Reflexão espanhola

What a big wicked mess!

• "Las pymes solventes se quedan sin crédito mientras los grandes del ladrillo refinancian sin problemas"
• "Spain: The Hole In Europe’s Balance Sheet"
  

Não seguirás bovinamente as indicações de um governo, usarás a tua cabeça

Longe da política politiqueira, se houver algum esforço de reflexão, reconhecer-se-á neste exemplo o perigo da crença no Grande Planeador, no Estado que tudo sabe e prevê melhor do que os indivíduos.

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Se a economia tivésse seguido bovinamente as indicações do primeiro-ministro em 2005 "Prioridade - Espanha, Espanha, Espanha, repetida por Sócrates." como encaixaríamos este golpe "A economia espanhola registou, no segundo trimestre deste ano, um recuo de 1 por cento face ao desempenho dos primeiros três meses do ano. A quebra é menos profunda do que a registada no trimestre precedente: -1,9 por cento.?"

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Os indivíduos são todos diferentes: diferentes recursos; diferentes prioridades; diferentes estratégias; diferentes personalidades. A nossa esperança nunca estará numa Opção Única, mas num ramalhete de diversidade. A diversidade é o melhor seguro para as crises como a que vivemos.

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BTW, em Espanha a coisa está mesmo mal, Zapatero conseguiu pôr a economia espanhola a pagar juros mais altos que a portuguesa... é obra!

Qual o interesse em manter uma sociedade assim?

"The Broken Hopes of a Spanish Generation"
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"Asked if he expects to surpass his parents' standard of living, he laughs bitterly. "I don't have expectations of surpassing them. I don't have expectations of anything.""
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"Lorena Domínguez, the unemployed automobile worker in Vigo, never had a permanent contract at Citroën, but there were years when she was earning good money, and she expected that the firm would offer her a permanent contract one day. The future seemed full of promise and rising living standards. Now she spends her time looking for work waiting tables, selling insurance, cleaning offices. "My generation was born into an era of abundance," she says. "I guess our expectations were just too high.""

Que resposta para a recalibração?

Perspectivando:

• "When Will The Recovery Begin? Never." e sobretudo aquele trecho "The X marks a brand new track -- a new economy. What will it look like? Nobody knows. All we know is the current economy can't "recover" because it can't go back to where it was before the crash. So instead of asking when the recovery will start, we should be asking when and how the new economy will begin."
• "This is not a recession" e sobretudo ""Don't think of our current economic crisis as a recession. Instead, think of it as a recalibration.Everything is different now.If you think of it as a recession, you may be tempted to "hunker down" and wait for the economy to cycle back. If you think of it as a recalibration, you will be motivated to focus on what you have to do differently, since everything is different now. The way your business generates results is different, now. Your customers think differently, now. Your customers care about different things, now. Your customers act differently, now. Your customers may actually be different people, now. Customers aren't disposable anymore; more than ever, you have to create sustainable customer relationships. Everything is different now. I'm posting this on January 7, 2009. One thing I'm convinced of is that the world I am working in today is different from any world I have ever done business in. The world has been reset. We can no longer look at the "LY" column on reports to use last year as a benchmark for what will happen this year."
• "Acordar as moscas que estão a dormir (parte XXVII)" onde se fala da quebra de 20% na colecta de impostos em Portugal, quando se compara 2008 com 2009.

E se estamos mesmo num mundo novo (coisa em que acredito)?

O ecossistema que existia, assente não na energia solar mas nos ienes baratos e no endividamente compulsivo, colapsou.

Aconteceu o mesmo há 65 milhões de anos... pelos vistos um meteoro terá chocado com a terra algures na zona do actual Iucatão, as espécies mais poderosas, as espécies maiores, as espécies dominantes... incapazes de se adaptarem pereceram.

Como é que o nosso país se poderá adaptar a este cenário de recalibração com tantos direitos adquiridos?

Haverá possibilidade de actuar e adaptarmo-nos, ou teremos de esperar pelo ponto da singularidade, pela implosão real, para fazer o reset e avançar para um Portugal pós-Abril de 1974 2.0?

Edward Hugh escreve isto sobre Espanha no Facebook, e Espanha apesar de tudo parece estar em melhor situação que Portugal:

"But the real problem is with the level of indebtedness of the population, Spain is now as dependent on exports as Germany is, but currently runs a current account deficit of about 8 percent of GDP.

So Spain needs a crash course policy to jump start exports and investment in export industries. But this means a large change in prices, and this isn't going to happen, since no one even believes it is possible. So the economy will crash, like in an earthquake, maybe 12 to 18 months from now, when the government can no longer raise money. (E nós por cá, quanto mais meses teremos?)

Meantime Zapatero twiddles his thumbs. That is what I am angry about. The explosion when this economy finally blows will rock Spain, let's just hope it won't rock the whole eurozone with it.!"

Será que alguém vai falar disto durante a próxima campanha eleitoral?

Fia-te na Virgem e não corras!

Para quem acredita que a crise está quase a acabar e que a retoma vem já aí, aconselho a ler "Liquidity injections alone are not enough" de Wolfgang Münchau.
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Embora esteja em sintonia com o pensamento de Münchau, não tenho a certeza de que assim seja. Por isso, neste ambiente de incerteza quanto ao futuro desafio quem tem de tomar decisões a equacionar, também, um cenário Münchau.
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Se esse ambiente futuro hipotético se concretizar, quais serão as consequências?
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Como podem ser minimizadas?
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"The European Central Bank has recently pumped €442bn ($620bn, £380bn) in one-year liquidity into the system, but the money is not reaching the real economy. Japanese-style stagnation is no longer possible - it is already here. The only question is how long it will last. .
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Even in an optimistic scenario, global economic growth will be weighed down by a combination of credit squeeze, rising unemployment, rising bankruptcies, rising default rates, and balance sheet adjustment in the household and financial sectors.
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I would expect the US to have something approaching a genuine recovery at some point in the next decade, but probably not in 2010 or 2011. Judging by the co-ordination failure at the level of the European Union, the persistent failure to deal with the continent's 40 or so cross-border banks at European level, and in particular Germany's inability to sort out its toxic-asset contaminated Landesbanken, the economic prospects for the eurozone are infinitely worse."
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Por cá, discutem-se as grandes obras. Alguém discute a queda da receita dos impostos em 20%?
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Alguém discute como vão ser os juros que o governo português vai ter de pagar no futuro?
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Nas costas dos outros podemos ver as nossas, por exemplo a Espanha:
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"Spain's fiscal U-turn may not convince markets" onde se pode ler:
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"But one person with access to public accounts, who asked not to be named, told Reuters the public deficit could more than triple to 12 percent this year from 3.8 percent in 2008."
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"Spain has suffered the worst deterioration in public finances of any EU country, bar Ireland, after stimulus measures equal to 4.2 percent of gross domestic product in 2008 and 2009."
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"The government, which has long downplayed the seriousness of the recession, has begun to show signs of economic realism."

O principal mercado das nosas exportações está pôdre

Edward Hugh no postal "Spain's Economy Shrinks At A 7.2% Annual Rate In The First Three Months Of 2009" escreve:
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"The current recession is likely to be a long one. The current financial crisis, which, as I explained in my last post, has simply served to bring into focus the inherent unsustainability of the previous growth model: deep housing crisis, high indebtedness of the private sector, weak price competitiveness, very high unemployment… S0 as I say, ECB and EU Commission help will need to be on their way, and massive structural reforms now seem inevitable.Despite some recent positive development (decrease in interest rates and prices, fiscal stimulus measures, slight improvement in confidence, ECB purchase of cédulas hipotecarias…),
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Spain will not recover even as other economies begin to breathe again. The worst year undoubtedly could be 2011, (Moi ici: please "rewind" and read again 2-0-1-1 o pior ano, ainda não se fala em retoma) and the unemployment rate by that stage could reach anywhere between 25% and 30% of the labour force if you accept the March 17.5% number as good.
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Bottom line, a complete nightmare, with the only bright spot being imminent control of the political system being assumed in Brussels and Frankfurt, since along with the economy the political "automatic stabiliser" system also seems to be broken." (Moi ici: ver Daniel Bessa no caderno de Economia no Expresso da semana passada)

O primeiro destino das nossas exportações

"Consumo privado deverá sofrer a maior queda da história da Espanha"

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Perante esta migração de valor:

• repensar clientes-alvo;
• repensar produtos;
• reduzir o break-even;
• deixar-se de referenciais ultrapassados;
• reforçar a proposta de valor;
• recalibrar;

Tudo coisas a fazer com urgência. Tudo coisas que os subsídios e apoios tornam menos urgente...

Espanha: Depois da fiesta...

"David Villa, scorer of Spain’s first goal in the victory last week over England in Seville, is a member of the Valencia squad whose latest salary payment has been delayed indefinitely by the heavily indebted club."
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Retirado de "Spain’s recession: After the fiesta"

Nas costas dos outros vemos as nossas

A capa do Jornal de Negócios de hoje tem uma caixa, com a foto do ministro das finanças, onde se lê: "Emissão de dívida pública de curto prazo imune ao corte do "rating" da República".
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O pormaior que me escapou numa primeira leitura foi aquele "curto prazo".
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Escreve o jornal na página 23:
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"A justificar o bom resultado estará o facto de, dada a elevada aversão ao risco no mercado, os investidores estarem a procurar mais títulos de dívida pública e, em especial, títulos de curto prazo (maturidade até um ano).
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O teste de fogo para a dívida pública portuguesa terá, contudo, lugar no primeiro leilão de títulos com maturidade de cinco ou dez anos (Obrigações do Tesouro), sobre os quais os investidores têm maiores reservas."
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O que me preocupa, sabendo que somos governados por gente que gasta mais do que pode (quer da situação, quer da oposição) é saber que a Espanha tem um risco inferior a Portugal e, no entanto:
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"And the centre is having problems, as we saw in the case of yesterday's €7bn 10 year treasury bond auction (Tuesday) which produced a Spanish yield differential jump at its highest level since the euro came into existence - 137 basis points above the equivalent German Bunds. More ominously, foreign investors were notably absent, leaving Spanish banks to soak up the debt. Which makes all that nonsense Spanish people have been seeing on their TV screens this week about how the banks are not lending enough to households and businesses seem even more ridiculous, since it is the needs of the government itself which is increasingly "crowding out" all the rest."
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Ainda: durante anos ouvi estórias da minha irmã, estórias carregadas de 'inveja', onde me contava como o dinheiro para o Ambiente em Espanha nunca faltava, nunca era rateado, enquanto que do lado de cá ...
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Pois bem:
"Another minor but revealing anecdote about all this came my way yesterday afternoon, when a friend of mine who works for the municapal authority in one of Barcelona's "sattelite towns" told me she had just had a frustrating day trying to buy a ticket for a trip to Brussels (you know, to sign something, and appear in the photo) for one of their civic dignitaries. Now the travel agents were quite happy to make the reservation, and prepare the ticket. What they were not willing to do was hand it over. As they said to her "I'm afraid you can only have it after you pay". She was bemused by all this - it isn't really her job to do this kind of thing - so she went to see the responsible parties in the accounts department (the flight is the day after tomorrow) and to her amazement they told her "right now this is impossible, tell them we can let them have the money within two weeks"
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Mês após mês... as afirmações peremptórias de Manuela Ferreira Leite, há mais de seis meses vão-se confirmando uma após outra. Por exemplo, o escândalo que foi quando disse "Não há dinheiro!"
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Vejamos Espanha:
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"So - with budget GDP growth estimates which consistently underestimate the size of the contraction, and tax revenue falling as unemployment payments rise (onde é que nós já vimos isto?) - little by little the money is drying up, and this isn't surprising, since Spain can't print its own euros, and so, given the difficulties of borrowing them externally, liquidity becomes very, very tight. Not desperately so yet, but tight. But it is obvious that if things carry on like this we will begin to see a gradual grinding to a halt of the public sector, and all those "functionarios" and pensioners who have so far been very carefully protected from the crisis will find themselves more exposed to the full force of the crunch."(Oopss!!! Isto não pode transpirar cá em Portugal, há três eleições à porta durante este ano)
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E que tal:
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"Of course, there is another way to go here, we could decide to reduce prices and salaries in the public sector (ie internal deflation as an alternative to devaluation), and bring the budget more back into line with Spain's ability to pay. This is what they seem to be doing in Ireland, although, even there, the prime minister allegedly threatened to call in the IMF if the public sector unions failed to agree on the spot to a five percent salary reduction."
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Este postal de Edward Hugh é preocupante e quiçá premonitório:
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"But the debate which is going on in Spain (Portugal acrescento eu) about the current crisis is still light years away from the country's rapidly evolving reality, so the question which keeps going round and round in my head is: just how long will it be before some crazy politician out there in one of Spain's minor autonomous communities starts proposing to issue regional IOUs/quasi money of the Argentinian type. If and when this does happen, then we will know that the end is well and truly begining (ie that the point of no return has been passed), and if you like we could treat such a hypothetical event as an early potential indicator of impending disaster."
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Ah, e BTW:
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"No serious politician can threaten the banks in this way and hope to maintain investor confidence. Maybe even more worrying is the fact that Zapatero has not already "corrected" him. This kind of statement is a declaration of weakness and not one of strength."
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Trechos retirados de The (Credit) Drought In Spain Falls Mainly On The Plane

Medonho, medonho

Mais uma praga bíblica...
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"Spain lost almost 200,000 jobs in January in the worst one-month rise since records began, lifting the unemployment rate to 14.4pc and inflicting further damage on the credibility of the Spanish government. "
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Evans-Pritchard "Spain's downward spiral spooks bond investors"

Notícias de Espanha ...

A inflação em Espanha, entre Novembro e Dezembro de 2008, no espaço de um mês baixou 0,9%!!!
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Reflexões de Edward Hugh em "Why Spain's Economic Crisis Is Something More Than A "Housing Slump""

Acerca da gestão de expectativas

"While the IMF seem to be more aware of the scale of the problem than the Spanish government currently are, they do seem to be putting all of the emphasis for recovery on some much needed labour market reforms, but personally I don't think even these are playing in the right ball park, we need a big picture "breakout" escape plan, to cut loose from the pincers of cash drought, corporate bankruptcy, construction dependency, large scale contraction and price deflation. (Também acredito que quem confia nas reformas laborais só confia num mito e nunca fez as contas que interessam) It's a big mess, and will need an equally bold and ambitious plan to get to grips with it."
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Tenho referido muitas vezes esta história da gestão de expectativas: Outra vez a gestão das expectativas ; Gestão de expectativas (parte III) ; Gestão de expectativas (parte II); Gestão de expectativas.
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"One point which is obvious at this stage is that Spanish government forecasting - which has currently built a 1% expansion into the 2009 budget - is getting ever more out of line with the economic dynamic. Really this is the first thing which has to change. Spain urgently needs someone leading the country who is able to turn the page, put some realistic numbers on the table, and try to work to meet objectives, instead of simply failing to achieve them time after time. (Confesso que pensei nisto na véspera das eleições em Espanha, o PSOE devia ter, eu sei que era impossível, apresentado outro candidato a primeiro-ministro, não por causa das ideias de Zapatero, mas porque esta legislatura seria diferente da anterior, seiam precisas outras ideias, outras posturas, seria preciso romper com alianças e práticas antigas). (Spins doctors do governo português aprendam como se faz no que vem a seguir) What do I mean by this, well, if you seriously think that the contraction next year will be of 2% of GDP then it is better to say 3%, and beat your target, than say its going to be 1% growth and come in with a 2% contraction. Not only will your citizens be getting more and more fed up with all of this (and the impact on morale should not be treated lightly) but much more to the point, since Spain is heavily dependent on foreign finance to buy the debt that the government is going to need to issue (see more below) to finance the fiscal deficit, then each and every failure to achieve target is likely to be punished with a higher cost of financing debt (as the yield spread on the risk rises). So as well as the credibility cost, this kind of playing fast and loose with the forecast is now likely to carry a real financial cost."
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Prepare to be dazzled:
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"So Just How Much Will The Spanish Economy Contract In 2009?
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Well, I think this is a very hard question to answer. I think a 1% contraction is a done deal, and my own previous best guess was in the 3% to 5% contraction range, which is, of course, very strong indeed. And there I was happy to leave it, until that is Deutsche Bank came out with their latest 2009 forecast for the German economy, where chief economist Norbert Walter has said that Germany's gross domestic product could contract by as much as 4 percent next year. This has to be "bottom of the range" estimate, but then, it might happen, I mean these are not just numbers spun out of thin air, they are backed by analysis, German manufacturing is contracting very rapidly at the moment (but not as rapidly as Spanish manufacturing). The German government itself is forecasting a 1% contraction, and the IFO institute came out today with 2% contraction for 2009 estimate (the median forecast?). At this point I won't go so far as to modify my original forecast for Spain, but what I will say is that if German GDP contracts by 4% in 2009, then Spain's will contract in the 5% to 7% range, since on every important reading Spain is contracting more rapidly than Germany at this point, and there really is no bottom in sight, just what appears to be a "black hole", sucking us down."
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Aqui estamos melhor que Espanha, ora vejamos:
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"At the risk of boring to tears all my regular readers I would first like to stress that what we have in Spain is not a simple garden-variety housing correction. Spain is a country which was allowed across the 2000-2007 period to develop massive macroeconomic imbalances, which to some extent were reflected in a huge housing boom. But the imbalances (current account deficit of 10% of GDP, massive migrant flows - 5 million people in 8 years, rapidly rising household and corporate debt - rising at 20% pa, and reaching around 90% and 120% of GDP in 2008 respectively) and not the housing are the key to the problem. Thus Spain's economy is not reeling under the weight of the unwinding of the property boom, but rather Spain's property boom is reeling under the impact of the unwinding of the macro imbalances, and this unwinding became more or less inevitable once the US sub prime crisis broke out in August 2007. I think it is no accident that the two countries who noticed most the shell shock from the sub prime turmoil were Spain and Kazakhstan, since these two countries were the most dependent on selling some type of paper or other in the wholsale money markets to finance their imbalances, and the doors to these markets effectively closed in September 2007."
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"Spain's big problem is the current account deficit, which reached 10% of GDP last year (o nosso é de 12%). At the present time this deficit is dropping slightly as imports collapse, but it is not falling as fast as it should be, and meantime, as I am saying, the Spanish government is raising its borrowing needs (também o nosso). Spain has movied in 2008 from having a 2% of GDP surplus in January to a 3% deficit in December (ie a shift of 5% of GDP), in 2009 we will move up to at least 5% (as the IMF suggest, and we could even move higher depending on what happens to GDP)."
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Trechos retirados de "So Just When Does Spain's Twin Deficit Problem Become Unsustainable?" de Eward Hugh.

O ponto

Eis um ponto importante, talvez mesmo o ponto principal da nossa economia, um défice externo de 12% e a subir.

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"João Salgueiro, Daniel Bessa e Passos Coelho apontam défice externo como problema estrutural do país"

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Off-topic

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"Também Daniel Bessa apontou a situação espanhola, considerando que o país vizinho vai viver "a recessão mais violenta da zona Euro, para não dizer da União Europeia (UE)"."A Espanha, por razões estruturais, tinha anunciada há muito tempo a mais violenta de todas as recessões na UE", defendeu o economista, sublinhando que o país tem "o segundo maior défice corrente do mundo" e "encareceu estupidamente." "A Espanha não exporta nada, a Espanha só importa e portanto para ser sincero não sei como é que a Espanha vai sair daqui", prosseguiu. "Mas sei que era o único dos nossos mercados que estava a crescer e essa almofada que a Espanha desempenhou durante estes últimos anos está esgotada", referiu. "Portugal precisa como do pão para a boca de encontrar novos mercados de exportação,"

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Ser realista...

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Fazer o by-pass ao país

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E sbretudo este Vamos ter de o enfrentar, é inevitável

Espanha: para reflectir

Os nossos vizinhos são demasiado importantes para que não acompanhemos a sua evolução.
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"What Is The Risk Of A Serious Melt-Down In The Spanish Economy?"

Oportunidades?

No jornal El País de hoje, o artigo "Funcas cree que España vive una ola de fuga de empresas":
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"España está inmersa en una segunda ola de deslocalizaciones, más intensa que la que se produjo a principios de los noventa. Más de 450 empresas han ensayado esta huida de la producción a otros países con costes bajos desde el año 2000"
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É possível aproveitar este movimento, tendo em conta a questão da proximidade?

Nas costas dos outros vejo as nossas

A situação da economia espanhola não é nada famosa, ou como diz o autor:
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"So the bottom line is that Spain is headed straight towards a crash on the two biggest global issues of the moment, the credit crunch and oil."
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Ainda há dias fomos bombardeados com os números comparativos dos aumentos salariais na Europa, Portugal e a Alemanha num extremo, no outro, o dos aumentos mais generosos, a Espanha. Depois:
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"Since domestic demand is no longer going to drive the Spanish economy the undelying issue now is basically Spain's lack of competitiveness in exports"
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A verdade é que há uma série de anos que as exportações portuguesas têm tido um comportamento superior ao das espanholas.
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Interessante a imagem dos alemães como sendo para nós, portugueses, espanhóis e gregos, o equivalente ao Japão e China para os EUA.
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"Has Spain Contracted The Artemio Cruz Syndrome?"
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Definitivamente... não é bonito de se ver.
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Ah... e não se esqueçam de ler os comentários no final.

Qual o futuro próximo de Espanha?

No Público de hoje "Espanha prescinde do excedente orçamental e injecta 10 mil milhões de euros na economia para combater crise" assinado por Nuno Ribeiro.
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É um virar de página... foi um capítulo que se encerrou?

Ser realista...

O Diário Económico de hoje inclui o artigo "FMI mais pessimista sobre a crise em Portugal" assinado por Luís Reis Ribeiro.

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Alguns trechos: "Portugal vai continuar a divergir face à Europa, isto é, os portugueses vão continuar empobrecer nos próximos anos porque o choque externo impedirá a economia de entrar numa rota consistente de crescimento acima da média europeia até 2013, apontou ontem o Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI)."

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"O Executivo rejeita esta visão: as previsões do FMI são “demasiado pessimistas quanto aos efeitos que a evolução dos mercados financeiros poderá ter na actividade económica”, apontou o ministro das Finanças, Fernando Teixeira dos Santos, numa reacção ontem enviada às redacções. “A melhoria registada nos fundamentais da nossa economia e a sua robustez não permitem sustentar de forma alguma a previsão apresentada para Portugal”, acrescentou."

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Pensemos nas exportações, por exemplo:

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Quase 1/3 das exportações portuguesas têm como destino Espanha. O que vai acontecer a Espanha?

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Algumas hipóteses pouco agradáveis:
“Spanish economy heads for hard landing” no Financial Times (“The [Spanish] data suggest economic growth has collapsed in the first quarter of 2008,” said Dominic Bryant, of BNP Paribas. Mr Bryant expects growth in the first quarter to have fallen to just 0.2 to 0.3 per cent, compared with 0.8 per cent in the final quarter of 2007. The Spanish economy grew by 3.8 per cent in 2007, although it was slowing down by the end of last year.)
“Housing Bubble Bursts Wide Open In Spain (International banks are scrambling to sell their holdings of Spanish mortgage debt at a steep discount, fearing that the country may be sliding into the worst economic downturn in its modern history.)

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E se a economia espanhola tiver mesmo a aterragem forçada que se prevê? (Spain’s high-growth economy is heading for a hard landing, according to manufacturing and services surveys that show a sharp drop in activity.)
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Como vamos passar por entre os intervalos da chuva?

Que reacções em cadeia, serão desencadeadas por aquele núcleo da figura? E como vão afectar os fundamentais da economia portuguesa?

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Por que é que os irlandeses têm outra postura?

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"On Monday, Bertie Ahern, Ireland’s taoiseach (prime minister), predicted it was “going to be a hard year”. He said Ireland “won’t escape” the effects of a likely US recession, adding that those who predicted that the subprime crisis “would wash out of the system by last Christmas have been a long way off the mark”." (FT)

Isto também me preocupa

Bastar começar a desenhar um mapa causal onde entrem:

• portugueses a trabalhar em Espanha;
• exportações portuguesas para Espanha;
• importações provenientes de Espanha;
• empresas em Portugal propriedade de empresas espanholas;
• turistas espanhóis;
• empresas espanholas de construção vão apostar muito mais nos mercados externos, por exemplo na América do Sul, onde as empresas portuguesas andan a fazer pela vida;
• ...

Para notícias destas preocuparem qualquer um "Empresários com medo da crise em Espanha", um artigo de Margarida Peixoto no Diário Económico de hoje.

Também está escrito nas estrelas...

Sooner than later... é inevitável. E o impacte no nosso país não vai ser nada agradável.