A polarização dos mercados

A polarização dos mercados é um fenómeno que não surgiu com esta crise.
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Por exemplo, em 1996 Adrian  Slywotzky escreveu "Value Migration" de onde retirei:
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"1. Customers in many industries, becoming more sophisticated, are less apt to pay high prices simply to stay with a know brand if a less-costly, high-quality substitute is available.
2. The competitive circle has expanded. An increasing number of international and entrepreneurial competitors with innovative business designs can provide superior utility to customers.
3. Advances in technology, which have made it far easier to produce lower-cost substitutes for many manufactured goods and components, have created more cross-category competition than existed in the past.
4. Many businesses are becoming less scale intensive. Lower-cost information, extensive use of outsourcing, and a trend away from manufacturing intensity are all reducing barriers to entry.
5. Improved customer access to information has lowered switching costs.
6. New competitors have easier access to capital, removing the advantage of a large existing cash flow associated with an established position."
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Em Novembro de 2005 o The McKinsey Quarterly publicou o artigo "The vanishing middle market" de Trond Riiber Knudsen, Andreas Randel, e Jørgen Rugholm que mostrava e exemplificava o desaparecimento do mercado do meio termo.
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Em 2006 Michael Silverstein escreveu "Treasure Hunt" de onde retirei logo da mensagem inicial ao leitor:
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"This book tells the story of how middle-class consumers around the world are reshaping the consumer-goods market by trading down to low-price products and services, trading up to premium ones, and avoiding the boredom and low value that incresingly characterize the middle."
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É natural que a crise que vivemos tenha influenciado esta polarização dos mercados. No entanto, não a criou!
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Ontem o Financial Times abordou o tema com o artigo "Unequal recovery":
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"Markets can tell you how the world has changed before statisticians have even printed their questionnaires. Consider that since the end of the US recession in June 2009, shares in Tiffany and Saks, which both sell mostly to the rich, have risen 108 and 186 per cent respectively; shares in discount retailers Family Dollar and Costco are both up about 50 per cent; but shares in mid-range retailers Walmart andBest Buy are up 3 and down 15 per cent respectively. European markets tell the same story: companies that sell to the very rich or the very poor are prospering; those selling to the middle are not."