Foco no cliente, não na oferta

O livro "Service Innovation" de Lance Bettencourt começa muito bem:

"'The secret of true service innovation is that you must shift the focus away from the service solution and back to the customer. Rather than asking, "How are we doing?" a company must ask, "How is the customer doing?" To achieve this shift in focus, companies must begin to think very differently about how customers define value based on the needs they are trying to satisfy. A proper understanding of these needs enables value to be understood in advance of any particular innovation being created. True service innovation demands that a company expands its horizon beyond existing services and service capabilities and give its attention to the jobs that customers are trying to get done and the outcomes that they use to measure success in completing those jobs."

Algo bem na linha do que MacDivitt e Wilkinson escrevem em "Value-Based Pricing":

"Arguably the biggest challenge faking companies at the beginning of their journey was to identify the competitive advantage (or advantages) that were to form their vehicle for VBP. This is a rather scary and quite subtle consequence of a cost-based approach. Intense focus on specification and functionality of products, coupled with a search for a competitive advantage, leads almost inevitably to technological development of some aspect of the specification the seller considers to be important.
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Companies have a good microscope but are using it to look at the wrong thing. If and when a differentiation is found, it is almost certain to be product-based. As time goes on, this becomes harder and harder to do regardless of how much money is spent. Focusing exclusively on product innovation, and spending all their effort and development funds on this, prevents companies from looking in the right direction - namely, understanding what value the customer is looking for.
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The issue is not the product—it is the total offer that matters. Delivery, technical support, laboratory tests, assays, and so on are all seen through the lens of helping to sell the (more or less commoditized) product and not as value-adding elements in their own right. This is where the problem lies. Sellers often consider themselves to be scientists first and salespeople (a long way) second. While sellers can understand the arguments about the total offer, their training and education take them back inexorably to discussions of product technology. Since they are selling on the basis of product specification, they can do nothing else but cave in when a buyer demands a discount on the basis that the product in question is a commodity. This is demoralizing for this kind of salesperson because she can see no way out."

Entretanto, Ulwick e Bettencourt em "Giving Customers a Fair Hearing" sistematizam estas estruturas para abordar o cliente:

Cost-based pricing leads to obsessive focus on cost cutting

"Many companies in our sample implemented cost-based pricing. Cost-based pricing leads to obsessive focus on cost cutting. To maximize margins, companies' production engineers go into overdrive and make heroic - and often technically brilliant - efforts to cut costs. This is how companies always have tried to improve margins, and cost reductions is built into these companies's DNA. Managers are often very comfortable with this approach because they understand it and it is familiar, even though they may not like it. We describe these approaches as cost-based pricing hygiene factors.
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A cost-based pricing environment frequently leads to an order-taking mentality, overfocus on product specification, and underfocus on customer value. The consequence, of course, is that the salesperson has no ammunition to fight back against discount demands and in order to win the deal feels that he must offer the discount.
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The more successful companies focused on the quality of the deals they pursued, preferring to select contracts with profitability rather than high revenue. They were willing to walk away if the deal offered was unacceptable. Every one of the more successful companies insisted on working with the problem owner and would refuse to deal with the buying agent."

Há anos que prego isto aqui no blogue.
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Trecho retirado de "Value-Based Pricing" de Harry Macdivitt e Mike Wilkinson.

"Value-Based Pricing"

Um excelente livro, "Value-Based Pricing" de Harry Macdivitt e Mike Wilkinson, de onde retirei este trecho:

"the customer's understanding of the real worth of the value offered. Not every customer will acknowledge this worth. Some will seek to "rubbish" the assertions of the supplier or seek to denigrate the offer by challenging its uniqueness, performance, and so on. In such circumstances, the vendor needs to decide whether such a sale is worth the effort. He always should be prepared to walk away rather than compromise on price or yield to bullying behavior. There are, after all, other customers who will understand, acknowledge, and buy into a proposition. These value buyers are our target. For VBP (value-based pricing) to have any prospect of success, we need to deal with individuals who are willing to listen intelligently to our offer and have the vision to recognise the potential impact of this offer on their own value-adding processes. This will mean being willing on occasion to bypass procurement and go direct to the owners of the problem.
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VBP is not just about charging higher prices, nor is it only about better profit - it is about better business. It is about being rewarded for creative thinking and innovation and delivering propositions to the right customers that generate sustainable win-win relationships. VBP is not about profit maximization at the expense of relationships, and it is certainly not about "ripping off" our customers. These attitudes merely lead to adversarial relationships in the future. As one of our clients put it, "We need to have some skin in the game.""

(No B2B) Quem são os seus compradores? São eles os detentores do problema que o produto/serviço vai resolver? Se não são os detentores, "don't have skin in the game", logo, vai ser difícil passar o conteúdo do valor da solução, muito provavelmente vão estar interessados no preço mais baixo do produto/serviço genérico. Consegue fazer-lhes by-pass e ir directo ao dono do problema que o produto/serviço ajuda a resolver de forma superior?

e vocês, por que são diferentes?

Esta imagem:

É um bom exemplo para iniciar uma reflexão sobre a noção de valor na mente dos clientes.
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Pessoalmente, gostaria de construir uma com azeite, ou vinho, ou vinagre, ou sal, ou arroz, ou massas, ou maçãs, ou ...
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Ou seja, podemos construir um exemplo em muitos sectores de actividade.
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Água é água!
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Água é água? Então, como explicar esta disparidade de preços?
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E quando alguém começa a ter de explicar porque é que o sal que se vende a 35€/kg é diferente do sal a 0,15€/kg, deixa de existir a commodity sal e passam a ser interiorizados todo um conjunto de experiências/atributos que fazem a diferença, que explicam a diferença.
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Depois, podemos repetir a experiência com o azeite. Expor 7 ou 8 tipos de azeites diferentes: desde o garrafão de 5 litros da marca polegar até uma garrafa de 250 ml com azeite premiado a 10 ou 11 €/litro e repetir o exercício.
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Depois, colocar uma maçã de Moimenta da Beira no centro de uma mesa e uma maçã brasileira no centro de outra mesa e perguntar: o que arranjam para diferenciar as maçãs e justificar um preço premium para a maçã de Moimenta da Beira?
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Por fim, esperando que a mecânica tenha sido apreendida sem as barreiras do dia-a-dia, colocar uma foto do produto/serviço da empresa e outras fotos de produtos/serviços da concorrência e perguntar: e vocês, por que são diferentes? Por que valerá a pena optar por vocês?
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Subir na escala de valor é o caminho que interessa.


Imagem retirada desta apresentação de Harry Macdivitt.