Cover the Canvas

Ao desenvolver e implementar um sistema de gestão da qualidade não gosto de perder muito tempo com a versão inicial da documentação que descreve o funcionamento dos processos.

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Não por que não veja valor nesses documentos, mas por que acredito que demasiado investimento à procura da versão inicial ideal retira ímpeto, retira momentum ao projecto. Por outro lado, ao concluir rapidamente a documentação limita-se, traça-se uma fronteira em torno do projecto... até lá, há sempre uma sensação de algo incerto, algo difuso, não se conhece onde acaba o trabalho. Por outro lado, assim que acaba a cartografia rápida, podem-se iniciar as auditorias no terreno e, a partir daí, aparecerão sucessivas versões mais completas, mais adequadas.

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Ontem, deparei com este texto que explica a metodologia que sigo de forma muito mais clara "Cover the Canvas":

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"Why Cover the Canvas works

The genius of this conception is twofold. First, we discover that the strongpoints we’ve bypassed often melt away by themselves. Second, once we’ve reached our objective, however shakily, the enemy frequently gives up. He can’t believe we’re on his doorstep. He waves the white flag.

Our enemy as artists is Resistance. If we make the mistake in our first draft of playing perfectionist, if we agonize over syntax and take a week to finish Chapter One, by the time we’ve reached Chapter Four, we’ll have hit the wall. Resistance will beat us.

But if we can stay nimble and keep advancing, slapping paint on the canvas and words on the page till we’ve got something that works from east to west and north to south, however imperfectly, then we’re like Mattis’ Marines on the threshold of Baghdad. True, we’ve got plenty more fighting to do, but at least we’re here. We’ve got something we can work with."

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Podemos recordar "O sentido de urgência é um must"

Bandeira ou algo mais?

O que se pretende com a certificação do sistema de gestão da qualidade de uma organização? Uma bandeira ou algo mais?

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De vez em quando encontro empresas certificadas com objectivos da qualidade que não passam de treta, são genéricos, infantis e nada têm a ver com o negócio.

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"2. Auditing quality objectives
Auditors need to verify that the organization’s overall quality objectives have been defined, that they reflect the quality policy, are substantially coherent, aligned and compatible with the overall business objectives, including customer expectations. (Moi ici: Treta, quantas vezes deparo com empresas certificadas e com objectivos da qualidade da treta, objectivos sem qualquer relação com o negócio) If this is not the case, the auditors should further evaluate Top Management commitment to quality. (Moi ici: LOL)
The fulfilment of quality objectives needs to be measurable and documented.
There is no specified way of identifying or documenting quality objectives, as these may appear through business plans, management review outputs, annual budgets, etc. It is up to the auditors to satisfy themselves that the objectives are adequately documented.
The auditors should obtain evidence of the way the quality objectives are suitably cascaded throughout the organization’s structure and processes, linking the general strategic objectives to management objectives and down to specific operational activities. (Moi ici:LOL, brincamos. Até parece que muitos auditores de terceira parte não conhecem estas linhas de orientação)
It is recommended that the documented quality objectives should be examined at the
documentation review stage of the audit.
Before the end of the audit, the auditors have to satisfy themselves that the quality objectives are realistic and relevant, and that the organization has assigned to responsible personnel the resources needed to meet their objectives. Evidence of this should be obtained at all levels of the organization.
Quality objectives are not static and need to be updated in the light of the current business climate and the quest for continual improvement. Auditors should verify that the overall performance of the organization reflects the aims of the quality policy and reasonably meets the quality objectives.
Auditors should keep in mind that the fulfilment of objectives can be measured in a quantitative or qualitative manner. They should also remember that there is a clear link between the dynamic aspects of revising the quality policy and the quality objectives and the commitment of the organization to continual improvement."

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Trecho retirado de "ISO 9001 Auditing Practices Group Guidance on: Auditing Quality Policy, Quality Objectives and Management Review"

A acontecer... será um autêntico day of reckoning

"Legal noose tightens on Europe's monetary union":

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"Contrary to general belief, Germany’s eurosceptic professors have not abandoned their legal efforts to block the EU rescues for European banks exposed to Greek debt, and since May 7 for banks exposed to debt from Spain, Portugal, and Ireland as well.

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Should they succeed, of course, the eurozone risks disintegration within days, and perhaps hours. I am not sure that investors in New York, London, Tokyo, Beijing, or indeed Frankfurt quite understand this."

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Alguém quer fornecer um modelo alternativo que explique estas observações?

Factos:

• Os salários alemães (parte Ocidental) entre 2002 e 2007 subiram 9%; (daqui)
• Os custos unitários do trabalho na Alemanha, durante a primeira década do século XXI subiram 20% menos que na Europa do Sul; (daqui)
• Os preços no produtor, na Alemanha, durante a primeira década do século XXI tiveram esta evolução: (daqui)
• Exportações alemãs de vento em poupa e desemprego a baixar (daqui)

Entretidos com folhetins nacionais socialistas

Todos contra a Telefónica...

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Entretanto a dura realidade continua a minar os alicerces onde assenta este estado de coisas:

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"EMU break-up risks global deflation shock that would dwarf Lehman collapse, warns ING"

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"Breakup of single currency would blight Europe, says Dutch bank Ing"

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"Spain’s sand-castle exposure"

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Produtividade e salários ou O jogo do gato e do rato (parte VI)

"Setting aside whether or not such programs would be effective, an implicit assumption is that higher productivity will turn into higher wages. However, although this relationship was once fairly solid -- changes in productivity translated into real wage gains -- it has not held up in recent decades. The growth in wages has lagged behind the growth in productivity:
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productivity growth is supposed to yield improved economic outcomes via higher real wages. Yet ... labor's share of output has been steadily decreasing since the early 1980s. This downward trend was interrupted by gains evident during the tech bubble of the mid-1990s. Apparently, only during that brief, shining moment of generational technological change did the productivity story work as we believe it should, at least since the early 1980's.

Gains in productivity won't work the wonders described above if they don't translate into gains in real income for the working class. The fact that wages are not keeping up with productivity, something that should happen when markets function well, indicates something is awry in the distribution of gains in the economy. The cause of this is the source of much controversy, and some say nothing is awry at all -- it's just that the "skill premium" has increased substantially causing the distribution of income to become more skewed. But some of the highest rewards for increases in productivity went to people in the financial industry, and we know now that those productivity gains weren't really there -- the rewards were based on an illusion rather than something real. And I don't think the change in the skill premium is the whole story in any case. The reduction in the ability of labor to bargain on an equal footing with employers due to the decline in unions and other forces also played an important role in holding down real wages in recent decades." (daqui)

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Voltemos à figura:

Antigamente, o aumento da produtividade acontecia sobretudo à custa da diminuição dos custos, do aumento da eficiência. No entanto, nesse tempo, não só a concorrência não era tão forte e tão omnipresente, como a globalização não tinha chegado aos Low-Cost-Manufacturing-Countries (LCMC). Assim, nesses tempos, os ganhos de produtividade podiam ser distribuídos entre o capital e o trabalho de forma mais equitativa.

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Ainda, nesses tempos, como se pode aprender no livro "The Lords of Strategy" de Walter Kiechel III o mundo competitivo era muito mais infantil, mais naíve e carregado de mistério (na linha do que Roger Martin define no seu livro "The Design of Business")

Hoje, o que antes era um mistério, foi traduzido, e transformado em linhas de código de um qualquer algoritmo.

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Assim, hoje, perante um excesso de capacidade produtiva e perante a inexistência de mistérios, é a própria sobrevivência das empresas que é posta em causa ao canalizar as magras e raquíticas décimas de ponto percentual de aumento da produtividade para salários. Basta atentar nesta série recente "O jogo do gato e do rato" (especial a parte IV e a parte I, com a tirada do ministro TdS.)

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Voltando à primeira figura deste postal... quem me conhece já sabe qual a receita que proponho para vencer este paradoxo... fujam da guerra dos custos que só vos levará à anorexia da Red Queen.

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Só a concentração na criação de valor, só a concentração no numerador da equação da produtividade permitirá compensar melhor os trabalhadores, sem pôr em causa a competitividade das empresas.

Começar pelo fim!!!

Há muito que defendo neste blogue o começar pelo fim, o começar pelo ponto de chegada. O que fazemos é instrumental, é o que nos faz chegar ao porto ambicionado. Por isso, já escrevemos, por exemplo: "Formação de auditores que começa pelo fim"; "Mais uma vez - Começar pelo fim é precioso!"; e sobretudo "Mais uma vez e sempre: Começar pelo fim!!!".

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Mais uma achega para defesa desta abordagem "Start At The End":

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"I’ve just finished a really interesting book, The Sinai Campaign by Moshe Dayan, the great Israeli general. Dayan, facing the Egyptian army in 1956, did the same thing Stallone did. He worked backwards from the end. He figured out what the Israeli Defense Forces needed to accomplish, politically as well as militarily, to extricate themselves from a dangerous situation (Egyptian terrorism, a blockade of the straits of Tiran, etc.) Then he figured out what actions were necessary to get to that place.

Another way to look at this principle is to think of it in terms of leadership. What service does a leader perform? A leader defines the goal. (In writing terms, he figures out the climax of the story; in biz terms, he articulates where the organization wants to go.) Then he turns to his colleagues and says, “Okay, ladies and gentlemen, figure out how to get us there.”

For us, as artists and entrepreneurs, we have to be the leader and the working stiffs. Part of us has to define the goal–what’s the finish? what’s the climax? where do we want this train to end up? The other part has to figure out what specific actions we need to take to get us there.

I’m not saying Start At The End is the only way to do this. But it’s a sound principle that applies across a whole range of disciplines. Work back-to-front. It works."

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Para quem nunca experimentou, um conselho: Tentem!!!

E o que tem sido a economia portuguesa favorecida pelo centralismo dos governos?

"But let's be honest here. Nothing is being stimulated. All that's happening is that the government is taking over more and more of the economy, so as to keep more and more of it "moving" by centralized dictat. If that's the goal, then so be it, but to think that somehow demand is magically being created is silly."
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"Let's Be Honest About What "Stimulated Demand" Really Means"

Este polvo chamado Paul

É uma metáfora muito boa para usar nas empresas que 'inventam' demasiado criando relações de causa-efeito mirabolantes, só para justificar o injustificável.

Por que a abordagem por processos é fundamental

"No one diet idea is free of flaws or drawbacks. The best diet for you is the one you will stick to.
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Your firm needs to debate the following questions if you really want to pursue this or any other strategic goal:

• Which “diet,” if integrated into the normal running of the firm, would actually get us to perform at the level required to achieve the benefits we seek?
• Which would we be prepared to adopt as a central part of our regular lifestyle?
• If we don’t like any of these diets, can we think of another that will have as much force as these, but that we could live with more easily?

If there is no specific diet that all your people can agree to follow, then you must conclude that you are not really willing or able to pursue that strategic goal.
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If all business improvement is like curing a fat smoker or helping an alcoholic recover, then what actually motivates people and organizations to change?
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We all know the main thing that works: a major crisis! (Moi ici: A velha burning platform... a grande criador do sentido de urgência)
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A major source of failure in implementing sensible business strategies is that we underestimate how much effort is truly required to bring about significant improvement. Individuals and organizations frequently fail to incorporate the new activities into their dayli lives. Strategic actions are viewed as special, separate events rather than regular business activities. In other words, there’s real life, and then there’s the diet. (Moi ici: As acções estratégicas, as iniciativas estratégicas, são projectos, são transientes, são eventos especiais. É fundamental incorporar, embeber, as mudanças trazidas pelas iniciativas naquilo que é permanente, naquilo que é a rotina, nos processos. Ou seja, a abordagem por processos.)
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Viewed that way, all improvement programs are doomed to failure. As my trainer has pointed out, you don’t really get the sustained benefits of exercise until it has become as routine and is as natural as brushing your teeth and taking a shower each day.
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Anything less than that will jeopardize any short-term gains you may obtain with bursts of activity. It’s about routines, not special events."

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BTW, sempre que os governos falam de austeridade e PECs é possível visualizar mudanças nos hábitos e nos comportamentos? Ou não são antes suspensões temporárias do regabofe, ou não são antes um "suster a respiração" por momentos até que se possa voltar a respirar em força.

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Eheheh... a densidade, o substrato de quem gere este país é tão superficial como a camada de húmus no deserto do Saara. Há um ano os líderes de Banco de Portugal queriam aumentar-se em 5%... lembram-se?

Trecho retirado de "Strategy and the Fat Smoker" de David Maister

Jorge Sampaio é um aprendiz de ilusionista

Tem medo do desemprego que quer minorar, apoiando as empresas existentes em dificuldades, a manutenção do nível de investimento (eufemismo usado por políticos para gastos sem retorno positivo). Em simultâneo, quer que a nova estrutura produtiva apareça do nada sem mais nem menos.

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Enfim, mais um que gosta das renováveis às segundas, terças e quartas e protesta contra as tarifas da electricidade às quintas, sextas e sábado.

TGV em Espanha

Acerca do TGV em Espanha, é de ler os comentários no Facebook de Edward Hugh e este texto "About AVE (Spanish High-Speed Trains)"

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Por cá vamos no mesmo deboche de endividamento.

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"The cost of the AVE project so far comes to about 50 billion euros. The passenger/kilometre ratio is 2.8 (compare 41.5 in France). The yearly maintenance cost is between 28,000 and 33,000 euros/km. When all the projected lines have been built and are operational, the maintenance costs will run to some 120 million euros a year. (Moi ici: Ah! São Lucas....) According to the International Union of Railways (UIC), an average of 6 million passengers are needed for any line just to cover its maintenance costs: the most successful one so far in Spain (Barcelona-Madrid) carries around 5 million passengers a year, and the Madrid-Seville line just over 3 million. The US Secretary of Transportation, Ray LaHood, was very impressed when he came to Spain to gather information about a possible high-speed train project in America. Until he saw the bill. His comment: “You guys are rich. We can’t afford anything like this.”

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Is PowerPoint a media?

Excelente ajuda à reflexão

Comparações...

Por cá mandam-nos comer sopa... quanto é que descontamos para a Segurança Social (esse esquema Ponzi montado para servir a geração maio de 68 até ao fim)? E quanto é que descontam os empregadores?

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É comparar com as percentagens na Alemanha... "Alemães passam a descontar 8,2% do salário para a Saúde"

A lógica da filosofia das SCUTs

Já repararam que um dos truques que os compradores profissionais aprendem é o de considerar a minimização do custo do produto a adquirir não no acto da compra mas ao longo do ciclo de vida do produto.

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Assim, são capazes de pagar mais no acto de compra de um produto porque sabem que ao longo do ciclo de vida desse produto esse excesso vai ser mais do que compensado.

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Não é exactamente o contrário da filosofia sobre a qual assentam as SCUTS?

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Paga-se menos no acto de compra e muito mais ao longo do ciclo de vida do produto?

Vale a pena recuar a Setembro de 2007

Setembro de 2007, ainda nem se sabia que existia um banco chamado Northern Rock (BTW, solid as a rock, pois).

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Já na altura aqui se falava de SCUTS e do Evangelho de São Lucas "Evangelho segundo São Lucas 14, 25-33"

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O ministro Pinho e os seus próximos ainda navegavam num mundo que já não existia, ele é que ainda não sabia.

Culture eats strategy for lunch

Mais um interessante postal de Spinek "Spot The Northwest Flight Attendant" e, é tão fácil a gestão ficar cega a esta realidade.

"Do Differentiation Differently"

Os clientes não são abstracções estatísticas, são entidades únicas, entidades concretas.

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Um cliente não é um segmento.

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"I always look (metaphorically) into my customer's eyes and formulate virtual questions."
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Seteve Yastrow recorda e reforça esta tese com o postal "Do Differentiation Differently":

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"Your customer doesn't really care if you are different. But he will be blown away if he sees that you think he is different.
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Most marketing and sales theory doesn't approach customers in this way. We talk about target markets and demographics, which, instead of recognizing what makes each customer unique, is a way of grouping customers by what makes them similar. We talk about product positioning and unique selling propositions, which is all about us and only incidentally about the customer.
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Flip your thinking around. Focus on differentiating your customers.
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Take Notice
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Put your customer hat on: How much effort do companies expend telling you about themselves vs. the amount of time they spend trying to learn what makes you different? Are there companies that demonstrate that they understand what makes you unique, by interacting with you in a way that is singular and relevant only to you? How do you feel about these companies, relative to those that clump you together with the rest of the "target market?""

We are here

"Once the voting franchise of the West reached the point where those who sought benefits outweighed those who created benefits, the tipping point was reached. The situation of de facto “class warfare” thus emerges automatically under such circumstances, and the envy of those who take against those who provide erupts into “rights” and “entitlement”. By deifying “democracy” above justice, the enfranchised non-producers could always outvote the producers. We are at this point. The result can only be collapse, or restructuring around a Cæsar or a Bonaparte until, eventually, a productive hierarchy reappears, usually after considerable pain."
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Texto retirado daqui: "Guest Post: The New Civil Wars Within The West"

Melhoria contínua vs inovação

Ontem, numa empresa que se distingue pela aposta na inovação, ao discutirmos o texto das suas prioridades estratégicas, pesava-se a eventual incompatibilidade entre inovação e melhoria contínua.

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Interessante que hoje tenha dado de caras com este artigo "The seduction of routine (and other obstacles to spotting opportunities)":

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"“Routine,” according to the English philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, “is the god of every social system.” Standardizing an ad hoc process-from cooking hamburgers at McDonalds to assembling cars at Toyota-increases efficiency, reduces waste, and paves the way for continuous improvement. During the past sixty years, a series of process management tools, including total quality management and lean manufacturing, have spread rapidly. These tools all aim to identify defects, such as burnt Big Macs or defective radios in a Camry. Six sigma, and similar techniques, make perfect sense for improving high volume activities such as fast food preparation and manufacturing, where deviations annoy customers. Striving for zero defects in all activities, however, discourages experimentation and hampers learning. More subtly, it dulls sensitivity to anomalies, which are coded as as defects to be eliminated rather than clues to be explored. Process management has its place-typically the factory or the back office-but an obsessive devotion to routinization devalues the incongruities and serendipity that often signal opportunities."