Comoditização de uma experiência

Ontem li "How Starbucks Devalued Its Own Brand":

"Starbucks is in trouble again. In its last quarterly-earnings report, it announced disappointing results, including a 4% drop in same-store sales (11% in China, its second-biggest market). After that announcement, its stock plunged. (It is still well below its 12-month high.) And its founder and three-time CEO Howard Schultz once again fired off a missive on LinkedIn pleading with Starbucks' current leaders to rediscover and embrace the company's core purpose, its reason for existence.

Schultz's open letter, which followed another he issued in February, largely echoes the growing sentiments of many long-time customers: Going to Starbucks isn't what it used to be, and the brand itself isn't what it used to mean. The fundamental problem: Starbucks has been commoditizing itself."

Empresa tem sucesso inicial com uma proposta de valor única. Depois, a doença anglo-saxónica entra em jogo e começa a espiral que a atrai para a eficiência pura e dura e a magia inicial desaparece. Não esquecer o velho banco e a lição dos nabateus.

Como é que a Starbucks se comoditizou:

• Ao dar prioridade à eficiência operacional e ao aumento do volume de vendas, a Starbucks começou a parecer-se mais com um serviço genérico de café do que com um lugar único e acolhedor. Esta mudança resultou na perda da essência de ser o "third place" (um local além da casa e do trabalho onde as pessoas se podiam reunir e relaxar) que Howard Schultz havia idealizado.
• A automatização e a padronização dos processos reduziram o elemento humano e a personalização que diferenciavam a Starbucks dos outros estabelecimentos.
• Ao tentar atender tanto os clientes que buscavam conveniência rápida quanto aqueles que queriam uma experiência mais profunda e envolvente, a Starbucks acabou comprometendo a qualidade da experiência para ambos os grupos. 

Reduziram a qualidade da experiência em loja:

• As cadeiras confortáveis foram substituídas por cadeiras de madeira dura, incentivando os clientes a saírem rapidamente.
• Tornou-se difícil para os clientes encontrarem tomadas para carregar os seus dispositivos, reduzindo o tempo que passavam nas lojas. 
• Pedidos impressos substituíram a escrita manual nos copos, removendo o toque pessoal e as mensagens amigáveis que os baristas costumavam escrever.

Aumentou o foco na conveniência e no volume:

• O programa de fidelidade passou a focar mais o valor monetário das compras do que a experiência proporcionada.
• A introdução de drive-throughs e pedidos móveis aumentou as vendas, mas diminuiu a experiência no local, causando uma divisão da atenção dos baristas e criando um ambiente mais impessoal.

Mudança na atmosfera:

• O aroma característico de café fresco foi substituído por pacotes selados prontos para uso, diminuindo a experiência sensorial.
• Em certos locais, todas as cadeiras foram removidas para foco nos pedidos móveis, eliminando a possibilidade de socialização e relaxamento no local.

 Tensões internas e condições de trabalho:

• A Starbucks deixou de aparecer nas listas de melhores lugares para trabalhar, com funcionários vocalizando cada vez mais insatisfações sobre as suas condições de trabalho e a ênfase excessiva em métricas de vendas em detrimento da qualidade da interacção com os clientes.

Como dar a volta à situação?

"Recapturing the authenticity of the brand means doing away with the assembly-line feel of today's Starbucks, letting employees once again be key actors in the experience. The liveliness that comes with baristas shouting orders and the human connections they make are precisely what gave these places a neighborhood coffee shop feel — even if that meant an occasional odd misspelling on your cup or an unwarranted extra pump of syrup. Such "mistakes" made the Starbucks experience authentically human. Re-enriching jobs that have become routinized and empowering employees to stage meaningful experiences might also go a long way in improving their sentiment toward the company."

Criar experiências

Fala-se muito sobre a necessidade das lojas físicas criarem experiências.

Poucas vezes li um texto tão prático como "What a Toys “R” Us Comeback Could Look Like":

"retailers today face two choices: offer consumers time well saved or time well spent. Toys “R” Us failed at the former strategy in its first incarnation. In coming out of bankruptcy, the company must pursue a time-well-spent strategy, offering places where both parents and their kids enjoy great experiences.
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For the reborn company to have a chance, it must turn 180 degrees and embrace a parent- and kid-centric strategy. It must become a stager of toy-playing experiences — enticing consumers into its new places by offering experiences that both parents and kids value. (What child wants to go to a warehouse? What child doesn’t want to play?) It should strive to maximize the time consumers spend in its places, because the longer they are there, the more they will buy. This is the essence of a time-well-spent strategy.
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Imagine venues designed not around stocking toy packages with never-ending red-tag sales but around toys themselves with never-ending play experiences — one with spots where children can play with LEGO sets and participate in gaming tournaments. Imagine a testing lab where vendors pay to have children play with their latest and greatest toys. Imagine a studio where kids can design and create toys. Imagine becoming THE place for children’s birthday parties. (Surely Toys “R” Us could stage a far better experience than, say, Chuck E. Cheese’s, an experience that actually involves parents rather than shunting them off to the side.) In such venues, the warehouse would be in the back, out of consumers’ sight.
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The absolute best way of knowing you’re providing time well spent is to charge admission for gaining entry to at least parts of the store"

E a sua loja, como vai passar a cobrar admissão?

Serviços vs experiências

"Look at the primary economic distinctions between services and experiences. First, services are intangible—having little or no materiality (as tangible goods do)—while experiences are memorable. If you do not create a memory, then you have not offered a distinctive experience. And while being “nice” is, well, nice, it’s rarely memorable. Instead of just being nice, design your interactions to be so engaging that customers cannot help but remember them—and tell others about them.
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Second, services are outwardly customized—done for an individual person (or company)—while experiences are inherently personal. If you do not reach inside of people and engage their hearts and/or minds, then you have not offered a distinctive experience. Engineering your processes to be “easy” actually tends to get in the way of making them personal, so instead always take into account the actual, living, breathing person in front of you, even if treating him or her individually gets in the way of greater efficiency.
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Third, services are delivered on demand—when the customer says this is what he wants—while experiences are revealed over a duration. If you do not let your experience unfold dramatically over the course of your interactions in a way that goes beyond the routine, then you have not offered a distinctive experience. Striving to be “convenient” drains the interaction of all drama, so instead stage the sequence of your interactions in a way that embraces dramatic structure, rising to a climax and then bringing your customers back down again in a personal and memorable way. That’s why  services are delivered while experiences are staged."

Trechos retirados daqui.

"You Are What You Charge For"

Uma mensagem importante de Joe Pine:

"You can charge time once you create the right experience and for outcomes when you transform"

E logo esta manhã, no metro até à Póvoa de Varzim, encontro este trecho:

Quem co-proporciona o contexto para uma experiência cobra "tempo".

Trecho retirado de "The Great Fragmentation : why the future of business is small" de Steve Sammartino

Acerca de Mongo... um futuro em construção

"Mass Customization and Custom Artisans":
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"How disruptive is the following statement to your way of thinking about business?
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“Customers don’t want a choice; they want exactly what they want.”
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If your business model is based on a 20th century mass production paradigm, this observation about 21st century consumers by acclaimed author and business coach Joe Pine might spell trouble.
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But what if you’re a custom artisan? What impact do 21st century consumer attitudes and the mass customization movement in business have on your livelihood? (Moi ici: Como tudo se liga... indústrias tradicionais, pequenas séries, flexibilidade, rapidez, proximidade, printers 3D, design, inovação... Mongo!!!)

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Although many businesses have tried to introduce mass customization into their offerings, this is a difficult transformation. The number one obstacle they face is the mass production mindset. Mass production is designed to be “pushed” by efficiency, the need to utilize materials and equipment in the most cost-effective manner possible. (Moi ici: A minha velha guerra acerca da eficiência vs a eficácia, e a superioridade desta última) Mass customization, on the other hand, is “pulled” by customers’ choices.
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Mass customization has added a new element to the classic economic dyad of standardized goods and customized services. When companies mass customize goods, they become service businesses that help customers figure out what they want. “Mass customization automatically turns a service into an experience.” If people enjoy that experience, they will pay a premium for it."

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"The Maker Movement" (Moi ici: Isto é tocar o futuro...)

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"“The people who create, build, design, tinker, modify, hack, invent, or simply make something.” The definition of “maker” is also changing, he notes. Small businesses, startup entrepreneurs, inventors, craftspeople, can all be makers who embody “the spirit of DIY.” Awareness and appreciation of these people are growing, too.
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What does this movement stand for? What do they do? (Besides make things).

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According to Dale Dougherty, the founder of MAKE magazine and organizer of Maker Faire, and one of the luminaries of the movement, the makers are creating a new culture, a new way of looking at manufacturing, creativity, and ourselves."

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Daqui e aqui:

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""The 20th century was about dozens of markets of millions of people." Mass consumers, in other words. (Moi ici: O mundo para o qual as fábricas deste postal foram criadas para triunfar em grande)
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But—says Joe Kraus: "The 21st century is about millions of markets of dozens of people". A mind-changing insight, closely aligned with what Joe Pine told me 16 years ago.
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To cater for the radically changed consumer market place will need companies able to mass customize their products into huge numbers of individualised configurations, answering their customers’ individual needs. (Moi ici: Qual o mosaico de actividades, qual o tipo de fábrica, qual o tipo de relação com os consumidores, necessários para aproveitar esta mudança radical?)
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That’s the insight of the author and commentator Joe Pine; it is one not understood by most companies organised around the mass production principles which in many industries are now looking inadequate and tired."
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Ficção científica a entrar-nos pelo ecrã todos os dias...

A Realidade Aumentada

Há uns 2/3 anos fui surpreendido pelos meus filhos... senti que estava ali qualquer coisa de interessante mas não investi muito tempo nesse pensamento, julgo que nem coloquei aqui qualquer referência.
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Enquanto víamos o maior espectáculo europeu na televisão, acompanhávamos a Volta à França no canal Eurosport, os meus filhos viam e interagiam com os comentadores, através do Facebook, e com centenas de aficionados por esse mundo fora, através do Twitter. Deixavam de ser espectadores passivos, faziam parte de uma comunidade que ajudava a fazer a emissão e partilhava histórias, casos, estatísticas, respondiam e colocavam perguntas, davam opiniões, ...
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Já por mais de uma vez os levei em a sítios que escolheram por causa do jogo Geocashing...
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Voltei a reunir tudo isto, por causa disto:
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"Create and place geo-triggered notes wherever you want"

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"The notes pop up whenever you, or the people you choose to share the note with, are near where the note was placed. It can remind. It can organize. It can share an experience or a thought. It can virtually do whatever you want."

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Será isto o equivalente ao primeiro daguerreótipo? A criação de um novo mecanismo para guardar memórias?

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Já imagino filhos a deixar mensagens geo-estimuladas para avisar os pais para comprarem aquele livro, aquela camisola, aquele CD quando entram numa certa rua, numa certa loja.

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Já imagino uma loja a avisar um cliente habitual, que as suas padas preferidas estão quase a sair do forno, assim que o cliente se aproxima...

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Já imagino um Geocashing mais completo, com estas notas...

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Já imagino um serviço virtual de apoio a turistas, com mensagens geo-estimuladas...

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Tenho ali na prateleira, para leitura futura, o último livro de Joe Pine, "Infinite Possibility", que é sobre isto, sobre a Realidade Aumentada: o mundo digital ao conjugar-se com o mundo real, cria o não-espaço, o não-tempo, e a não-matéria.

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Que oportunidades de negócio estarão por detrás disto?

Internet sem co-criação, sem diferenciação, sem inovação...

"AI: What should the apparel industry be wary of when incorporating digital technology within their business strategy?

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JP: The number one watch-out is to not commoditize yourself — to use technology in ways that lessens differentiation and focuses your customers on price, price, price. That’s primarily what moving to the Web has done for most companies, (Moi ici: Internet sem co-criação, sem diferenciação, sem inovação... é um convite para a commoditização acelerada) for on the Web consumers can instantly compare prices from one vendor to the next, and that will tend to push down prices to the lowest possible point. I believe Augmented Reality offerings such as Google Goggles and Shopkick will tend to have this effect as well, and the remedy is to focus on the experiences consumers have rather than the prices of the products.

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AI: If you could give the apparel industry one piece of advice what would it be?

.JP: Let me go back to something I mentioned earlier — indeed, something I first wrote about in 1993! — and say all apparel companies should mass customize their offerings. For two reasons: on the demand side, recognize that every body is unique, and people deserve to get exactly what they need and want at a price they are willing to pay. And on the supply side, there is tens of billions of dollars of pure economic waste in the apparel industry, as companies make items they think consumers will want in sizes, quantities, and varieties that the forecasts always get wrong.
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Not to mention that helping consumers figure out what they want exactly can yield one heckuva engaging experience."

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Ou seja, ou continuamos no mesmo registo e temos de acelerar o processo de diferenciação, a caminho das 52 épocas por ano. Ou nos concentramos na experiência individual de cada um.

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Em qualquer dos casos a produção massificada não é a única alternativa para competir e o custo mais baixo não é condição necessária para ser competitivo.

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Trecho retirado de "Master of the Digital Age"

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