Tão familiar...

"Let me begin by describing a fairly typical meeting from one of my consulting clients, a large company. Senior management had gathered to make decisions about what to include in the next version of its product. As part of the company’s commitment to being data-driven, it had tried to conduct an experiment on pricing. The first part of the meeting was taken up with interpreting the data from the experiment.
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One problem was that nobody could agree on what the data meant. Many custom reports had been created for the meeting; the data warehouse team was at the meeting too. The more they were asked to explain the details of each row on the spreadsheet, the more evident it became that nobody understood how those numbers had been derived.
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Listening in, I assumed this would be the end of the meeting. With no agreed-on facts to help make the decision, I thought nobody would have any basis for making the case for a particular action. I was wrong. Each department simply took whatever interpretation of the data supported its position best and started advocating on its own behalf. Other departments would chime in with alternative interpretations that supported their positions, and so on. In the end, decisions were not made based on data. Instead, the executive running the meeting was forced to base decisions on the most plausible-sounding arguments.
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It seemed wasteful to me how much of the meeting had been spent debating the data because, in the end, the arguments that carried the day could have been made right at the start. It was as if each advocate sensed that he or she was about to be ambushed; if another team managed to bring clarity to the situation, it might undermine that person, and so the rational response was to obfuscate as much as possible. What a waste."

Trechos retirados de "The Lean Startup" de Eric Ries.

As opções durante uma reconversão - parte IV

Eric Ries escreveu isto:

"Every entrepreneur eventually faces an overriding challenge in developing a successful product: deciding when to pivot and when to persevere. ... There is no way to remove the human element - vision, intuition, judgment - from the practice of entrepreneurship, nor would that be desirable. ... Companies that cannot bring themselves to pivot to a new direction on the basis of feedback from the marketplace can get stuck in the land of the living dead, neither growing enough nor dying, consuming resources and commitment from employees and other stakeholders but not moving ahead."

A pensar nas startups.
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Eu, assim que li isto, pensei logo nas empresas que, perante uma mudança estrutural do mercado, continuam à espera que os "bons velhos tempos" regressem. Por isso, em vez de mudar, resolvem perseverar.

"The decision to pivot (Moi ici: De mudar de vida, de mudar de abordagem, de mudar de clientes, de mudar de oferta) is so difficult that many companies fail to make it."

Trechos retirados de "The Lean Startup"

Que incentivos?

Leio este artigo "Criatividade sai do forno das ruínas industriais" e associo-o logo a estes trechos:

"The irony is that it is often easier to raise money or acquire other resources when you have zero revenue, zero customers, and zero traction than when you have a small amount. Zero invites imagination, but small numbers invite questions about whether large numbers will ever materialize. Everyone knows (or thinks he or she knows) stories of products that achieved breakthrough success overnight. As long as nothing has been released and no data have been collected, it is still possible to imagine overnight success in the future. Small numbers pour cold water on that hope.
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This phenomenon creates a brutal incentive: postpone getting any data until you are certain of success. Of course, as we’ll see, such delays have the unfortunate effect of increasing the amount of wasted work, decreasing essential feedback, and dramatically increasing the risk that a startup will build something nobody wants."

Trechos retirados de "The Lean Startup" de Eric Ries

Acerca da medição da produtividade

"When people are used to evaluating their productivity locally, they feel that a good day is one in which they did their job well all day. When I worked as a programmer, that meant eight straight hours of programming without interruption. That was a good day. In contrast, if I was interrupted with questions, process, or - heaven forbid - meetings, I felt bad. What did I really accomplish that day? Code and product features were tangible to me; I could see them, understand them, and show them off. Learning, by contrast, is frustratingly intangible.
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The Lean Startup asks people to start measuring their productivity differently. Because startups often accidentally build something nobody wants, it doesn’t matter much if they do it on time and on budget. The goal of a startup is to figure out the right thing to build - the thing customers want and will pay for - as quickly as possible. In other words, the Lean Startup is a new way of looking at the development of innovative new products that emphasizes fast iteration and customer insight, a huge vision, and great ambition, all at the same time."

Em linha com o que escrevemos aqui ao longo dos anos sobre a diferença entre trabalhar o numerador e trabalhar o denominador, a diferença entre apostar na eficiência e a eficácia.

Trecho retirado de "The Lean Startup" de Eric Ries.

Não esperar por um Big Bang

Há tempos ouvi o relato, pela boca de Luís Delgado, do arranque do projecto Diário Digital. O projecto avançou em força e, só depois, de algum tempo e milhões de euros (ou escudos), é que perceberam que não era viável.
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O que me chocou foi a candura com que ele confessou (num dos programas "Contraditório" na Antena 1) o quanto foi gasto num projecto à partida sem a mínima ideia sobre se ia funcionar ou não, se teria mercado ou não.
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Julgo que este é um problema demasiado comum entre os empreendedores, o acharem que têm de fazer um grande investimento para começar, o acreditarem que um projecto deve arrancar completo, o ...
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A verdade é que cada vez mais acredito na ideia do "minimum viable product". Começar com um produto básico, mostrá-lo a um grupo de potenciais clientes e perceber qual o feedback, o que funciona e o que não funciona, e começar um conjunto de iterações baratas até atingir o jackpot.
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Como refere Eric Ries em "The lean startup":

"We adopted the view that our job was to find a synthesis between our vision and what customers would accept; it wasn’t to capitulate to what customers thought they wanted or to tell customers what they ought to want. As we came to understand our customers better, we were able to improve our products. As we did that, the fundamental metrics of our business changed. In the early days, despite our efforts to improve the product, our metrics were stubbornly flat.
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However, once we pivoted away from the original strategy, things started to change. Aligned with a superior strategy, our product development efforts became magically more productive—not because we were working harder but because we were working smarter, aligned with our customers’ real needs."

Interessante este exemplo de Jobs e Wozniask "Apple's Minimum Viable Product".
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Não esquecer a lição de Hsieh, a falta de dinheiro nunca é problema numa startup, é, quase sempre, uma benção.

Lean startup

Um bom exemplo: Mostrar, ver, é mais precioso do que ouvir conselhos

Não sei se tenho escrito o suficiente aqui no blogue sobre a criação de empresas.
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Há a ideia de que para criar uma empresa é preciso um grande investimento. Muito dinheiro para instalações, equipamentos, materiais, pessoas e marketing.
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Steven Blank, Eric Ries, Patrick Vlaskovits (basta pesquisar os nomes aqui no blogue) ensinaram-me que existe uma alternativa diferente (Minimum Viable Product) que recomenda, que antes de se começar a torrar dinheiro com ideias pré-concebidas, se aposte primeiro na descoberta do cliente e do produto antes de empatar o capital. Depois, uma vez afinado o produto a fornecer a que clientes-alvo, e só depois disto, começar a expandir o negócio.
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O risco é menor, o capital necessário é menor.
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Por isso, considero este exemplo "Vibrant Chocolate: Launching a Lean Startup in the Foods Industry" uma referência sobre como se pode fazer a coisa, sobre como se pode começar por uma ideia e testá-la sem grande empate de capital.
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O @fredericolucas chamou a atenção para "Youth@Work quer incentivar jovens portugueses a criarem empresas"... talvez o exemplo da Vibrant Chocolate possa ser útil.
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(BTW, uma iniciativa fica logo mal vista por mim quando leio este lirismo perigoso que nos trouxe até aqui: "João Seabra, também coordenador do ainda embrionário IdeaLab Diogo Vasconcelos da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, considera que o sucesso de uma empresa deve ser medido mais pela felicidade de quem nela trabalha do que pelas finanças da mesma" - caro João Seabra, tirando a iniciativa privada, não se tem feito outra coisa neste país que não seja esquecer as finanças da coisa. E o resultado está à vista.)
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Há que ser optimista, basta o Estado recolher um pouco as suas garras para que a frase de Blank se concretize "Só quando está mais escuro é que se vêem as estrelas"