A outra via

Ainda na semana passada, no âmbito de uma formação, recordei esta reflexão "O perigo da cristalização".

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Assim, foi com um sorriso cúmplice que recebi este artigo "How to Break Out of the Commodity Trap: A Lesson from Mickey Mouse".

"Look at almost any industry and you will see companies struggling to differentiate what they have to offer from everything else in the marketplace. So it’s hardly surprising that one of the most common complaints I hear from senior executives is “My product is becoming commoditized. Is there a way out?”"

"The only way out of the trap is to reframe a situation so that you can make a fundamental shift in strategy. And the best starting point for this is understanding what drives commoditization: product modularity."

"modularity comes with two unintended consequences. First, other companies can enter the industry by complying with the pre-defined standards. And the second is the globalization of production.
By lowering the barrier to entry, modularity allows manufacturers from emerging economies to grab part of the action, often taking advantage initially of cheap wages. Over time, however, these new entrants took on additional responsibilities for product design and component procurement."

Como é que a maioria das empresas enfrenta a concorrência de países de mão-de-obra barata?
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Faz asneira, e tenta combater no terreno que dá vantagem a essa concorrência!
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O artigo propõe uma alternativa:

"re-think about the problems that consumers wanted solved and to reframe its own products accordingly."

"Executives who want to counter product commoditization must start by rethinking what problems their organizations could solve, then re-integrating the firm’s activities in a radically new way. They must be prepared to take a path that the firm never imagined it would."

Em vez de se concentrar no produto, concentrar-se no problema, na necessidade, na experiência, em suma, na vida dos clientes-alvo. Muitas vezes, quase sempre, implica, em vez de cortar nos custos, aumentar esses mesmos custos.
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E a sua empresa? Como se está a diferenciar? Está numa de jobs-to-be-done, ou numa de cortar, cortar, cortar?

Customer's Job

Em vez da segmentação dos clientes por regiões geográficas, por idades, por produtos,... prefiro trabalhar com o conceito de proposta de valor.
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Proponho que identifiquemos o cliente-alvo, que lhe dêmos um nome e o interroguemos, o que o leva(rá) a ficar satisfeito com o fornecedor?
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"The process that marketers call market segmentation is, in our parlance, the categorization stage of theory building. Only if managers define market segments that correspond to the circunstances in which customers find themselves when making purchasing decisions can they accurately theorize which products will connect with their customers. When managers segment markets in ways that are misaligned with those circumstances, market segmentation can actually cause them to fail - essentially because it leads managers to aim their new products at phantom targets."
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"... customers "hire" products to do specific "jobs," can help management segment their markets to mirror the way their customers experience life. In so doing, this approach can also uncover opportunities for disruptive innovation."
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Foi deste trecho, retirado de "The Innovator's Solution" de Clayton Christensen e Michael Raynor, que me lembrei quando li este artigo da revista Harvard Business Review de Maio de 2008: "The Customer-Centered Innovation Map" de Lance Bettencourt e Anthony Ulwick.
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"We all know that people “hire” products and services to get a job done. "
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"“job mapping,” breaks down the task the customer wants done into a series of discrete process steps. By deconstructing a job from beginning to end, a company gains a complete view of all the points at which a customer might desire more help from a product or service—namely, at each step in the job. With a job map in hand, a company can analyze the biggest drawbacks of the products and services customers currently use. Job mapping also gives companies a comprehensive framework with which to identify the metrics customers themselves use to measure success in executing a task."