"The Effect of Labor on Profitability: The Role of Quality” (parte II)

Este artigo “The Effect of Labor on Profitability: The Role of Quality” chama a atenção para a importância da batota na interacção com os clientes.
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"Although some authors argue for the benefits of bringing process discipline to service settings (Levitt 1972), most research in these settings focuses on service quality. There is limited evidence for the positive effect of conformance quality on profitability in service settings (Tsikritsis 2007). My study provides further empirical evidence of precisely that effect."
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"Beta has developed standard operating procedures for each of its store processes and tracks conformance to several processes via district manager visits, store audits, and collection of process performance data."
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"The Role of Process Discipline at Retail Stores
In my study, the mechanism through which store labor increases profit margins is conformance quality and not service quality. A one-standard-deviation increase in conformance quality is associated with a 4.1% increase in store profit margins. This finding suggests that when ensuring product availability is important and when offering environments where customers shop on their own is important (e.g. supermarkets, general merchandise stores, drug stores, and some specialty retailers), conformance quality is an important driver of financial performance. This has several implications for management.
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In such settings, it is important to design processes so that they are simple and easy to follow, especially when there is high employee turnover, as in the retail industry. Good process design needs to be backed up with an organizational culture that emphasizes conformance to these processes."
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Desenhar e implementar os processos que o artigo menciona é aquilo que eu chamo, no contexto de uma loja, fazer batota. Definir o que há a fazer, por quem, com que frequência, com que recursos, com que bitola. A interacção cliente-loja não pode ser deixada ao sabor do acaso, tem de ser, deve ser, desenhada e conduzida, para que se obtenham os resultados desejados.

The Effect of Labor on Profitability: The Role of Quality”

"Encontrei na internet um interessante artigo que merecia uma reflexão, por parte dos gestores de lojas, nestes tempos difíceis.
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O artigo é de Zeynep Ton e chama-se “The Effect of Labor on Profitability: The Role of Quality”.

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Antes de mais o esclarecimento: “The retailer I study competes on the basis of ensuring high product availability. Its stores offer a predominantly self-service environment where most customers do not expect or receive personalized attention from a salesperson. In such a retail setting, getting the right product to the right place at the right time may be more important than making sure that customers are satisfied with their overall service experience.” (empresas como “supermarkets, general merchandise stores, drug stores, and some specialty retailers” (estilo IKEA, AKI, Calçado Guimarães, …)).
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Algumas definições a ter em conta:
Service quality – the extent to which customers have a positive service experience at the stores
Conformance quality – how well employees execute prescribed processes
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O esquema que se segue ilustra as conclusões do autor do artigo

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O aumento dos “Staffing levels” leva a um aumento da “Conformance quality” que ajuda quer as vendas quer a rentabilidade.
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O aumento dos “Staffing levels” leva a um aumento da “Service quality” que ajuda as vendas mas não contribui necessariamente para a rentabilidade (atenção à caracterização do tipo de retailer).
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Quando as vendas baixam aumenta a pressão da gestão de topo sobre os gestores das lojas o que os leva a reduzir os “Staffing levels” o que deteriora a qualidade do serviço e a “conformance quality”, o que deteriora as vendas, o que faz aumentar a pressão da gestão de topo sobre os gestores das lojas, o que …
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Algumas notas que destaco são:
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“My findings have both operational and strategic implications. Operationally, given that increasing the amount of labor is associated with higher profitability, the stores I study are, on average, operating at a level where the marginal benefit of adding labor exceeds the marginal cost. In short, they choose labor levels that do not maximize profits. These findings are consistent with those of scholars who suggest that, when cost information is more available to managers than benefit information is, managers may tend to pay too much heed to the costs (King and Lenox 2002). They are also consistent with scholars who suggest that managers overemphasize short-term profitability targets at the expense of long-term profitability (Mizik and Jacobson 2007). Strategically, my findings suggest that, in certain service settings, conformance quality can have more impact on profitability than service quality does. This is important because many companies, including my research site, emphasize service quality over conformance quality.”
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Um ponto que muito apreciei foi este:
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“companies that emphasize revenue expansion—a measure of marketing performance in their study—financially outperform companies that emphasize cost reduction—a measure of operational performance in their study, financial performance being measured as managers’ perceptions of their firm’s financial performance.“

Como seria de esperar:
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“becoming lean, in terms of decreasing labor capacity, has the hidden cost of reduced service quality.”
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Para reforçar a ideia de que o importante é a rentabilidade e não o volume:
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“Profitability is stimulated by loyal customers; customer loyalty results from customer satisfaction; customer satisfaction results from the value of services provided to the customers. The value of services provided to the customers is a function of service quality. Empirical evidence for the linkages in the service profit chain, however, has been limited. While the positive relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and increased sales is empirically well established, the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and profitability is not.”
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“These results show that despite the retailer’s emphasis on service quality, conformance quality is more associated with financial performance than service quality is.“