quinta-feira, dezembro 07, 2023
Acerca da evolução de Portugal e da Roménia
quarta-feira, dezembro 06, 2023
Again, por que se pedem paletes de mão de obra estrangeira barata?
Ao longo dos anos tenho escrito aqui no blogue sobre a relação imigração e salários dos trabalhadores menos escolarizados. Por exemplo:
- Mais bofetadas e a turbulência em curso (Novembro de 2019)
- Por que se pedem paletes de mão de obra estrangeira barata? (Março de 2023)
- A concorrência "desigual" ou A evolução da produtividade (parte VII) (Junho de 2023)
Ouvir Eric Weinstein a partir do minuto 3.
terça-feira, dezembro 05, 2023
A receita irlandesa na Grécia (parte II)
Ontem comecei o dia no Twitter assim:
A 1 de Outubro último escrevi: A receita irlandesa na Gréciao meu lado leninista acha isto tentador https://t.co/hutBiyzfpj
— Carlos P da Cruz 🇺🇦🚜🇳🇱🇬🇪🇮🇱 (@ccz1) December 4, 2023
A 24 de Outubro no WSJ encontrei "Greece's Great Economic Comeback":
Talk about an economic comeback story. Less than a decade ago, Greece looked like it might never recover from its economic and political traumas. On Friday it won back an investment-grade credit rating from Standard & Poor’s.
The upgrade on Greek debt achieves a goal set by Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, although it also sells short the scale of the transformation Mr. Mitsotakis has brought about in Athens. S&P Global cited “significant budgetary consolidation” and the summer’s electoral “mandate for policy continuity” to explain its decision—which, as so often with credit ratings, arrives behind the curve and for the wrong reasons.
Athens needed to get spending under control after the fiscal excesses of the early 2000s culminated in a debt crisis starting in 2009. But if a balanced budget were all the country required to be deemed investable, a credit upgrade would have happened by now. Greece agreed to three separate bailouts from its European peers between 2010 and 2015, all of which included punishing fiscal conditions.
Those conditions were never met because neither the bailout deals nor Greek politicians implemented a growth agenda. Voters grew exasperated with the first two bailouts-to-nowhere and in 2015 swung to the far left, electing Alexis Tsipras of the Syriza Party as Prime Minister.
Mr. Tsipras nearly blew up the eurozone, refusing to honor bailout conditions and going so far as to stage a botched referendum on euro membership before stepping back from the brink. Then he signed a bailout deal with its own fiscal strictures.
Mr. Mitsotakis’s innovation, since ousting Mr. Tsipras and bringing the center-right New Democracy party back to power in 2019, has been to focus on economic growth. He cut the corporate tax rate to 22% from 29%, has worked to rationalize government operations, and now is pushing ahead with privatizations. [Moi ici: Um não-geringonço, portanto]
The renewed optimism explains why the economy is expected to grow this year by about 2.5%, S&P expects government debt will fall to 146% of GDP from 189% in 2020, and investment is pouring in. All of this happened despite the pandemic, a migration crisis and several natural disasters. It also explains why Mr. Mitsotakis won re-election handily this summer.
Challenges remain for an economy that still is too dependent on a handful of industries such as tourism, and important regulatory reforms are needed to increase dynamism. But Mr. Mitsotakis has figured out that an economic growth agenda is the essential ingredient for building support for those reforms—and for balancing the books. That’s a lesson the rest of Europe—and America—could learn from the Continent’s former problem child."
Ontem ao final da tarde no Twitter encontrei:
You may have missed this last week: Greece's unemployment rate fell below 10% for the first time in 14 years. #Greece https://t.co/IR7Xe47LVJ pic.twitter.com/LFbmwrbMv7
— Derek Gatopoulos (@dgatopoulos) December 4, 2023
segunda-feira, dezembro 04, 2023
"todos tratados como Figos"
Ao longo dos anos tenho referido esta previsão no blogue. Demografia, e o reshoring estão dar um poder negocial cada vez mais forte aos trabalhadores. Por exemplo:
"Escrevi aqui algures que um dia seríamos (os nossos descendentes) todos tratados como Figos."
"ALMOST EVERYONE agreed that the mid-2010s were a terrible time to be a worker. David Graeber, an anthropologist at the London School of Economics, coined the term "bullshit jobs" to describe purposeless work, which he argued was widespread. With the recovery from the global financial crisis of 2007-09 taking time, some 7% of the labour force in the OECD club of mostly rich countries lacked work. Wage growth was weak and income inequality seemed to be rising inexorably.
How things change. In the rich world, workers now face a golden age. As societies age, labour is becoming scarcer and better rewarded, especially manual work that is hard to replace with technology. Governments are spending big and running economies hot, supporting demands for higher wages, and are likely to continue to do so. Artificial intelligence (Al) is giving workers, particularly less skilled ones, a productivity boost, which could lead to higher wages, too. Some of these trends will reinforce the others: where labour is scarce, for instance, the use of tech is more likely to increase pay. The result will be a transformation in how labour markets work.
...
To understand why, return to the gloom. When it was at its peak in 2015, so was China's working-age population, then at 998m people. Western firms could use the threat of relocation, or pressure from Chinese competitors, to force down wages. David Autor of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and colleagues estimate that this depressed American pay between 2000 and 2007, with a larger hit for those on lower wages. Populist politicians, not least Donald Trump, took advantage, vowing to end China's job "theft"
...
The approach is already bearing fruit for workers. In a recent paper, Mr Autor and colleagues demonstrate that tight American labour markets are leading to fast wage growth, [Moi ici: Por isso, é que o patronato é tão amigo da imigração, mão de obra barata] as workers switch jobs for better pay, and that poorer employees are benefiting most of all (see chart 3). The researchers reckon that, since 2020, some two-fifths of the rise in wage inequality over the past four decades has been undone.
A similar trend is probably playing out across the rich world. Germany's employment agency keeps a tally of jobs that are facing severe worker shortages. So far this year it has added 48 professions to the 152-strong list. Most require technical, rather than academic, education, with shortages most pressing in construction and health care. Japan offers time-limited visas for workers in a dozen fields, including the making of machine parts and shipbuilding, and the country's wages are rising faster than at any point in the past three decades. The wage premium that accrues to those with a university education is already shrinking; it may now fall faster."
Recordar:
- Falta de mão de obra (30.11.2022)
Trechos retirados da revista The Economist de hoje, "Welcome to a golden age for workers"
domingo, dezembro 03, 2023
You Can’t Save Yourself - Bishop Barron's Sunday Sermon
Outcomes, not deliverables
"As a leader, you want to keep your team focused on critical outcomes and problems. To do this, you first need to identify where scope creep usually happens and cut it off quickly. In practice, this means shifting your entire team's mindset from "what" you're building to "why" you're building it, ensuring a project's outcomes are clearly defined. This will keep the team's narrative focused on the problem being solved.
...
Driving projects by outcomes means defining success based on problem resolution, and measuring progress by how effectively you solve the problem. Therefore, an outcome is a problem that an audience has that isn't addressed or is insufficiently addressed — not the individual project deliverables or features. Defining outcomes means setting aside assumptions on audience wants and desires, and shifting attention to what pain points exist and what is required to eliminate them.
...
Emphasizing outcomes also helps you to align your team around a common purpose and shared goals. By providing clarity on what needs to be achieved, you're motivating your team and empowering them to work together to apply creative approaches to problem solving. Without knowing the outcomes, it is presumptive to say whether any specific tactic or deliverable is needed or necessary. In short, only when problem-based outcomes are determined can a useful scope of features and deliverables be defined."
Recordar:
- " If we want to talk about success, we need to talk about outcomes, not just outputs"
- Think “outcome before output”
Trechos retirados de "Project Managers, Focus on Outcomes - Not Deliverables"
sábado, dezembro 02, 2023
Um paralelismo?
Em Junho passado em Evoluir na paisagem económica escrevi:
"No final desta leitura recordo que procurei mentalmente fazer um paralelismo com a deslocalização do têxtil alemão para Portugal nos anos 60."
Nas últimas semanas mão amiga tem-me enviado alguns "recortes" sobre a economia alemã. O último foi este:
"companies' investment shifts are becoming more established: more than one in three companies (35 percent) are now planning to shift investments abroad (May 2023: 27 percent, February 2023: 27 percent, September 2022: 22 percent). Another 14 percent are planning to cut investments. Only 1 percent of companies stated that they wanted to increase their investments in Germany given the current situation. Relocation destinations are: other EU countries, Asia and North America (in that order)."
Também recebi este:
"Orders received by the German machine tool industry in the third quarter of 2023 were nine percent down in nominal terms on the same period last year. Orders from Germany declined by 8 percent whereas those from abroad fell by nine percent."
Entretanto por cá:
"Nem a metalurgia e metalomecânica, a indústria campeã das exportações, é imune ao arrefecimento das economias europeias, em especial, da alemã. Em setembro, as vendas ao exterior caíram 8,6% para 1859 milhões de euros, menos 175 milhões do que no mesmo mês de 2022. No entanto, no acumulado do ano, as notícias mantêm-se positivas, com as exportações a crescerem 7,1% para 18 173 milhões de euros, fazendo acreditar num novo máximo histórico em 2023."
sexta-feira, dezembro 01, 2023
Brace for impact
- "A Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico (OCDE) reviu em baixa as previsões para a economia nacional, apontando agora para um crescimento de 2,2% para este ano, de 1,2% para 2024 e de 2% para 2025." (Fonte)
- "Em setembro de 2023, as exportações e as importações de bens registaram variações homólogas nominais de -8,2% e -13,0%, respetivamente" (Fonte)
- Taxa Euribor sobe a três e a seis meses e desce a 12 meses para menos de 4% (Fonte)
- "O total de desempregados registados no País foi superior ao verificado no mesmo mês de 2022 (+14 231; +4,9% ) e no mês anterior. (+3 243;+1,1%)." (Fonte)
- Fabricação de têxteis: + 11,3%
- Indústria do vestuário: + 15,8%
- Indústria do couro e dos produtos do couro: + 66,6%
- Fabricação de outros produtos minerais não metálicos: + 21,5%
- Fab. equipamento informático, elétrico, máquinas e equipamentos n.e.. + 10,7%
- Atividades imobiliárias, administrativas e dos serviços de apoio: + 11,8%
- Atividades de informação e de comunicação: + 16,6%
Foi um parágrafo, foi. Esperto!
quinta-feira, novembro 30, 2023
Não há acasos!
À atenção da câmara municipal de Viseu:
"Any problem of real consequence is too complicated to solve without breaking it down into logical parts that help us understand the drivers or causes of the situation. So this is the most important step in problem-solving: taking the problem apart in a way that helps us see the potential pathways to solve it. At the same time, when we can see all the parts clearly, we can determine what not to work on, the bits that are either too difficult to change or that don't impact the problem much. When you get good at cleaving problems apart, insights come quickly."
Claro que nem todos são iguais. Por exemplo, na semana passada uma empresa olhou para os seus objectivos da qualidade e verificou que uma das suas prioridades não estava a ser cumprida. A taxa de atraso nas entregas tinha crescido face ao ano anterior. Em vez do "vamos passar a ter mais cuidado", olharam para os dados e perceberam que havia um padrão. Os atrasos eram gerados pela recepção de repetições, encomendas recebidas sem planeamento e com prazos de entrega curtos que disrupcionam o planeamento normal. O que é que eles decidiram? Criar "pulmões" de capacidade não ocupada, livres para uso futuro em repetições se necessário, e facilmente usados na produção normal, se não vierem repetições.
Não há acasos, se não gostamos dos resultados, temos de mudar o sistema.
Trecho retirado de "Bulletproof Problem Solving" de Charles Conn
quarta-feira, novembro 29, 2023
Desenhar futuros alternativos
Estava no meio de uma reunião via Teams quando um e-mail chegou com o video abaixo:
Vi-o ainda nessa manhã.
Achei esta análise muito interessante. Subir na escala de abstracção e olhar para os fluxos de factores que podem criar futuros alternativos. Como não recordar as três setas de Subsídios para um primeiro-ministro.
O que Zeihan faz é olhar para as três setas e numa primeira rodada lançar um cenário possível, para depois pensar nas alternativas de resposta, ou de antecipação de alguém com locus de controlo no interior.
terça-feira, novembro 28, 2023
Este cura sabia!
"Monseigneur, vos prêtres de village savent-ils ce qu'ils font à chaque messe?"
"Monsenhor, acredita que os seus curas de aldeia têm consciência do milagre que realizam em cada missa?"
Frase atribuída a Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.
Eu tinha um tio, que sempre me tratou por Carlitos, quando o conheci era cura de uma aldeia nos arrabaldes de Coimbra no final dos anos sessenta do século passado.
Nos últimos vinte e tal anos desenvolvi uma relação especial com ele. Talvez por ser o irmão mais velho do meu pai, que perdi há vinte anos, talvez por ser um idoso interessante que me deixava muitas vezes com a ideia de que dizia menos do que sabia, talvez por ser alguém que sempre perguntava pelo nosso trabalho, alguém que fazia perguntas fora da caixa, “O que é isso da nuvem?”
O meu tio deixou este mundo com mais de 95 anos numa data fácil de recordar, 10 do 10 de 2020. Herdei alguns bens pessoais como o seu terço, como alguns livros e coisas simples como um pequeno globo terrestre que quando eu era miúdo me parecia enorme.
No último mês, ando numa fase muito feminina na minha organização do trabalho. Planeio trabalhar em 3 ou 4 projectos distintos por dia, um bocado de cada vez. Permite-me trabalhar a fundo num projecto e quando a mente começa a cansar-se do tema e a querer fazer batota mudamos para outro. Ontem, dediquei cerca de uma hora a fazer algo que estava prometido há muito tempo, integrar algures no escritório uma quantidade de livros e revistas que estavam guardados nos arrumos da garagem de casa. Isso levou-me a mexer noutras coisas, e dei comigo a abrir uma caixa com um pequeno tesouro de coisas simples do meu tio, um terço, duas lupas, duas máquinas de calcular, algumas bugigangas e três livros: "A 25ª hora", "A rebelião das massas" (este fui eu que lhe ofereci, ainda tem os meus sublinhados a laranja benetton), e um livro que me lembro de ler duas vezes. À primeira não percebi e à segunda adorei. É o livro da foto, “Ortodoxia” de Chesterton.
Sentei-me e agarrei-o como se fosse uma relíquia e folheei-o … os meus livros têm sempre a minha marca, os sublinhados benetton, os do meu tio têm sublinhados a lápis e comentários breves.
Quando o meu tio morreu tive o privilégio de escolher alguns livros de entre a sua biblioteca: de filosofia, de psicologia, de história, de religião e algo mais. Entretanto, descobri que o cura da aldeia dos anos sessenta era um ávido leitor que sublinhava e comentava o que lia, um homem organizado que registava todas as entradas e saídas de dinheiro, até encontrei um pequeno diário onde regista o dia de Março de 62 onde levou o meu pai de carro para Lisboa para ir apanhar o avião para Luanda onde, como regente agrícola, iria trabalhar no algodão de Malange e estar perto da namorada.
Tenho saudades do meu tio… e sim, acredito que ele tinha consciência do milagre que realizava em todas as missas.
Nash Equilibrium and Mongo
segunda-feira, novembro 27, 2023
"vai passar a ter mais cuidado"
Já por várias vezes escrevi aqui que os governantes não são mais nem menos que os governados, são uma emanação directa, são iguais.
Ao ver isto:
domingo, novembro 26, 2023
Ciência podre
Nos tempos do Covid tinhamos nos extremos os críticos acéfalos e os apoaintes acéfalos da ciência.
Ainda me lembro de me venderem que os vacinados não apanhavam Covid...
Adiante!
"However, my advisor had a different view: The paper had been published in a top management journal by three prominent scholars… To her, it was inconceivable to simply disregard this paper.
I felt trapped: She kept insisting, for more than a year, that I had to build upon the paper… but I had serious doubts about the trustworthiness of the results. I didn’t suspect fraud: I simply thought that the results had been “cherry picked”. At the end of my third year into the program (i.e., in 2018), I finally decided to openly share with her my concerns about the paper. I also insisted that given how little we knew about networking discomfort, and given my doubts about the soundness of CGK 2014, it would be better to start from scratch and launch an exploratory study on the topic.
Her reaction was to vehemently dismiss my concerns, and to imply that I was making very serious accusations. I was stunned: Either she was unaware of the “replication crisis” in psychology (showing how easy it is to obtain false-positive results from questionable research practices), or she was aware of it but decided to ignore it. In both cases, it was a clear signal that it was time for me to distance myself from this supervisor.
...
The story so far is very banal. I, a (very) early-career researcher, took a deep dive into a famous paper and discovered inconsistencies. These stories always start with “that’s odd…”, “it doesn’t make any sense…”, or “there is something off here…”. Then, I second-guessed myself, a lot. After all, the authors are famous, serious people; and the paper is published in a prestigious peer-reviewed journal. So I thought “I must have misunderstood,” “I must be missing a part of the puzzle,” “it was probably addressed during the peer review process”… Then, as I finally grew more confident that the issues were real and substantial, I decided to write about them.
What should happen then (if science were, as many people like to say, “self-correcting”) is that, after a peer-review of some form, my criticism would get printed somewhere, and the field would welcome my analysis the same way it welcomes any other paper: Another brick in the wall of scientific knowledge.
As revealed in the New Yorker piece, this is not at all what happened. The three members of my committee (who oversaw the content of my dissertation) were very upset by this criticism. They never engaged with the content: Instead, they repeatedly suggested that a scientific criticism of a published paper had no place in a dissertation."
O artigo impressiona e faz pensar na quantidade de professores e investigadores em Economia que publicam artigos científicos enquanto louvam a economia da Venezuela, a Coreia do Norte e Cuba.
Trechos retirados de "A Post Mortem on the Gino Case".
Recordar "Sou um cândido ingénuo"
sábado, novembro 25, 2023
Nó Górdio - farmácias, falta o resto
Desfazer o Nó Górdio era um puzzle que derrotou muitos até que Alexandre o cortou com um golpe de espada.
Em 2008 - Um caminho para a farmácia do futuro?
Em 2023 - Por que engonhamos tanto? Sim, sobre a farmácia do futuro.
Ontem no semanário Expresso, "As farmácias como extensão dos cuidados primários":
"Aliviar a sobrecarga do Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS) e aumentar o acesso dos doentes são objetivos centrais de Fernando Araújo, o homem que segura o leme de um SNS que há muito navega em águas agitadas. O plano do diretor-executivo para recuperar o sistema inclui a reorganização dos serviços, mas também a inclusão das farmácias como uma extensão dos cuidados de saúde primários.
...
"Se pudermos ter um farmacêutico comunitário que esteja habilitado a fazer o diagnóstico e a prescrever o antibiótico para uma infeção urinária, resolve 90% dos casos", exemplifica.
...
A "revolução" que os profissionais consideram estar em curso não é uma ideia original portuguesa, mas inspirada em modelos que têm sido aplicados em países como a Escócia."
Passo seguinte serão os hospitais privados ao serviço do SNS.
sexta-feira, novembro 24, 2023
A esperteza do feitor
Recordo
Estamos no tempo do admnistrador astuto - Lucas 16, 1-15
— Carlos P da Cruz 🇺🇦🚜🇳🇱🇬🇪🇮🇱 (@ccz1) November 9, 2023
quinta-feira, novembro 23, 2023
Canários na mina
Há dias citei:
"A boa notícia é que vamos assistir à morte das empresas zombie dependentes de taxas de juro artificialmente baixas"
Agora, começo a reparar outros canários na mina.
Por exemplo, no FT de ontem em "The looming threat of fiscal crises" Martin Wolf escreve:
"It is unquestionable that public debt has reached high levels by past standards.
...
So, is public debt disaster looming? If so, will there be defaults, inflation, financial repression (forcible attempts to keep debt cheap), or some combination of all three? If none of these is to happen, what must be done?
...
If governments are going to avoid the risks of a debt explosion and are also not going to resort to surprise inflation or financial repression, they will have to tighten what are mostly still ultra-loose fiscal policies. But will they dare to do so in ageing societies, with slowly growing economies and expanding defence burdens?"
Por exemplo, no WSJ de ontem em "Interest Payments Are Walloping Government Budgets":
"The world spent the past decade-plus taking advantage of rock-bottom interest rates to binge on debt. An unprecedented bill is coming due.
Governments are expected to spend a net $2 trillion paying interest on their debt this year as higher interest rates make borrowing more expensive, up more than 10% from 2022, according to an analysis of International Monetary Fund data by research consulting firm Teal Insights and a separate analysis by Fitch Ratings. By 2027, it could top $3 trillion, Teal Insights says. The surge in interest costs leaves governments with difficult choices."
Como li há dias no Twitter, sempre que o PS "foge" do governo... é um sinal de que tempos negros se avizinham.
quarta-feira, novembro 22, 2023
After "Pinto da Costa"
"Having a CEO around for a long time is often thought to provide a company with consistency. But it can also store up problems, according to new research.
Academics looking into the fall-out from a CEO with a long tenure find that it can "harm" performance, even after they are replaced.
Statistical analysis by a team of academics finds that it appears hard to maintain performance after a long-standing CEO has moved on. There are also higher costs involved with the "clean-up"— restructuring and write offs-after veteran chief executives have departed."
Trecho retirado de "Long-standing CEOs can leave a legacy of trouble for boards"
terça-feira, novembro 21, 2023
"Why People Resist Change"
segunda-feira, novembro 20, 2023
"Por isso mesmo, não andemos a dormir como os outros, mas estejamos vigilantes e sóbrios."
Recordar 1Ts 5, 1-6
"The autumn picture is both clear and gloomy. Europe's CFOs see a challenging winter ahead. Inflation is still elevated and interest rates at levels that are, historically, normal rather than particularly high, but from the rock bottom, near-zero rates of the previous decade and a half. Consumers are struggling with spiralling costs, and CFOs face the same problem: they too are now focusing on major efforts to reduce costs - rather than planning to invest, hire staff and expand. As was the case last autumn, when the Ukraine conflict brought Europe the threat of energy shortages, CFOs are uneasy about the winter that lies ahead and about the risks to economic growth. Their mindset is therefore cautious.
With generative Al, many see the potential to help them reduce costs and improve their business performance in general. Yet, most are still in preparation mode. If competitors find benefits in using generative Al and steal a march on them, they will be swift to join the new trend - provided they can find staff with the knowledge required. If generative Al expands rapidly, competition for the respective skills will become intense....But the worsening in Europe’s current economic picture and its prospects is reflected in a reinforcement of the shift in CFOs’ strategic priorities that began to be evident a year ago—they are focusing on cost reduction. This shift to a defensive strategy is easy to understand: Europe’s CFOs, just like its consumers, are responding to the cost-of-living crisis by tightening their belts."