"Not so very long ago, almonds were grown in a number of places in America and across the world. But some places are better than others for growing almonds, and as with most production contexts, there are economies of scale to consolidation. In this case, the Central Valley of California is perfect—totally perfect—for growing almonds. Consequently, over 80 percent of the world’s almonds are now produced in this one valley. This is what agricultural scientists would call a monoculture, and they are a common outcome in systems that maximize efficiency. A factory produces a single product, a single company dominates an industry, a single piece of software dominates computer systems. We remove unhelpful inefficiencies and get more productive.Dois temas:
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But with that high efficiency comes an inherent vulnerability to shocks, with potentially catastrophic results: one extreme local event—a wind-swept fire, say, or a pernicious virus—could wipe out 80 percent of global almond production all at once. And there are knock-on effects. All of the almond blossoms need to be pollinated in the same narrow window of time, because all the almond trees grow in the same soil and experience the same weather. The huge volume of simultaneous pollination necessitates shipping in beehives from all over America for the short pollination window. There is an epidemic of honeybees dying in America, creating concerns about the US honeybee population’s ability to pollinate the wide variety of plants that need the bees’ busy work. One theory for the elevated honeybee mortality rates is that beehives are trucked around America for these monoculture pollinations like never before, and that this is stressful for the bees.
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Rather than producing resilient ecosystems, our obsession with efficiency proxies is producing fragile monocultures, potentially vulnerable to catastrophic failure. No doubt the monocultures are efficient in a narrow sense, but that efficiency has a dark side."
- o risco das monoculturas; e
- como fugir à guerra da eficiência?
"Os chamados cereais btp (baixo teor de pesticidas) têm como finalidade a produção de baby food. O nosso país tem condições climatéricas e de solos que permitem a produção em condições competitivas deste tipo de cereal, que tem um valor de mercado superior ao do trigo panificável corrente. A produção nacional representa 25% das necessidades do mercado interno.E voltando ao texto inicial sobre a produção intensiva de amêndoas? Reparar neste exemplo, "To Protect its Supply, Kind Speaks for the Bees", como as conservas de atum que ostentam a certificação quanto aos métodos de captura.
A cadeia de valor tem dois clientes principais, a Nestlé e a Danone, e a procura tem aumentado. Trigo e cevada são os principais cereais btp, com um prémio associado de +30 €/t, mas a certificação é obrigatória para comercializar junto da indústria."(fonte)
Recordo Malcolm Gladwell no seu livro extraordinário livro (adjectivo atribuido de forma consciente) "David & Goliath":
"Why has there been so much misunderstanding around that day in the Valley of Elah? On one level, the duel reveals the folly of our assumptions about power. The reason King Saul is skeptical of David's chances is that David is small and Goliath is large. Saul thinks of power in terms of physical might. He doesn't appreciate that power can come in other forms as well - in breaking rules, in substituting speed and surprise for strength. Saul is not alone in making this mistake."A concorrência imperfeita passa por esta capacidade de quebrar as regras cristalizadas nas mentes dos incumbentes.
O preço não é a única forma de competir!