Curiosidade do dia

"Gillette boss: Alienating some consumers with #metoo campaign was a price worth paying" e "Nonshavers, rivals bleeding Gillette as P&G takes $8B writedown".

Democratização da produção (Parte VI)

Parte I, Parte II, Parte III, Parte IV e Parte V.

Um bom remate final para esta série passa pelo artigo "Patient-innovators fill gaps that industry hasn’t addressed — or can’t":

"Here’s a long-held assumption that’s ripe for a challenge: Valuable improvements in health and patient care should come from experts in the pharmaceutical, medical device, and related industries.
.
There’s no question that such professionals are essential for innovation. But our research shows that patient-innovators also have important roles to play and will fill significant gaps that industry hasn’t addressed — or can’t. [Moi ici: E volto ao exemplo da Deutsch Post e da sua carrinha eléctrica]
...
To understand what drives patient-innovators like these and the challenges they face, we worked with colleagues around the world to conduct nationally representative surveys in six countries. We also had face-to-face discussions with groups of collaborating patient-innovators.
.
One of the big surprises from this work was how many people have embarked on journeys of medical innovation: as many as one million people in the six countries surveyed reported having developed medically related products for personal use.[Moi ici: E vai ser cada vez mais fácil, barato e natural experimentar]
.
What drives most patient-innovators is the realization that something they want or need isn’t commercially available."

A fazer-me recuar mais de 12 anos e procurar esta citação:

"In 1970, 5% of global patents were issued to small entrepeneurs, while today the number is around one-third and rising."

E confrontar com:

"In addition to fulfilling a personal need, patient-innovators are also attracted by the learning they gain from the process and from sharing their innovations with people with similar needs. In short, it is a highly self-rewarding endeavor." 

Se não fosse esta disponibilidade para partilhar, os "small entrepreneurs" ainda tinham um peso muito maior no número de patentes.

Democratização da produção (Parte V)

Parte I, Parte II, Parte III e Parte IV.

"Companies have intuitively known for many years that product personalization was an inevitable progression of modern manufacturing. Indeed, the concept of mass customization, which has been around for a few decades, is an early, even primitive, attempt to implement a more personalized manufacturing and service environment and respond better to customers.
...
Technological advances and digital developments are emerging and spreading throughout the manufacturing environment so quickly that point-of-demand production is inevitable in virtually every industry; indeed, it’s already being implemented. Eventually this will lead to cars made by companies like Local Motors — but also Toyota, Honda, and GM [Moi ici: Isto é tão LOL. Como é que organizações dedicadas ao vómito industrial vão-se adaptar a serem alfaites e costureiras. Come on!] — being self-designed by adventurous consumers and built on 3D printers. And as customers taste the benefits of real product personalization, they will demand more of it, driving higher margins to companies that are equipped for customization and forcing all manufacturers to develop those capabilities if they hope to survive. In the end, companies that are prepared for the point-of-demand manufacturing phenomenon will thrive. But they must begin now to rethink their long-term manufacturing strategies and to implement the processes, systems, and technologies that will completely alter the way they interact with customers, make production decisions, establish factory footprints, and compete in their industries."

Trechos retirados de "Manufacturing’s new world order - The rise of the point-of-demand model"

"begin with understanding the true customer experience. Who are the customers and users?"

"A business strategy is the management’s game plan for strengthening the performance of the enterprise, including creating the business model and identifying the main customer target audience.
...
I now promote the idea that the brand strategy comes first, and the business strategy or plan, including goals of performance and the business model, comes second.
...
an enterprise must address these wider and underlying customer needs, and come up with an idea, a concept and a customer experience that leads to a high level of customer acceptance. This acceptance, enthusiasm and loyalty results in a long-term relationship between the customer and the brand of the enterprise.
...
begin with understanding the true customer experience. Who are the customers and users? What are their deeper needs? How do you ensure your customer experience has less friction and is more enjoyable when compared with existing alternatives? And how would that be perceived as different? Only when you understand the customer experience can you consider the technology and, finally or in parallel, look at how to combine the whole thing into a business with a good, smart business model."

Trechos retirados de "Brand Strategy Before Business Strategy"

"The paradox of focusing on a niche"

Os trechos que seguem devem ser lidos tendo em conta o que se tem escrito neste blogue ao longo dos anos sobre a necessidade de subir na escala de valor, sobre a necessidade de trabalhar para nichos, sobre a necessidade de não querer ser tudo para todos

“While it may seem counterintuitive to focus your marketing and trust-building efforts on a small and specific group of people, there are benefits to doing so. The more specific you are with who your products or services are for, the more you can build trust with that particular audience. The paradox of focusing on a niche is that the more specific you are, the easier it is to sell to that group and the more likely it is that you can charge a premium for being that focused. With that kind of focus in mind, you can get to know the specifics of your niche better, learn how to serve customers more effectively, and build a reputation for yourself in that smaller niche.
...
Alex Beauchamp, former head of content at Airbnb, said that she never wants any content she works on to “go viral.” She doesn’t want to ever be on the hook for making that happen. Moreover, going viral is often what happens with a business that, not understanding who its intended audience is, tries to appeal to pretty much everyone. If you want a piece of content for your business to generate a billion views, you probably don’t understand the purpose of that content or whom it was really created for. Engagement and connection with your niche are more important and far less costly to generate.
...
trust is more important than virality when it comes to content.
...
education is a better and cheaper way to build your customer base. When you teach customers about how products like yours can be used or can benefit their own businesses or lives, trust is the natural outcome.
...
If your business becomes a source of information, you’re giving your customers what they need to make their own informed decision (even if they decide not to buy from your business).”

Trechos retirados de "Company of One: Why Staying Small is the Next Big Thing for Business" de Paul Jarvis.

Curiosidade do dia

Os jogos de tabuleiro são autênticas lições de vida. pic.twitter.com/AJIKDuDEDy

— Emigrante dos que estão lá fora no estrangeiro (@pedegancho) July 29, 2019

Comparar esta resposta "Brain drain claimed 1.7 million youths. So this country is scrapping its income tax" com a abordagem portuguesa "Falta de mão-de-obra? Portugal precisa de imigrantes, diz Bloomberg".

A Polónia age assim:

"A new law that comes into effect in Poland this week will scrap income tax for roughly 2 million young workers."

Portugal age assim:

"O país precisa de “atrair imigrantes qualificados para as necessidades da economia portuguesa”"

Depois admiramos-nos com "Para nós, as golas inflamáveis; para os outros, IRS a 20% /premium":

"Na mesma semana em que o país descobriu que as golas da Protecção Civil não só eram inflamáveis mas socialistas, o governo alargou a lista das profissões que garantem uma taxa de IRS de 20% a estrangeiros ou a emigrantes que decidam mudar-se para cá. Não, nem toda a gente se pode queixar: sobretudo, aqueles que ainda estão para chegar a Portugal.
...
Em Portugal, a carga fiscal cresce desde a década de 90. Mas quando os  cidadãos se queixam dos impostos, os altifalantes do governo insistem que é só má vontade, porque a fiscalidade portuguesa seria baixa quando comparada com a do resto da Europa. Nem vale a pena explicar-lhes que, para o nível de desenvolvimento do país, não é, e que o esforço fiscal em Portugal é, pelo contrário, dos mais elevados (37% acima do alemão). Mas se os impostos directos em Portugal, segundo a maioria governamental, são tão ínfimos, por que razão é preciso criar uma “flat tax” de 20% para seduzir estrangeiros? Não deveria bastar como chamariz uma das tributações supostamente mais leves do continente?"

BTW, hoje é o primeiro dia de trabalho da minha filha mais velha na Suíça. Farta do saque normando nesta choldra que tem de ter dinheiro para pagar golas e padeiros. Uma decisão acertada e apoiada pela família.

Caro joão oliveira, os supermercado podem não fugir, mas os saxões sim.

A minha primeira lei sobre a concorrência?

Perante este tweet dei logo resposta:

O artigo é este, "O curioso caso dos patrões portugueses que não querem um mercado liberalizado" e para quem não conhece a 1ª Lei de Arroja:

"Primeira Lei Arroja da Concorrência: “A concorrência é boa e desejável em todos os sectores de actividade, excepto no nosso”

Pensar que as empresas são todas iguais... come on.

Recordar:

• A mentalidade socialista (não confundir com os partidos) (Maio de 2010)
• Politicamente incorrecto (Abril de 2014)
• Curiosidade do dia (Outubro de 2016)

Neste blogue há uma lei para as empresas grandes de um sector económico (2014):

"Recordar qual é a primeira lei,  quando uma empresa grande pretende livrar-se de concorrentes sem os comprar?
.
Aumentar as barreiras legais e regulamentares!"

Daqui (2010):

"Qual é a minha primeira lei sobre a concorrência? Quando um mercado está saturado, a primeira via para eliminar concorrência é aumentar as barreiras burocráticas," 

Uma lição sobre co-criação, ...

Em 2010 escrevemos "Mais uma sugestão de modelo de negócio" com base numa ideia tida pela primeira vez junto à barragem de Bemposta, enquanto ouvia na rádio as notícias sobre níveis de radioactividade elevados nos países escandinavos (depois descobrir-se-ia Chernobyl, Abril de 1986 portanto).

Em 2014 acrescentamos "O essencial é co-criar à medida de cada um, a sua experiência".

Agora, leio "Flyfishing and kayaking trips help L.L. Bean, Orvis sell more gear and attract more customers". Uma lição sobre co-criação, sobre parcerias, sobre desenvolvimento de experiências:

"It's all there when you arrive. The fishing gear, the boat, the waders, the guide that knows that one secret spot where the trout are sure to bite along the Madison River in Montana's Ruby Valley.
.
Orvis outdoor apparel and gear company has taken care of all of it — for $3,275. All you have to do is focus on the rhythm of your cast and the cool, clear water moseying by.
.
This is the vacation experience outdoor retailers and apparel companies are gunning for as they expand beyond merchandise into planning adventure trips and outdoor activity schools.
...
Education has long been a strategy for finding new customers for outdoor brands, which have offered low cost or even free programs for decades. The majority of vacationers either do no or very few outdoor activities in a given year on their trips, according to a 2018 study by market research company Mintel. Just 16% of people who went on a vacation in the past year did four or more outdoor activities on their trip and just 23% said they purchased equipment for a vacation.
...
By teaching people how to do new activities, the apparel and gear companies are expanding their customer pool.
.
"We start from a base of we want people to be interested and learn skills and learn those activities. Of course, once they do those activities, they fall in love with those activities, they become lifelong outdoors people, and then of course they start buying stuff," Smith said. "But it really starts from a pure place of wanting people to get outside and learn those skills and activities."

"The only way to really care is to have human beings who care"

"The marketing math is compelling. It’s obvious that the most highly-leveraged moment in every brand’s relationship with a customer is the moment when something goes wrong.
.
In that moment, when a promise was broken, the customer sees the true nature of the brand. We make up stories about the brands in our lives, but we believe that when the promise is broken we’re about to see the truth of that story.
...
The only way to really care is to have human beings who care (and to give them the authority and resources to demonstrate that.)
.
Once you’ve got that, it’s pretty easy to show that you do."

Sim, continuem a acreditar que a AI e a automatização vai ser o futuro em Mongo.
Sim, continuem a acreditar que as pessoas vão estar dispostas a comprar mais vómito industrial.
Sim, continuem a acreditar que basta pôr uns "warm bodies" sem formação e preparação a lidar na linha da frente com os clientes.
Sim, continuem a acreditar que os clientes quando lidam com a sua empresa estão tão prisioneiros como quando lidam com o estado e os seus serviços sem alternativa.
Pode ser que vos corra mal.

Trechos retirados de "Too big to care"

Democratização da produção (Parte IV)

Parte I, Parte II e Parte III.

Recordar "Quanto tempo?"

"Just as electrification did more than simply change the power source, leading companies to revamp their factory layouts, additive manufacturing will do more than increase flexibility and simplify assembly lines. It will allow for the overhaul of the industrial geography.
.
Because additive manufacturing doesn’t depend on economies of scale, as conventional manufacturing does, factories can be much smaller. [Moi ici: O que dizemos aqui há anos!] They can focus on local markets rather than global demand — and then take this production to a new level of customer responsiveness.
...
“Today, Jabil has over 100 factories throughout the world,” he said in an interview. “Ten years from now, we might have 1,000 factories — or 5,000 factories — all smaller, and each closer to where our end markets are and where people buy products. This would allow us to make products fully on demand, which is ultimately the most compelling aspect of 3D printing’s value proposition.
...
Instead of drawing from global supply chains, the local factories that Dulchinos envisions will make most of their parts in-house. They will also need fewer parts and less assembly, though they will always need feeder materials. Thus, 3D printers integrated with software platforms promise to make countries more self-reliant in manufacturing. Companies will depend less on the flow of goods across continents, which would limit the damage from trade disputes. And they will do all of this while better giving customers what they want, on demand.
.
Thanks to the versatility of later-stage Industry 4.0 production systems, these local factories will likely also make products across multiple industries. [Moi ici: Uma espécie de cooperativas ou makerspaces]
...
Each local factory will therefore serve customers across many product categories and beat its focused, single-industry rivals. This “pan-industrial” approach would give an already diversified company such as Jabil a major competitive advantage over focused rivals. If this progression continues, at some point in the not-too-distant future a typical retail store will consist of a showroom in front and a factory — managed by Jabil or others — in back. The store clerks would be like industrial consultants, conferring with customers and making products to order for them on the spot." [Moi ici: Proximidade para assegurar co-criação]

Trechos retirados de "Jabil’s manufacturing leap".

Are you prepared to walk the talk?

Ler sobre as preocupações ambientalistas da Zara e do grupo Inditex sem uma palavra acerca do seu modelo baseado no consumo atrás de consumo levou-me a escrever isto "Curiosidade do dia":

"Isto é muito interessante, mas se a Inditex está assim tão preocupada com o ambiente, quando é que muda o seu modelo de negócio baseado na fast-fashion: usar e deitar fora?"

Depois, citei em "Começar a revolução em casa":

"Each year approximately 350,000 tonnes of used clothing is sent to UK landfills but research suggests that this figure could be significantly reduced if wearers were actively and routinely to repair damaged clothes."

Agora descubro "Zara built a $20B empire on fast fashion. Now it needs to slow down":

"But as the fashion industry moves toward more eco-friendly practices, it’s worth asking: Can fast fashion ever really be sustainable?
...
But here’s the thing: Trendy clothes have a short shelf life. Case in point: Zara’s tie-dye pieces I referenced above are currently 30% to 50% off, in an effort to clear the inventory to make room for the next trend. One reason fashion is such a blight on the planet is that we’re simply consuming too much of it. The apparel industry produces more than 150 billion clothes every year for only 7 billion humans. Over the last 15 years, clothing production has doubled, and yet the average number of times a garment is worn before it is discarded has decreased by 36%. Many clothes are worn just seven to 10 times before they’re thrown out.
.
So if Zara wants to become more sustainable, it may need to rethink the design of its clothes, not just how they are manufactured.
...
Yet nowhere in its announcement did Inditex address the sheer volume of clothes it produces, nor its model of selling fashion-forward clothes at a fraction of the price of designer brands. In fact, it is working toward more and more growth. Over the last five years, its sales have grown between 4% and 10% every single year. While that’s good news for shareholders, it’s bad news for the planet. No matter how eco-friendly its supply chain becomes, producing more and more clothes comes at an environmental cost.
...
This kind of agility is one of Zara’s, and Inditex’s, biggest strengths. But right now, it is being deployed to create hot new looks that may not be in style in a few weeks or months. This is directly contributing to our overconsumption of clothes.
...
The most eco-friendly approach would be to create durable, classic clothes that the customer would wear for years before recycling."

Are you prepared to walk the talk?

Partilhar informação

Esta semana ouvi uma apresentação de um colega sobre o inbound marketing. Um slide, 5 minutos, um público difícil, mas saiu-se muito bem.

Já por várias vezes chamei a atenção para a desconexão entre as mensagens de uma organização e a sua estratégia. Por exemplo, em "A Natureza tem horror ao desperdício" escrevi:

"Quando um ginásio coloca pósteres de moças e moços a caminho de algum concurso de culturismo ou de beleza, está a apostar e a dizer ao mercado quem são os seus alvos e, ao mesmo tempo está a dizer aos seniores: nós não somos para vocês."

E qual é a demografia portuguesa? A de um país envelhecido:

E como é que os ginásios lidam com este envelhecimento?

Mal!

Daqui, "E quando o mundo muda", retirei esta figura:

Será que não há mercado para ginásios dedicados a uma fatia mais velha do mercado? Ou será que não há oferta dedicada a esses clientes-alvo?

Voltando ao inbound marketing, eis um exemplo do tipo de textos que podem ser desenvolvidos para começar a criar a aura de especialista no sector e, começar a atrair potenciais clientes e prescritores, "Physical Function and Aging"

Como escreve Paul Jarvis em "Company of One: Why Staying Small is the Next Big Thing for Business":

"Sharing content and information is an effective way to begin a sales process because it helps a potential customer see what they need, why they need it, and then how your products can help solve their problem.
...
The first is that creating a relationship with an audience that sees you as a teacher sets you up to be perceived as the domain expert on the subject matter. If you’re teaching an audience about legal issues on the internet each week in a newsletter, they’ll begin to trust your insights, and then, as happened with Brian, you’ll probably be the first person they think of when they need to hire someone to help them with legal issues.
The second benefit of out-teaching your competition is the chance to show an audience the benefits of what you’re selling."

Amadores a jogar bilhar

Outro exemplo de bilhar amador a ser praticado na assembleia da república.

Se forem pedir responsabilidades a quem aprovou a proibição do abate vão ouvir que a culpa desta situação é de quem não executou bem os planos. pic.twitter.com/octzIu1JWo

— Jorge Ventura (@joxventura) July 27, 2019

Recordar:

• Amadores a jogar bilhar (Junho de 2016)
• "Most thinking stops at stage one" (Julho de 2019)

But if trash comes in, trash comes out

Coincidência, ou conspiração?

Esta semana duas pessoas em dias diferentes, em cidades diferentes, recomendaram-me a leitura de "Factfulness". Quinta-feira, antes de apanhar camioneta entro numa livraria e apanho com este livro bem de frente.

"In poor countries what % of girls finish primary school? 20%, 40% or 60%?
.
What % of babies in the world under one year received a type of vaccine? 20%, 50% or 80%?
.
Today there are 2 billion children. According to the UN by 2100 the number will double, will it be 3 billion or equal?
.
If you have not answered all three questions always with the last hypothesis, you are wrong. If you didn’t get anyone right, you’re in “good” company: most CEOs, top NGO managers, highly trained medical professionals, etc. all, all of them respond worse than chimpanzees… (which responding at random would hit at least one answer – 33%)."

Pois:

"One cannot think well with wrong facts. Am I an excellent information processor? In quantity and speed? All right. But if trash comes in, trash comes out: garbage in, garbage out. How to draw right conclusions from wrong assumptions? This is what explains how 1) smart people 2) in powerful countries make catastrophic decisions where it would be best to be quiet." 

Curiosidade do dia

Para reflexão, só números:

Portugal, the path to nowhere:
-One of the highest government debts;
-One of the lowest investment levels;
-Gov expenditure at EU avg.
So: Gov spends like avg EU, not reducing debt, while investment at record low...
Despite this, Portugal/Costa&Centeno seen as a success case. pic.twitter.com/P1nOAWeXhb

— FBS 🇵🇹 🇮🇹 🇪🇺 (@filipebatsilv) July 25, 2019

Acerca dos genéricos

Recuar a 2012:

@Peliteiro Qd se começou a falar de genéricos fui um fâ desde o início. Agora, qt mais sei sobre o sector mais tenho receio

— Carlos P da Cruz (@ccz1) January 15, 2012

Recuar a 2010:

@Peliteiro Há 10 anos não pensaria 2 vezes e defenderia os genéricos. Agora, tenho cada vez mais dúvidas... I mean it

— Carlos P da Cruz (@ccz1) September 14, 2010

Por coisas como esta "Are Generic Drugs as Good as Name Brand?":

"What Dingle needed, though, wasn’t a higher dose of new generic medicine, but the effectiveness of the brand-name drug. “When I went to pick up the new dose, the pharmacist took a minute to look at my prescriptions, then confirmed that my levels had changed after I switched from Synthroid to generic,” Dingle says. “He said he had seen variations like this, not only when the prescription changed from Synthroid to generics but also between batches of generics.”
...
The active ingredient of the generic must have the same pharmacokinetics as the original drug, which means it must behave the exact same way and reach the same maximum dose in the blood on the appropriate dosing. If the active ingredient is indeed bioequivalent, the drug will likely be equally effective and safe as the original.
But there may be a cost to the cheaper route. A drug’s inactive ingredients (binders, fillers, detergents, dyes, antioxidants, and sugars, which pharmacists call excipients) aren’t subject to the same level of regulation and research as active ingredients. While additional ingredients aren’t allowed to affect how the drug functions in the body and must be proven as “safe” to the FDA, those inactive ingredients can vary widely between brand names and generics — and between generics themselves.
...
For some patients, generic medications can cause a number of adverse reactions, meaning a drug can compound health concerns instead of alleviating them. This is often linked to a person’s biology; for example, a lactose-intolerant patient who switches to a generic drug with a lactose-based excipient might experience stomach issues, which could in turn decrease drug absorption.
...
Which leads to another drug-related phenomenon: the “nocebo” effect. Studies show using generic drugs can cause an anti-placebo effect of worsening symptoms or problematic side effects."

Dastardlys

Dedicado aquelas empresas que vivem mais preocupadas com o que faz a concorrência do que em surpreender os clientes, do que em ganhar clientes, do que em subir na escala de valor, do que melhorar a eficiência.

When natural selection trumps sexual selection... pic.twitter.com/E4ne4izquL

— Steve Stewart-Williams (@SteveStuWill) July 26, 2019

Democratização da produção (Parte III)

Parte I e Parte II.

"The globalization manufacturing paradigms of the past few decades were primarily cost-cutting ventures built on traditional high-volume production schemes. Locating factories in regional hubs, typically in developing countries outside a manufacturer’s domestic market, was seen as a way to reduce labor expenses and form alliances with low-cost suppliers in these regions. And as long as the discount to operate in emerging nations was large enough to overcome logistics inefficiencies and time-to-market requirements, this approach was profitable and made perfect sense.
.
But a combination of trends is making this strategic approach obsolete — and is shifting value creation in production downstream toward customers and customization. For one thing, wage escalation in emerging nations and concerns about uncertain energy costs have eroded the perceived competitive advantage that multinationals sought from offshoring.
...
the growing importance of the “build where you sell” principle
...
More than anything, however, the rapidly morphing relationship between manufacturers and their consumers is at the heart of the point-of-demand revolution — and will have the most permanent impact on it. In all regions, but particularly in emerging nations as demand evolves and the middle class expands, customers increasingly expect products that match local cultural preferences, rather than homogeneous global brands and business-to-business services.
...
For the first time, customers can reasonably demand products from mainstream manufacturers that look and feel like they were made next door. And companies can expect increased customer loyalty when they meet these demands through personalization"

Cito isto e lembro-me da reacção da indústria automóvel incumbente a pedidos em pequena quantidade e com requisitos fora da caixa:

"Deutsche Post says it took this route when the conventional vehicle makers turned down requests to build the electric vans in what are limited numbers by their standards."

Também me lembro disto, "Comboio Vasco da Gama vai ligar Portugal à Alemanha em 2020". Da janela do meu escritório, a menos de 10 metros da linha do Norte vejo passar os comboios de mercadorias carregados de: eucalipto; brita; carvão; e cimento (eheheh escrevo isto, oiço o comboio a passar, levanto-me e é um comboio com contentores fechados). Não digo que seja impossível levar exportações das PMEs do Norte para a Europa Central, mas vai ser muito difícil. A variedade de destinos, as pequenas quantidades e as entregas rápidas não sei se podem ser conciliadas por quem tem o mindset noutro mundo. Fazem-me lembrar:

"Em 2009, com a forte quebra da produção automóvel, recordo as empresas produtoras de composto para esse sector, que com preços muito baixos tentaram fornecer os fabricantes de solas. Claro que a coisa não correu bem porque a indústria de calçado queria variedade e pequenas quantidades, não a monocor e as grandes quantidades. E a coisa deu para o torto." 

Continua.

Trechos retirados de "Manufacturing’s new world order - The rise of the point-of-demand model"

e a fugir do Normalistão

Muito empresário de PME precisava de ler isto, "Comparing % and mass", e deixar que a mensagem caísse bem fundo:

"Small audiences are your friend, because small audiences are specific, and specific increases your percentage."

Estamos a caminho de Mongo e a fugir do Normalistão.

Isto deve ser feike niús - só pode

Coisas que nos fazem dizer:

UAU!!!

Há dias o Chefe do Estado-Maior General das Forças Armadas dizia que havia falta de pessoal:

"Há um ano no cargo, o Chefe do Estado-Maior General das Forças Armadas queixa-se da falta de recursos humanos e fala de uma "situação insustentável". Militares ao serviço já fazem "esforço tremendo"."

Trecho retirado daqui "Chefe das Forças Armadas fala em “situação insustentável”".

Agora descubro isto no Twitter:

De acordo com este site.

Isto deve ser feike niús. Portugal tem mais efectivos que Espanha e a Alemanha?

Quer dizer que o exército português nunca fez a sua reformulação após as guerras coloniais?

Por favor digam-me que isto está errado.

Como se calcula o número de reservistas em Portugal?