Acerca de valor para o cliente (parte I)

"Within the past few decades, there has been a broad shift from searching for sources of competitive advantage within a company, to investigating external sources of competitive advantage.
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Arguing so, the C-D logic even goes further in positioning the customer in the center by shifting the focus from the company’s processes to the customer’s reality and history.
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Broadly discussed and commonly accepted is the shift from value-in-exchange to value-in-use.
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Value-in-use expresses the idea that value is created by using a product or service, rather than by producing the product or service, which constitutes one key assumption of the S-D logic.
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This idea is advanced by value-in-context, which lays an emphasis on the role of “[...] other market-facing, public, and private resources [...]”. In line with this, a notable article emphasizes the customers’ embeddedness into a social context by applying social construction theories [Moi ici: Malta da ISO 9001:2015 estão a ver aqui alguma relação com a cláusula 4.2?]
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The C-D logic recognizes this by emphasizing the highly dynamic and multi-contextual reality and life of the customer, implying a significant emphasis on the customer’s experiences and history, especially in service settings. As a result, the notion of value-in-life is proposed. Whether value-in-context or value-in-life is more appropriate is not yet commonly agreed upon."

Trechos retirados de "Reframing customer value from a dominant logics perspective" de Tobias Schlager e Peter Maas e publicado por International Journal of Marketing (2012) 51:101–113

"customers’ active role in value creation"

"A business logic is a strategic mindset, or a mental model, of a company and its business activities, and thus, it guides conscious and unconscious decisions made in companies. Contemporary academic discussions on business logics that focus on the identification and creation of customer value and the actual business logics that companies apply in practice seem to differ significantly. Traditional thinking about value creation in business sees every company as occupying a position in the value chain, adding value to inputs and then passing the output to the next actor in the chain. In a value chain, value creation takes place inside a company through its own activities, and companies act autonomously with little or no interference from customers. Consequently, the value-added is equalised with the cost incurred by the supplier company. This traditional business logic based on goods-dominant logic (GDL) suggests that value is embedded in the units of output (value-in-exchange), and the outputs present the fundamental units of exchange. Interaction takes place mostly at the end of the value chain, and the value chain stops when the end-customer has bought a product or service. GDL highlights the supplier company’s process as primary, and the role of a customer is to fulfil scripts defined by the supplier.
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During the past decade, the academic discussion has strongly shifted away from GDL and the traditional thinking about the sequential value creation process to new business logics that emphasise customers’ active role in value creation. The service-dominant logic (SDL), service logic and customer-dominant logic (CDL) have dramatically changed the understanding of business thinking and value creation. However, most businesses continue to operate in terms of GDL, and the reason for this may not always be ignorance of the new thinking, but lack of managerial approaches and tools."

Na passada semana achei deliciosa a conversa numa empresa. Um seu potencial cliente compra máquinas na Europa Central. A empresa olhou para a forma como o cliente usa a máquina e conquistou-o, não pelo o que a máquina faz, mas por olhar para as preocupações e desafios colaterais que o cliente tem ao usar a máquina.

Trecho retirado de "Service Logic Business Model Canvas" de Jukka Ojasalo e Katri Ojasalo, publicado por Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship.

"the resourceness of resources"

"the starting point of S-D logic is the idea that service is exchanged for service to cocreate value; that is, to increase the wellbeing and viability of an actor or system. Central to this view is the idea that value creation as a process emerges and unfolds over extended periods of time as a multi-actor effort of integrating resources through the exchange of service, either directly or indirectly. Value, as an emergent outcome of this process, is contingent on the integrated resources as well as contextually determined by each actor in a specific instance of the process, making value perception potentially quite unique and asymmetric.
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An important part of the service-centered view is to understand that the nature of resources is contextual. In other words, resources are not, they become. This means that actors’ knowledge and skills - that is, other resources - determine the resourceness of resources."

Como não relacionar estes sublinhados com o salazarismo corporativista que sabe o que é que é melhor para o cliente

Trechos retirados de "The evolution of markets – A service ecosystems perspective" de Kaisa Koskela-Huotari

"Prices are therefore co-created with customers"

"While the difficult-to-imitate and non-mobile resources protect firms against excessive value appropriation by competitors, pricing helps to protect them against excessive value capturing by customers.
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explicit assessment of what a product or service is worth to the customer, leads to higher levels of new products and increases managers’ satisfaction with price decisions. This practice has become known in the literature as value-informed pricing, sometimes called value-based pricing.
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Value-informed pricing refers to the degree to which decision makers base the price of a market offering on the customers’ perceptions of the benefits that the product offers, and how these benefits are traded-off by customers against the price (that has yet to be determined). Managers create such understanding through the organizational processing of market information. The increasing attention for such pricing practices can be explained from their great appeal to managers, who see immediate returns from improving their value-informed pricing practices.
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prices are the reward for value creation and that value-informed pricing is the central pricing practice in this process. Because market positions change in the dynamic process of competition, prices should change with them. Pricing is a, so called, operant resource that acts on other resources, including the customer. Prices are therefore co-created with customers and include not only the how much, but also the how, whether, when, by whom, and where elements of the reward. Companies can innovate in pricing and thereby increase their pricing competitive advantage. Prices do not only vary between high and low, but also between “good” and “bad”. Ineffective pricing is not only detrimental to the seller, but as these effects ripple through networks, they eventually harm economic growth."

Trechos retirados de Paul T.M. Ingenbleek , (2014),"The theoretical foundations of value-informed pricing in the service-dominant logic of marketing", Management Decision, Vol. 52 Iss 1 pp. 33 - 53

Continua.