"Widening dispersion in productivity"

Este tipo de trabalhos, "Declining Business Dynamism: Implications for Productivity?" de Ryan A. Decker, John Haltiwanger, Ron S. Jarmin, e Javier Miranda, publicado em Setembro de 2016 por Hutchins Center Working Paper #23, põe-me sempre a pensar que alguém olhou para as estatísticas mas não lida com a realidade micro.

"The last few decades have seen a decline in business dynamism, as measured by indicators such as new firm formations, worker flows, and job creation and destruction. This is a potentially worrisome trend because an important driver of productivity growth is the reallocation of resources from less productive to more productive firms.
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there is a clear downward trend in the rate of startups (new firms), and a slower decline in the rate of firm exits. Similarly, over the last several decades, the share of employment at young firms has dropped from 20 percent to 10 percent.
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using revenue per employee as a measure of productivity, the authors show that the gap in productivity between the most and least productive firms has widened over time.
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Widening dispersion in productivity is potentially a sign that firms are facing increasing frictions in adjusting to their appropriate size, or that the least productive firms are not catching up to the most productive firms as quickly as they used to.[Moi ici: Tenho uma explicação para esta evolução. O aumento da produtividade pode ser feito por muitas vias. Ou apostando no denominador, ou apostando no numerador. Por outro lado, recordar aquela evolução da figura lá de cima ... em Mongo, com tantos picos, as empresas fazem diferentes apostas competitivas com consequências a nível de produtividade, daí o aumento da dispersão]
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the link between a firm’s level of labor productivity and its rate of employment growth has been getting weaker over time. Whereas in the past more productive firms in the same industry expanded employment while less productive firms contracted, today this is less true."[Moi ici: Perfeitamente explicável pelo facto de a escala deixar de ser cada vez mais uma vantagem competitiva. Basta ver o exemplo do calçado em Portugal. A produtividade aumentou e o emprego baixou, porque a vantagem competitiva deixou de ser o preço, deixou de ser produzir séries grandes para clientes grandes]