1970 to 2004, the percentage of CEOs hired from outside the firm increased from 12% to 39%.
While outside CEOs are valued because they bring new perspective, my colleague, Trey Cummings, and I believe they impose a hidden cost to innovation at firms whose growth derives from R&D (roughly 49% of firms).
...
firms shifted from an orientation of “R&D as a driver of growth” to “R&D as an expense.” What was reported to happen as a consequence of this shift was a steady decline in firms’ R&D intensity (R&D/Sales) and a corresponding decline in firms’ R&D capability. In other words, the new leader’s disinvestment cut meat as well as fat.
...
Why do these shifts occur? We believe, and now have correlative evidence, that it’s because outside CEOs are less likely to possess the technological domain expertise necessary to drive growth from R&D. When CEOs lack this expertise, they are more likely to manage R&D “by the numbers,” despite the fact that those numbers are more elusive than those for capital and advertising. Indeed, we found that companies with outside CEOs have lower innovativeness as measured by RQ, and that those effects become more pronounced the more R&D intensive the company is and the more technologically different it is from the CEO’s prior company.
.
Note the solution is not to avoid outside CEOs. There are many reasons companies benefit from hiring an outsider, such as to effect change. Moreover, not all outside CEOs lack domain expertise (e.g., CEOs from rival firms); conversely not all inside CEOs have it (CEOs promoted from finance). Rather, the solution is to ensure that companies whose growth derives from R&D hire CEOs with technological domain expertise."
Trechos retirados de "The Real Reasons Companies Are So Focused on the Short Term"

Não é fácil escapar das armadilhas

"Managers often unknowingly adopt bad practices when they try to benchmark their organizations against the other companies in their industries.
...
For instance, some years ago, whenever GE did something new, many firms were inclined to immediately imitate it. Like a lot of people, the managers at these organizations assumed that GE's leaders knew it all: "Surely, when they do it, it must be a good thing, because they're such a successful firm."
.
Indeed, research has confirmed that organizations tend to imitate the actions of other companies that stand out as successful, even when it is clear that the newly developed practice is not the cause of the company's success.
.
The press does it, too. Journalists habitually write about top-performing companies and interview their CEOs, rather than the average Joes. We, admittedly, do it in business schools: we teach cases about the best, blue-chip companies, ignoring the less-sexy average types."[Moi ici: A propósito disto recordar "Cuidado com o título"]
Agora pensem nos artigos da revista Exame, pensem nas posições que a CIP defende, pensem nas decisões das associações de sector chefiadas pelos líderes das empresas grandes.

Freek Vermeulen dá como título à secção de onde retirei estes trechos "Benchmarking is BS"... pois é.



Trechos retirados de "Breaking Bad Habits" de Freek Vermeulen

Quanto tempo? (parte II)

Parte I.

Nem de propósito, entretanto, encontrei "Can blockchain ensure Unilever’s tea farmers produce a fairer brew?":
"Imagine being able to trace the exact origins of your cup of tea: where and how it was made, whether organic soil was used and if the workers were treated fairly.[Moi ici: Perfeito para Mongo, para a democratização da produção e para a autenticidade]"