Outro sintoma positivo

Mais uma peça para o puzzle que comporá uma economia mais sustentável "Artesanato minhoto reinventa-se para sair da crise":

"Em estado terminal há poucos anos, o artesanato "made in Minho" operou uma transformação milagrosa. A chegada de novos profissionais e a aposta no design explicam o inesperado ressurgimento.
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A meaçado pela importação de produtos chineses e quase esquecido pelos próprios municípios, o artesanato do Minho encontrava-se exangue há menos de uma década.
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"Todos teremos a ganhar se apostarmos num produto diferenciador","

E os segredos revelados do eficientismo vão acelerar ainda mais esta transição

"In the same way that small-plot gardens can thrive even in the presence of factory farms, small manufacturing companies can thrive if they are nimble and innovative.
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The sorts of businesses that capitalize on being close to their market range from custom furniture, which needs close contact with customers, to high-end mattresses (build-on-demand lowers cost), to niche couture (my own office building in the hot high-tech district South of Market also houses some textile factories, with immigrant Chinese workers working on locally designed clothes). That’s always been the case, but now these companies aren’t just local. If they’re sufficiently innovative, they can sell globally, too, online.
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I don’t want to suggest that companies won’t continue to outsource manufacturing to China or other low-cost countries. For many industries, the combination of relatively cheap labor and the concentration of suppliers that you can find in Guangdong is unbeatable.
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But what’s clear is that it’s not the only choice. At some scales, manufacturing in huge Chinese factories may continue to be an unbeatable answer. But at other scales, the advantages of making things close to home, with minimal delays and maximum flexibility, can be a better choice. And with more automation, the economic gap between manufacturing in China versus manufacturing in the United States is shrinking.
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In short, electronics can be made in America, as long as they’re specialty electronics, selling in the thousands, not millions. (Moi ici: Ainda me lembro do meu último emprego... de onde estive quase a sair para criar uma empresa dedicada à produção de pequenas séries de circuitos impressos de dupla camada. Só havia produção para grandes séries)
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Such specialty goods usually command higher margins and are less likely to face competition from other commodity suppliers. It’s a classic market niche for a midsized manufacturing business. Big enough to sell globally and have an established brand, but not so big that it falls into the commodity deathtrap of razor-thin margins and scary overexposure to economic swings and the changing taste of fickle consumers."

Como Dave Bowman diz ao HAL:

"Something Wonderful is Going to Happen"

E os segredos revelados do eficientismo massificado vão acelerar ainda mais esta transição para um mundo de prosumers e fazedores.

Trechos retirados de "Makers - The new industrial revolution" de Chris Anderson

Curiosidade do dia

No WSJ, criar galinhas está na moda... mais um sintoma de Mongo e da sociedade de makers

"Can chicken feed, canning jars and garden hoses feel chic?
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Absolutely, say retailers cashing in on the "modern homesteader" craze. As more urban and suburban homeowners take up backyard farming, items like chicken coops, beehives, gardening tools and pickling and canning supplies are getting more stylish and pricey.
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Beekeeping clubs are getting lots of buzz and new members. Hundreds of local restrictions on backyard chickens have been lifted in the past five years as a result of public pressure, says Barak Orbach, a law professor at the University of Arizona, who has studied the phenomenon. More people aren't just growing their own vegetables, but canning and preserving them, too."

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Trecho retirado de "Backyard Farming Gets Fancy"

Baixem o IRC e não atrapalhem

O que andamos a escrever aqui já há algum tempo, e que faz confusão e gera dúvidas ao autor do artigo "The Difference Between Makers and Manufacturers":

"Though many of the products created this way so far are one-off novelty items and customized tchotchkes, ­[Chris] Anderson insists that the movement is about more than high-tech crafts for hobbyists.
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The ability of individuals and small startups to design items and either print them or send off the digital files and have them made is already transforming manufacturing, he proclaims, replacing mass production with custom production: “The idea of a ‘factory’ is, in a word, changing.”
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What kind of future might the maker movement bring us? Anderson envisions it could mean that “Western countries like the United States regain their lost manufacturing might, but rather than with a few big industrial giants, they spawn thousands of smaller firms picking off niche markets.”
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Anderson’s prediction that many consumers will move away from cheap mass-produced goods to the work of “industrial artisans” could someday come true. But, again, his evidence is unconvincing: “Just think of couture fashion or fine wines,” he writes. These are small markets. And for many other goods, people often prefer mass-­produced versions, because they cost less and are at least standardized, if not always great, in quality. ­Anderson suggests that “what the new manufacturing model enables is a mass market for niche products.” But he doesn’t attempt to quantify the economic impact of this shift to artisanal goods. He points to what he calls “happiness economics” rather than conventional macroeconomics as the real justification for custom production: “What’s interesting is that such hyperspecialization is not necessarily a profit-­maximizing strategy. Instead, it is better seen as meaning-­maximizing.”

Chris Anderson esteve na base da minha metáfora - Mongo - por isso não me surpreende que tenhamos seguido caminhos mentais paralelos. Imaginem que até temos alguma razão e, que evoluímos para uma versão daquilo a que chamo Mongo, em paralelo com as ascensão de novos modelos de negócio baseados não na posse mas no aluguer e partilha (recordar marcadores). Tendo isso em mente, como é que essa realidade pode chocar violentamente com o discurso da reindustrialização:

"O Presidente da República, Cavaco Silva, defendeu hoje que a retoma dos “caminhos da reindustrialização” deve ser encorajada pela União Europeia, que deve apoiar os Estados-membros na reestruturação das suas economias." 

Imagino, facilmente, políticos e funcionários, cheios de boas intenções, a decidirem o que é melhor para a sociedade. Como? Pensando no paradigma industrial do século XX, tentando replicar o passado, decidindo em que sectores actuar, privilegiando empresas grandes, privilegiando estratégias tornadas obsoletas.

Cuidado com a lição da Malásia, recordar "O offshoring mudou o mundo".

Baixem o IRC e não atrapalhem, deixem que quem se compromete com o seu dinheiro arrisque e ganhe ou perca.

Trecho retirado de "Cavaco Silva defende reindustrialização com o apoio da União Europeia"

Um conselho para makers

Um conselho retirado de "Makers - The New Industrial Revolution" de Chris Anderson.

"for hardware, which has inherent costs and must be paid for, charging the right price is key to building a sustainable business. One of the first mistakes budding Makers make when they start to sell their product is not charging enough. It’s easy to see why, for all sorts of reasons. They want the product to be popular, and they know the lower the price, the more it will sell. Some may even feel that if the product was created with community volunteer help, it would be unseemly to charge more than it costs. Such thinking may be understandable, but it’s wrong. Making a reasonable profit is the only way to build a sustainable business.
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What entrepreneurs quickly learn is that they need to price their product at least 2.3 times its cost to allow for at least one 50 percent margin for them and another 50 percent margin for their retailers (1.5 × 1.5 = 2.25). That first 50 percent margin for the entrepreneur is really mostly covering the hidden costs of doing business at a scale that they hadn’t thought of when they first started, from the employees that they didn’t think they’d have to hire to the insurance they didn’t think they’d need to take out and the customer support and returns they never expected. And the 50 percent margin for the third-party retailers is just the way the retail market works. (Most companies actually base their model on a 60 percent margin, which would lead to a 2.6x multiplier, but I’m applying a bit of a discount to capture that initial Maker altruism and growth accelerant.) ... if businesses don’t get the price right at the start, they won’t be able to keep making their products, and everyone loses. It’s the difference between a hobby and a real, thriving, profitable business."

Digital fabrication inverts the economics of traditional manufacturing

"the new manufacturing model enables is a mass market for niche products. Think ten thousand units, not ten million (mass) or one (mass customization). Products no longer have to sell in big numbers to reach global markets and find their audience. That’s because they don’t do it from the shelves of Wal-Mart. Instead, they use e-commerce, driven by an increasingly discriminating consumer who follows social media and word of mouth to buy specialty products online.
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these cottage industries with global reach targeting niche markets of distributed demand. “Boutique” is too pretentious, and “indie” not quite right.
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Digital fabrication inverts the economics of traditional manufacturing. In mass production, most of the costs are in up-front tooling, and the more complicated the product is and the more changes you make, the more it costs. But with digital fabrication, it’s the reverse: the things that are expensive in traditional manufacturing become free: 1. Variety is free: It costs no more to make every product different than to make them all the same. 2. Complexity is free: A minutely detailed product, with many fiddly little components, can be 3-D printed as cheaply as a plain block of plastic. The computer doesn’t care how many calculations it has to do. 3. Flexibility is free: Changing a product after production has started just means changing the instruction code. The machines stay the same."
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Trechos retirados de "Makers - The New Industrial Revolution" de Chris Anderson.

A protecção dos incumbentes

No meio de algumas asneiras grossas (como a da impressão de smartphones) o afloramento de uma discussão futura, o recurso à regulação para reforçar a protecção dos incumbentes em "3D printing is coming – so let's not strangle the industry at birth"
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Um excelente artigo que levanta um tema já aqui abordado algumas vezes, os novos modelos de negócio e a economia dos prosumers tem um potencial de disrupção, não só face aos incumbentes como às receitas dos Estados: "Airbnb, Coursera and Uber: The rise of the disruption economy" (excelente artigo)
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"The Intellectual Property Implications of Low-Cost 3D Printing"
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"The free universal construction kit"
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Eheheh inovação a todos os níveis "A Sewing Machine To Encourage Making And Mending"

Mais do que uma "escola do futuro"

Escreve Chris Anderson em "Makers - The New Industrial Revolution":

"Making something that starts virtual but quickly becomes tactile and usable in the everyday world is satisfying in a way that pure pixels are not. The quest for "reality" ends up with making real things.
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This is not just speculation or wishful thinking - it can already be felt in a movement that's gathering steam at a rate that rivals the First Industrial Revolution and hasn't been since, well, the Web itself.
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Today there are nearly a thousand "makerspaces" - shared production facilities - around the world, and they're growing at an astounding rate: Shanghai alone is building one hundred of them. Many makerspaces are created by local communities, but they also include a chain of gym-style membership workshops called TechShop, run by a former executive of the Kinko's printing and copying chan and aiming to be as ubiquitous. Meanwhile, consider the rise of Etsy, a Web marketplace for Makers, with nearly a million sellers who sold more than $0.5 billion worth of their products on the site in 2011. Or the 100,000 people who come to the Maker Faire in San Mateo each year to share their work and learn from other Makers, just as they do at the scores of other Maker Faires around the world."

Agora vem uma citação que me deprime:

"Recognizing the power of this movement, in early 2012 the Obama administration launched a program to bring makerspaces into one thousand American schools over the next four years, complete with digital fabrication tools such as 3-D printers and laser cutters. In a sense, this is the return of the school workshop class, but now upgraded for the Web Age. And this time it's not designed to train workers for low-end-blue-collar jobs, but rather it's funded by the government's advanced manufacturing initiative aimed at creating a new generation of systems designers and production innovators."

Os funcionários de cá, entretiveram-se numa festa a torrar dinheiro na transformação arquitectónica de escolas em bunkers que consomem o triplo da electricidade, têm candeeiros Siza e ...
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O que vai fazendo cada vez mais diferença é a iniciativa privada. Há quinze dias, na zona da Grande Braga, fui visitar as obras de construção de uma "escola do futuro", uma versão de makerspace, hackerspace, montra virtual, espaço de troca de experiências, troca de conhecimentos, indutor de fertilização cruzada de diferentes tipos de Makers - malta das aplicações, da tecnologia, da culinária, do têxtil, da marroquinaria, da jardinagem...
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Ainda não tenho autorização, nem a pedi, para revelar mais sobre o projecto, mas não resisto a publicar algumas fotos do telemóvel:

Acerca do futuro da economia

"The history of the past two decades online is one of an extraordinary explosion of innovation and entrepreneurship. It’s now time to apply that to the real world, with far greater consequences.
We need this. America and most of the rest of the West is in the midst of a job crisis. Much of what economic growth the developed world can summon these days comes from improving productivity, which is driven by getting more output per worker. That’s great, but the economic consequence is that if you can do the same or more work with fewer employees, you should. Companies tend to rebound after recessions, but this time job creation is not recovering apace. Productivity is climbing, but millions remain unemployed.
Much of the reason for this is that manufacturing, the big employer of the twentieth century (and the path to the middle class for entire generations), is no longer creating net new jobs in the West. Although factory output is still rising in such countries as the United States and Germany, factory jobs as a percentage of the overall workforce are at all- time lows. This is due partly to automation, and partly to global competition driving out smaller factories.(Moi ici: A nossa realidade é completamente diferente neste ponto. A globalização aniquilou as empresas grandes, as fábricas que sobreviveram foram as que se reinventaram e ficaram mais pequenas)
Automation is here to stay— it’s the only way large- scale manufacturing can work in rich countries. But what can change is the role of the smaller companies. Just as startups are the driver of innovation in the technology world, and the underground is the driver of new culture, so, too, can the energy and creativity of entrepreneurs and individual innovators reinvent manufacturing, and create jobs along the way.
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The great opportunity in the new Maker Movement is the ability to be both small and global. Both artisanal and innovative. Both high-tech and low-cost. Starting small but getting big. And, most of all, creating the sort of products that the world wants but doesn’t know it yet, because those products don’t fit neatly into the mass economics of the old model."

Trechos retirados de "Makers - The New Industrial Revolution" de Chris Anderson

Acerca do futuro e de Mongo - UAUUU

Muitos chamam-me mongo por acreditar em Mongo, leiam este artigo "DIY revolution turns home into a factory", mais um relato da revolução que vai mudar a nossa vida. Tento imaginar como era a vida na sociedade pré-industrial para ter uma ideia de para onde podemos caminhar... um mundo de artesãos, um mundo de prosumers, um mundo de fazedores, um mundo de criadores, um mundo de tribos, um mundo de proximidade conjugada com globalização. Para mim é uma perspectiva excitante... 
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"The Technology, Entertainment and Design (TEDGlobal) conference in Edinburgh, the festival known as "Davos for optimists", shone a light on the DIY revolution, a movement that encompasses items ranging from manufacturing to synthetic biology to medicine.
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After a decade in which digital technologies have disrupted industries from music to the media, it's capitalism itself that is under attack. (Moi ici: A ideia de um capitalismo assente em empresas grandes, deslocalizadas, produtoras de milhões de unidades iguais que podem ser vendidas em todo o mundo, com exércitos de operários e/ou de robôs ao seu serviço) A decade ago, open-source software revolutionised the internet. Now the idea has entered the realm of physical things: open-source hardware.
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Catarina Mota, a 38-year-old Portuguese PhD student, is typical of the new breed of DIYers, or, as they tend to call themselves, "makers".

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Like most makers, she is self-taught. "A lot of people were doing these sorts of things as kids and then stopped," she says. "As manufactured goods became cheaper we became consumers. But now everything has changed. We don't accept things as they are given to us. (Moi ici: Lá se vai a produção em massa, lá se vai a venda sem interacção, sem co-produção, sem co-desenho, sem proximidade) We make technology work for us. And we can make a living from it. It's not just a hobby. It has the potential to change economics profoundly." (Moi ici: E que potencial, vai alterar o emprego, a criação, a produção, a distribuição, o consumo, a colecta de impostos, a escola decadente, como elemento uniformizador para um mundo que prefere a variedade, vai ter de dar lugar a vários modelos independentes com muito mais diversidade. Como se percebe com a leitura de "O Elemento" de Sir Ken Robinson em vez de um programa nacional vai ter de ser um menu à escolha do aluno... Hilary Austen revisitada, viva a arte!!!)

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"People are hungry for meaning. It's about enterprise and low-cost access to blueprints. .. Production will be in the hands of the people."

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"It's definitely capitalism. But it's more democratic forms of capitalism." (Moi ici: Indy Capitalism com a democratização da produção!!!)

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It's also a phenomenon perfectly suited to the austerity age. Mass unemployment, says Andrew Hessel, a biology futurist from California, might even be the necessary catalyst. "Before, people would just go and get a job in retail. Now that's gone. There are millions of jobs that are not just coming back. But you can set up your own business for $100." (Moi ici: O que PPC disse e levantou tanta polémica)

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And the ideas, as evidenced by their high visibility at TED, are just starting to go mainstream. Bruno Giussani, the European director of TED who organised the programme, believes we are on the cusp of something radically new, not least because, according to Massimo Banzi, one of the founding fathers of the field, "you don't have to ask for permission"." (Moi ici: É por causa deste sentimento de optimismo, de crença no futuro e na revolução DIY que há anos, quando comecei a perceber a chegada de Mongo,  a associei a este filme)
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No alvo com esta reflexão de hoje de Seth Godin,

It's a makers world!!!

Um fabricante de máquinas, em vez de gastar uma pipa de massa a manter uma secção de pintura que cumpra os requisitos de qualidade, de ambiente e de segurança do negócio, pode decidir subcontratar a tarefa a alguém que se especializou nesse serviço.

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A decisão descrita acima é muito comum e, muitas vezes, muito sensata. Uma empresa que todos os dias pinta, tira muito mais rentabilidade dos activos alocados à pintura do que uma empresa que só pinta de vez em quando, tem tudo a ganhar em especializar-se e estar em cima dos últimos desenvolvimentos a nível de pintura industrial.
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É comum empresas subcontratarem empresas para a realização de serviços: pintura; tratamentos térmicos; decapagem; esterilização; lavagem; enchimento; transporte; distribuição; marketing; ...
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É cada vez mais comum empresas subcontratarem empresas para a realização de serviços de produção: fabrico de peças; desenvolvimento de software; fabrico do produto (o private label é muito comum); ...
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O que nunca me tinha ocorrido era olhar para alguns fenómenos em curso sob esta perspectiva: consumidores contratarem empresas para serviços de produção.
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Quando um consumidor chama a casa alguém para tirar medidas e construir uma estante customizada... Ok, isso é comum e já cá está há muitos anos.
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Interessante é perceber que uma vertente de Mongo passa por consumidores contratarem empresas para construírem... melhor, para co-produzirem um produto que anteriormente só existia sob uma forma padronizada. Em vez de uma romagem à prateleira para ver o que pode servir de entre o que existe, uma customização em tempo real.
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O artigo "What's Your Margin?" tem um começo interessante sobre as margens brutas num negócio e o posicionamento estratégico. Contudo, o que gostaria de sublinhar é a história da empresa de bicicletas Pashley Cycles:

"Stratford-upon-Avon-based Pashley Cycles has been building bicycles and tricycles in the UK since 1926, when it was founded in Birmingham by William 'Rash' Pashley. At first, it made carrier cycles used by errand boys, but, in recent years, Pashley's classic models such as the Princess, the Roadster and the Guv'nor have become, dare one say it, fashionable. And while the country has become flooded by mass-manufactured budget bikes from Asia, Pashley has proved there's still a market for handmade machines produced in much smaller quantities.

Last year, Pashley produced around 10,000 cycles, with prices starting at about £350. Chief executive and majority owner Adrian Williams won't reveal specific margins, but it's safe to say they are higher than most mass-market rivals. But he emphasises his bikes' higher quality. Imported bikes are not necessarily much cheaper but have a lower spec, he points out, adding: 'Cheap and nasty bikes won't last long and won't do the job.'"

O mundo polarizado... de um lado vende-se o muito barato, do outro vende-se o requinte da experiência. O meio-termo, os nem carne nem peixe desaparecem.

"Pashley's commercial side supplies bicycles and tricycles to businesses ranging from industrial giants Pfizer and Toyota to sandwich-maker Darwin's Deli and estate agent Knight Frank. But most of its cycles are bought by consumers, and one advantage of being a relatively low-volume manufacturer is that it can offer a huge choice of distinctive models - some 160 in all - and respond quickly to demand. By contrast, says Williams, the mass distribution brands usually have no design and development capability and are simply emulating each other, churning out 'me too' products."

Na segunda-feira passada de manhã, atrasei a minha saída do carro em Felgueiras para ouvir até ao fim a história que Júlio Machado Vaz contava sobre duas enfermeiras que estavam a trabalhar como voluntárias numa aldeia transmontana (Atenor?) com 300 habitantes, e que eram pagas com "cama, mesa e roupa lavada". Contudo, a aldeia estava a mexer-se para arranjar meios de lhes começar a pagar um salário. Como? Comercializando mel e outros produtos da aldeia!!!
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It's a makers world!!!
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Parece-me um paradoxo à primeira vista... quanto mais o mundo está globalizado, e está (estou a aqui a escrever isto e a trocar tweets com uma académica de origem asiática que dá aulas em Inglaterra e está a relatar no twiter uma conferência a que assiste na Finlândia) mais o local e a proximidade parece ser relevante... terá algo a ver com a autenticidade? Terá algo a ver com um crescente desejo de afirmação individual? Milhões e milhões compram o iphone mas, depois, vão a seguir personalizá-lo por dentro e por fora.
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E com as printers 3D, o movimento vai-se acelerar, consumidores vão contratar serviços de produção a artesãos que se especializaram em design, ou em certas matérias-primas, ou em certos produtos, ... o impacte que isto vai ter no paradigma do que se considera indústria... já imagino, tanto subsídio atirado pelos governos para salvar o passado e os seus empregos... no limite, os governos "progressistas" podem declarar ilegais as printers 3D, ou vigiar a sua produção, ou aplicar pesados impostos ... se deixarmos de ser empregados e passarmos a ser prosumers lá se vai o IRS dos governos futuros...

Duas correntes

Duas correntes: a dos fazedores e a dos nichos.
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"Doce da Casa. Cupcakes com receitas da avó sem glúten nem açúcar"
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BTW, um regresso aos fazedores também aqui: "Lojas de miudezas voltam a estar na moda"... reparar no pormenor da loja que além de vender os produtos, criou uma escola para se aprender a bordar e crochet... e vender uma experiência, e criar uma tribo, e vencer a solidão. Lembrei-me logo das sugestões deste postal.

Acerca de Mongo... um futuro em construção

"Mass Customization and Custom Artisans":
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"How disruptive is the following statement to your way of thinking about business?
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“Customers don’t want a choice; they want exactly what they want.”
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If your business model is based on a 20th century mass production paradigm, this observation about 21st century consumers by acclaimed author and business coach Joe Pine might spell trouble.
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But what if you’re a custom artisan? What impact do 21st century consumer attitudes and the mass customization movement in business have on your livelihood? (Moi ici: Como tudo se liga... indústrias tradicionais, pequenas séries, flexibilidade, rapidez, proximidade, printers 3D, design, inovação... Mongo!!!)

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Although many businesses have tried to introduce mass customization into their offerings, this is a difficult transformation. The number one obstacle they face is the mass production mindset. Mass production is designed to be “pushed” by efficiency, the need to utilize materials and equipment in the most cost-effective manner possible. (Moi ici: A minha velha guerra acerca da eficiência vs a eficácia, e a superioridade desta última) Mass customization, on the other hand, is “pulled” by customers’ choices.
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Mass customization has added a new element to the classic economic dyad of standardized goods and customized services. When companies mass customize goods, they become service businesses that help customers figure out what they want. “Mass customization automatically turns a service into an experience.” If people enjoy that experience, they will pay a premium for it."

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"The Maker Movement" (Moi ici: Isto é tocar o futuro...)

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"“The people who create, build, design, tinker, modify, hack, invent, or simply make something.” The definition of “maker” is also changing, he notes. Small businesses, startup entrepreneurs, inventors, craftspeople, can all be makers who embody “the spirit of DIY.” Awareness and appreciation of these people are growing, too.
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What does this movement stand for? What do they do? (Besides make things).

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According to Dale Dougherty, the founder of MAKE magazine and organizer of Maker Faire, and one of the luminaries of the movement, the makers are creating a new culture, a new way of looking at manufacturing, creativity, and ourselves."

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Daqui e aqui:

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""The 20th century was about dozens of markets of millions of people." Mass consumers, in other words. (Moi ici: O mundo para o qual as fábricas deste postal foram criadas para triunfar em grande)
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But—says Joe Kraus: "The 21st century is about millions of markets of dozens of people". A mind-changing insight, closely aligned with what Joe Pine told me 16 years ago.
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Model
To cater for the radically changed consumer market place will need companies able to mass customize their products into huge numbers of individualised configurations, answering their customers’ individual needs. (Moi ici: Qual o mosaico de actividades, qual o tipo de fábrica, qual o tipo de relação com os consumidores, necessários para aproveitar esta mudança radical?)
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That’s the insight of the author and commentator Joe Pine; it is one not understood by most companies organised around the mass production principles which in many industries are now looking inadequate and tired."
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Ficção científica a entrar-nos pelo ecrã todos os dias...

Sonharam? Pois continuem...

Sonharam com o futuro?

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Pois continuem...

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"The newer model for starting businesses relies on hypothesis, experiment and testing in the marketplace, from the day a company is founded. That is a sharp break with the traditional approach of drawing up a business plan, setting financial targets, building a finished product and then rolling out the business and hoping to succeed. It was time-consuming and costly.
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The preferred formula today is often called the “lean start-up.” Its foremost proponents include Eric Ries, an engineer, entrepreneur and author who coined the term and is now an entrepreneur in residence at the Harvard Business School, and Steven Blank, a serial entrepreneur, author and lecturer at Stanford.
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The approach emphasizes quickly developing “minimum viable products,” low-cost versions that are shown to customers for reaction, and then improved. Flexibility is the other hallmark. Test business models and ideas, and ruthlessly cull failures and move on to Plan B, Plan C, Plan D and so on — “pivoting,” as the process is known."

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"this spring, the 900 first-year students at the Harvard Business School must start a business as a required course. In teams of six students each, they will be given $3,000 and told to create a start-up that pulls in revenue by the end of the semester, explained Thomas R. Eisenmann, a professor who will oversee the program."

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Trechos retirados de "With a Leaner Model, Start-Ups Reach Further Afield"

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"Want to be successful? Get your product or service out there now, not after you’ve refined it and made it good. The MBA programs are wrong. Get moving."

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Trecho retirado de "Always release your product before it is ready."

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Agora, pensem em Mongo, e pensem na mentalidade de desenrasca portuguesa...
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Agora, um pouco de Richard Rumelt (de "Good Strategy, Bad Strategy"):
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"It is hard to show your skill as a sailor when there is no wind. Similarly, it is in moments of industry transition that skills at strategy are most valuable. (Moi ici: O grau de pureza estratégica tem de aumentar) During the relatively stable periods between episodic transitions, it is difficult for followers to catch the leader, just as it is difficult for one of the two or three leaders to pull far ahead of the others. But in moments of transition, the old pecking order of competitors may be upset and a new order becomes possible."

Sonhar com o futuro...

"Those in power tend to describe the world as us and not-us. White and non-white citizens. Apple products and non-Apple fans. Mass and non-mass (we even made a fancy French name for it: niche).
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This will get you only so far, and not very far at that. The revolution that we’re living through has many facets, and a profound and overlooked one is that mass is not the center any longer. Us and not-us is a dead end.
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Instead, consider a lens that sees Lisa, Ishita, and Rafit. There is no us. No mass. No center. (Moi ici: É o fim da miudagem, é o fim dos fantasmas estatísticos, é o olhar olhos nos olhos) Our culture is now is a collection of tribes, and each tribe is a community of interests, many of whom get along, some that don’t.
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We all share communication tools. Most of us share the same three or four languages. We all share the same planet. But we’re not the same. We’re people with choices, and we won’t alter those choices merely because we used to have no choice.
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No niches. No mass. Just tribes that care in search of those who would join them or amplify them or yes, sell to them.
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This is not utopia, but it is our future." (Moi ici: Quem mais fala sobre o futuro da vida em Mongo?)
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É com estas palavras que Seth Godin termina o livro "We Are All Weird"... um autêntico manifesto em prol de Mongo!!!
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Vejam mais este sintoma do mundo maravilhoso que aí vem (maravilhoso porque será um mundo de oportunidades para os pequenos...):
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"More than just digital quilting"
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Simplesmente, fascinou-me, deixou-me a sonhar... as aplicações escolhidas que tornaram o tablet de um diferente do tablet de outro, saltam do net e misturam-se com a realidade... uma planta que envia uma mensagem via twitter quando tem falta de água...
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"“The tools of factory production, from electronics assembly to 3D printing, are now available to individuals, in batches as small as a single unit,” writes Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired magazine.
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It is easy to laugh at the idea that hobbyists with 3D printers will change the world. But the original industrial revolution grew out of piecework done at home, and look what became of the clunky computers of the 1970s. The maker movement is worth watching."