Este é o tempo para repensar a estratégia (parte III)

Continuado daqui.
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A revista The Mckinsey Quarterly publicou um interessante artigo de Richard Rumelt intitulado "Strategy in a ‘structural break’ ".
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Mais um convite para a reflexão estratégica que se impõe neste momento, e recheado de interessantes conselhos:
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Alguns trechos que destaco do pensamento de Rumelt são:
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"There is nothing like a crisis to clarify the mind. In suddenly volatile and different times, you must have a strategy. I don’t mean most of the things people call strategy—mission statements, audacious goals, three- to five-year budget plans. I mean a real strategy."
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"By strategy, I mean a cohesive response to a challenge. A real strategy is neither a document nor a forecast but rather an overall approach based on a diagnosis of a challenge. The most important element of a strategy is a coherent viewpoint about the forces at work, not a plan."
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"I think we are looking at a structural break with the past—a phrase from econometrics, where it denotes the moment in time-series data when trends and the patterns of associations among variables change.A corporate crisis is often a sign that the company’s business model has petered out—that the industry’s underlying structure has changed dramatically, so old ways of doing business no longer work."
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"We know in our bones that the future will be different. When the business model of part or all of the economy shifts in this way, we can speak of a structural break."
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"Structural breaks render obsolete many existing patterns of behavior, yet they point the way forward for some companies and at times even for whole economies."
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"The wrong way forward in a structural break during hard times is to try more of the same. The break and the hard times are sure indications that an old pattern has already been pushed to its limits and is destroying value"
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"So during structural breaks in hard times, cutting costs isn’t enough. Things have to be done differently, and on two levels: reducing the complexity of corporate structures and transforming business models. At the corporate level, the first commandment is to simplify and simplify again. Since companies must become more modular and diverse, eliminate coordinating committees, review boards, and other mechanisms connecting businesses, products, or geographies. The aim of these cuts is to provide lean central and support services that don’t require business units to spend time and energy coordinating their activities."

Este é o tempo para repensar a estratégia (parte II)

Continuado daqui.
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Acerca da necessidade de repensar as estratégias das empresas, li um artigo que vai directo ao assunto.
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Um artigo que devia ser lido por muita boa gente, sobretudo por quem grita a plenos pulmões que os bancos têm de emprestar dinheiro às empresas, às cegas.
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Ler e estudar este artigo é um must “Rethink Your Strategy: An Urgent Memo to the CEO” da autoria de Paul Branstad, Bill Jackson e Shumeet Banerji.
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“the events of October 2008 should cause you to rethink the strategy for your business. The purpose of this article is to explain why this is so important and what to do next.
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But the speculative bubbles have burst, and now, the most critical thing is to see the dynamics clearly—not as an investor, but as a decision maker with a company to steer.
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Given the potential for discontinuous changes in the structure of your industry, playing your hand well means changing your stance. It also means preparing your company to move aggressively to seize strategic opportunities. These opportunities will likely present themselves sooner rather than later. That’s why the preparation cannot be postponed. The prescriptions for the weak are different from those for the strong.“
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Neste blogue tenho escrito sobre o tema da “Migração de valor” (por exemplo: Migração de valor (parte XII) ou Ersatz (parte III), da frugalidade (Frugalidade e ilusionismo) e da poupança (A Via Espartana).
Os autores do artigo ilustram as mudanças no padrão de consumo dos consumidores da seguinte forma:

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Depois, à boa maneira anglo-saxónica, os autores entram a matar:
“If your company is not well positioned right now, it is time to face the facts. (e se uma empresa que não está bem posicionada pede dinheiro emprestado a um banco, para arranjar tempo para suster a respiração, sem estudar previamente o que tem a fazer) You are probably going to be up against the wall—or, at best, your business will be much reduced. It doesn’t matter how you rationalize the circumstances that brought you here. The important thing is to prepare to take bold action to save as much value as you can. Denial will not add value.
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The most precious thing you have is time—and you may not have much. Do not waste it as some others recently have, notably at The Bear Stearns Companies and Lehman Brothers Holdings. Instead, look dispassionately at your business.
Judge its relative position honestly, by answering a few tough, value-testing questions:”
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Depois, continuam no mesmo estilo “If you honestly conclude you are weak, time is of the essence. Figure out how to best position your assets and your people and take the right steps to give every piece of your company its best chance to succeed, even if under different ownership.
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Para as empresas que não estão encostadas à parede os autores propõem:
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“For everyone else—all those companies that aren’t up against the wall— the first objective is to become as strong as possible, as fast as possible. We are entering a period in which it will be enormously valuable to be able to act decisively from a position of strength and in a long-term, genuinely strategic manner.”
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Em cima da mesa estão 5 jogadas estratégicas possíveis neste ambiente de turbulência.

Já à muito que escrevo e prego a máxima “concentrar uma organização no que é essencial”. Deitar fora, eliminar, vender tudo o que não é essencial para chegar ao futuro desejado.
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“First, reexamine your portfolio of businesses and shed the marginal ones.“
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“For each business, ask: Is it core to your company’s future value? Can you envision it as the basis for a sustaining stream of attractive rowth opportunities? Does it offer a path to building financial performance that is greater than what investors can earn elsewhere in their equity portfolios?
Concentrate your corporate strategy on the businesses for which you can answer “yes” to all three questions— and monetize the rest. There will be too many good opportunities for you to build on this core to bother with anything else.“
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Como Portugal vive em crise há oito anos, as receitas que tenho pregado neste blogue e junto das empresas são as mesmas que os autores propõem agora para as empresas neste ambiente de crise global. Reparem bem na linguagem…
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“Also answer this question: Who are your most important customers? Focusing on your most valuable customers will be just as important as focusing on your most valuable businesses.
On the demand side, these are the customers whose missions will grow the fastest and who reward you with loyalty and respect. If you are a business-to-business producer, seek out customers who recognize your product or service as the one that delivers the greatest surplus value relative to their next best alternative—regardless of its price or your profits.
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On the supply side, your most valuable customers are those with critical needs for the products that offer you the greatest ability to compete not just on price but on value. Forget about your also-ran, me-too offerings.
Bet your business on the products and services in which you have a competitive advantage through your capabilities: your technology, your cost position, your design and manufacturing skills, and your ability to reach and serve customers effectively.
If you are strong, you will always see opportunities to better serve your most valuable customers and to gain more market share. You only have to be willing to challenge yourself to look. Spare extra cash for the customers that matter. Stay focused on your best businesses, your best products, and your best customers.”
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Convém analisar as outras 4 propostas de acção.
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“Prepare to Weather the Storm”: “We are and will continue to be in a recession. Consumer demand is not coming back to superheated levels anytime soon, and pressure on prices and margins will only increase (Não tenham ilusões!!! Não vão voltar!!!). So don’t wait. Reduce your breakeven now—by a lot. (E os bancos não têm razão ao serem prudentes sobre emprestar dinheiro neste momento?)
If at all possible, you should make your company profitable even in the worst-case scenario, if for no other reason than to demonstrate its staying power. This means lowering your break-even volume, your break-even volume as a percentage of capacity, and your capacity, all at the same time.”
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“Anticipate the Future Industry Structure”: (Esta proposta devia ser enviada a muito boa gente. Gente que fala muito e reflecte pouco ou, apesar da pouca experiência que tem no terreno, não se coíbe de mandar postas-de-pescada). “do your economic homework and decide how your industry should be structured as it moves into recovery.
Anticipate that major changes may now be possible whereas before you may only have thought incrementally.
This downturn is a once-in-a-century opportunity to redefine your competitive position.
(Atenção a este pormaior) “Voices arguing for simple, rapid solutions should be suppressed. The situation you are in is unique and you probably do not yet know enough. Most likely, you do not already have an established process within your business for rigorously constructing fact-based industry perspectives. You need to direct your company to create such a process.” (Pois, recorrer a empréstimos sem qualquer reflexão estratégica, para suster a respiração debaixo de água faz-me lembrar esta estória, infelizmente verdadeira À espera da retoma).
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“Resolve Your Game Plan”: “The key for these expenditures is prioritization. In good times, companies are known to become sloppy with some investments. R&D, new product development, and capital expenditures are the places where your priorities should play out most clearly.
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Within your core businesses, you will want to be strategically aggressive— to fight for increased market share and the conversion to your brands of the most valuable product and customer segments. But avoid using pricing to secure the volume you need to cover fixed costs you shouldn’t have in the first place. Maintaining both the value you deliver to customers and your ability to get customers to recognize and pay for that value will be particularly critical in the quarters ahead. Required rates of return have gone up (Está escrito nas estrelas… crédito mais caro implica que o dinheiro investido no negócio tem de render mais do que era o padrão no universo económico anterior onde vivíamos). Market demand is going down.

Quanto às conclusões:
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“… Understand and plan for the worst-case scenario (atenção spin-doctors estão a seguir a opção errada nesta estórias da gestão das expectivas), and manage your balance sheet tightly.
• Concentrate on your core businesses and on your most strategically valuable customers. These are your only priorities. (Agora ainda mais importante do que nunca)
• Rethink your growth and investment strategy for those core businesses, anticipating the opportunities that will come to you. Seek out opportunities to restructure the industries around these businesses.”
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Se um banco pedir evidências deste tipo de reflexão estratégica a uma empresa que lhe peça dinheiro emprestado o que é que vai receber?

Por tudo isto não creio que este seja um bom título, ou um bom tema "Conferência “Como Crescer em Tempo de Crise”".

Adenda das 08:08 - "Fresh credit strains in Europe as Deutsche Bank shocks markets"

"Standard & Poor's warned that a fifth of all lower-rated companies in Western Europe and the UK are likely to default over the next two years, greatly exceeding the scale of bankruptcies after the dotcom bust." ...

"The European Central Bank warned in its Financial Stability Report this week that lenders are at risk from a deeper slowdown than expected. "Banks need to be especially vigilant in ensuring that they have adequate capital and liquidity buffers to cushion the risks that lie ahead," it said."

Este é o tempo para repensar a estratégia (parte I)

Na passada segunda-feira, num comentário ao postal Como eu olho para a crise o meu amigo Aranha comentou:
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“Eu hoje em dia sinto-me esmagado! Cansado do tema Crise...”
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Por que escrevo e procuro o máximo de informação sobre a Crise?
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Não, não é para chorar!!!
Não, não é por masoquismo!!!
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Não, não é para ganhar pontos políticos!!! (Prisioneiros da sua natueza... sem alternativa para escapar?)
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Não, não é para …
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É para melhor compreender a realidade que me rodeia, o que se passou, o que se está a passar e as janelas de possibilidades para o que poderá se passar no futuro.
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É para melhor identificar as forças motrizes em jogo e melhor articular as relações de causa-efeito entre elas.
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É para melhor caracterizar o terreno onde as organizações com que trabalho vão ter de actuar.
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Podemos não ter poder para mudar o oceano e as correntes onde as organizações operam, mas podemos tentar percebê-los um pouco menos mal para nos situar-mos e melhor conceptualizar-mos as opções disponíveis.
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Se procuro retratar e sentir os fluxos da realidade, e a energia em jogo nas regiões de subducção das placas tectónicas do mercado, não é para me queixar ou melhor aconselhar as organizações a pedirem subsídios e apoios (essa é uma guerra onde não entro). O segundo homem da minha vida profissional, Stephen Covey (o primeiro foi Peter Drucker) chama a atenção no seu livro, "The seven habits of highly effective people", para:
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"It means more than merely taking initiative. It means that as human beings, we are responsible for our own lives. Our behavior is a function of our decisions, not our conditions."
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"Highly proactive people recognize that responsibility. They do not blame circumstances, conditions, or conditioning for their behavior. Their behavior is a product of their own conscious choice, based on values, rather than a product of their conditions, based on feeling.
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Because we are, by nature, proactive, if our lives are a function of conditioning and conditions, it is because we have, by conscious decision or by default, chosen to empower those things to control us.
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In making such a choice, we become reactive."
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"It's not what happens to us, but our response to what happens to us that hurt us." (Isto é tão verdadeiro!!!)
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"Many people wait for something to happen or someone to take care of them. But people who end up with the good jobs are the proactive ones who are solutions to problems, not problems themselves, who seize the initiative to do whatever is necessary, consistent with correct principles, to get the job done."
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Percepcionando a realidade, percepcionando as mudanças em curso, chega-se a uma situação onde se torna imperativa a frieza da análise à la Greenwald e Kahn: Faz sentido continuar a apostar num negócio?
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O governo e as associações empresariais pressionam os bancos para que emprestem dinheiro às empresas "Teixeira dos Santos: ”É preciso pressionar os bancos para que façam chegar o dinheiro às empresas”" (que comentei aqui: Comunicamos por sombras através de biombos)
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No entanto, as mudanças em curso muito cedo desenharam um cenário muito mais exigente para as empresas no futuro, ainda antes da derrocada na procura que ocorreu no último mês, com o aumento da exigência de rentabilidade do negócio:
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“Pelo contrário, se o crédito se tornar mais escasso e com taxas de juro superiores (cuidado com os spreads), as empresas terão de apostar em estratégias com um maior grau de pureza, risco e taxas de mortalidade mais elevadas, mas taxas de rentabilidade mais atractivas.” que avancei aqui: Que futuro? e esquematizei assim:
O governo e as associações empresariais querem que os bancos emprestem dinheiro às empresas!
Para que serve um banco?
O dinheiro não é do banco, é dos seus depositantes e investidores. A função do banco é salvaguardar os interesses dos donos do dinheiro.
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Que garantias têm os bancos de que as empresas vão aplicar bem o dinheiro?
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E as empresas vão aplicar o dinheiro onde? A fazer o quê?
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Que reflexão estratégica fizeram?
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Se o dinheiro for para suster a respiração e manter tudo como está quase de certeza que vai ser mal aplicado. Para evitar esse desperdício há que repensar o futuro das empresas e das suas estratégias nestes tempos turbulentos e no “day after”.
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Quando há um terramoto de grande magnitude comparam-se fotografias do aspecto de construções, de bairros, de estradas e pontes antes e depois do acontecimento.
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Nós estamos a viver um desses terramotos só que em slow-motion, não dura apenas os 40-70 segundos da praxe.
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Assim, antes que o futuro fique desenhado convém aproveitar o tempo para rever a estratégia, para rever o posicionamento de uma empresa e agir.
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Do livro "Confronting Reality - Doing what matters to get things right" de Larry Bossidy & Ram Charan relembro:
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“To confront reality is to recognize the world as it is, not as you wish it to be, and have the courage to do what must be done, not what you’d like to do.”
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"The most widespread unrealistic behavior when the game changes drastically is to violate the First Law of Holes (when you're in one, stop digging). People redouble their efforts to do waht they know best. They often achieve heroic results - which are, alas, almost as often pointless, because they fail to confront the new realities.”
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Se o dinheiro dos bancos chegar às empresas quanto dele não será para cavar ainda mais o buraco?
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Este é o tempo para repensar o futuro e a estratégia. Sem isso emprestar dinheiro é pôr dinheiro sobre os problemas e não sobre as oportunidades.
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Este é o tempo de voltar ao fundamental (back to the basics) e o fundamental foi capturado por Peter Drucker no livro “Managing in Turbulent Times. Para tempos turbulentos propunha:
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“The manager will have to look at her task and ask, “What must I do to be prepared for danger, for opportunities, and above all for change?”
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First, this is a time to make sure that your organization is lean and can move fast. So this is a time when one systematically abandons and sloughs off unjustifiable products and activities—and sees to it that the really important tasks are adequately supported.”
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"In turbulent times, the first task of management is to make sure of the institution’s capacity for survival, to make sure of its structural strengths, of its capacity to survive a blow, to adapt to sudden change, and to avail itself of new opportunities."
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“The greatest and most dangerous turbulence today results from the collision between the delusions of the decision makers—whether in governments, in the top managements of businesses, or in union leadership—and the realities.
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But a time of turbulence is also one of great opportunity for those who can understand, accept, and exploit the new realities. One constant theme is, therefore, the need for the decision maker in the individual enterprise to face up to reality and resist the temptation of what “everybody knows,” the temptations of the certainties of yesterday, which are about to become the deleterious superstitions of tomorrow. To manage in turbulent times, therefore, means to face up to the new realities. It means starting with the question: “What is the world really like?” rather than with the assertions and assumptions that made sense only a few years ago.”
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Continua brevemente.