Acerca do ecossistema da procura

Recordei esta história "Arquitecto de paisagens competitivas (parte II)" depois de ler:

"The transition from linear value chain thinking towards collaborative value network thinking renders firm boundaries increasingly permeable, fuzzy and fleeting. All market actors can be viewed as open systems, ‘effectively depending on the resources of others to survive’. This interdependence creates a need for specific exchange and interaction processes  aimed at integrating an actor’s own resources with the resources of other actors,
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The idea of value co-creation in a network includes the idea of reciprocity, that is not only should one be freed from a dyadic perspective, (Moi ici: Deixar de pensar só nos clientes, naqueles que pagam as facturas e alargar o alcance do radar e, perceber que outros, na sua busca e sem ser preciso corrompê-los, podem influenciar os cientes) but also from the provider–customer notion. We take an actor-to-actor perspective and mainly use the term ‘actor’ as a generic construct of all resource integrators, and ‘focal actor’ for the actor that is designing a business model for value co-creation. (Moi ici: Estes são os meus clientes-alvo ideais, actores (empresas) que já perceberam que não chega a relação "1 para 1" e é preciso trabalhar ao nível sistémico, ao nível de um modelo de negócio)
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The relevant actors to include in the analysis vary based on the specific co-creation type the focal actor is aiming for. ... identify a spectrum of co-creation, involving co-conception, co-design, co-production, co-promotion, co-pricing, co-distribution, co-consumption, co-maintenance, co-disposal and co-outsourcing. All of these forms of value co-creation will require different resource configurations amongst various actors.
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The evolution from value created and distributed by the manufacturing firm to value co-created in a network poses focal managerial challenges: How can the focal firm engage customers and other actors in purposeful co-creation?"

Há dias, no Twitter, discutia-se: de que vale um produto excepcional sem o acesso à prateleira, sem a capacidade de comunicar com os utilizadores:

"the evolution of customers from ‘passive audiences’ to ‘active players’. Firms do not exist in order to distribute value along a value chain, but rather to support customers in their value-creating processes. Thus, customers are not to be viewed as extensions of firms’ production processes. Rather, firms need to be viewed as extensions of customers’ value-creating processes."

Trechos retirados de "Designing Business Models for Value Co-Creation" de Kaj Storbacka, Pennie Frow, Suvi Nenonen and Adrian Payne.

Os mercados como configurações (parte II)

Continuado daqui.

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Trechos retirados de "Markets as configurations" de Kaj Storbacka e Suvi Nenonen, publicado pelo European Journal of Marketing Vol. 45 No. 172, 2011, pp. 221-258.

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Trechos que reforçam o ponto de vista de que o futuro pode ser construído, de que os mercados podem ser alterados.

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"Bounded by their rationality, organizations “produce” (Weick, 1995) or “fabricate” (Sarasvathy, 2008) the environments to which they respond through their actions and selective interest. Markets will be results of the managers’ learning based on their observation of the outcomes of their past market actions. Brooks (1995) claims that “enacted markets” are outcomes of prior transactions and interactions between the actors in the network. As markets are defined by the already established relationships, this “structure” forms mental barriers against other perceptions of the market. (Moi ici: Estas barreiras mentais, estes modelos mentais tanto existem nos que desesperam e não vêem alternativas, como nos académicos e políticos que aconselham "Imprimam-se bentos!") Mental models tend to constrict individuals from looking “outside the box”. Individuals (and as a consequence, market actors) become myopic: they do not see – nor accept – things outside the boundaries of their mental model.

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Performativity emerges as a central concept in illustrating how socially constructed market configurations are formed. The notion of performativity, i.e. that the expressed views (theories, social structures, etc.) of actors influence reality, ...

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The performativity of market actors’ mental models means that markets are performed when market actors introduce theories about the market and new boundary definitions. Focal actors need to influence other market actors in such a way that their subjective definition of a market configuration becomes a shared definition. (Moi ici: Uma das minhas funções é esta de facilitar a actuação dos "focal actors": como mudar a configuração de um mercado) A shared market definition is achieved through an oscillating process of interaction and dialogue between individuals – within and between the market actors.

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The market view proposed in this paper suggests that opportunities are not precursors of strategy; rather they are outcomes of deliberate efforts to influence market configurations (Sarasvathy, 2008). (Moi ici: As oportunidades não caem do céu, são criadas pelos "focal actors". Escrevo isto e recordo as palavras de um empresário que, perante uma análise SOWT, se interrogava sobre o que eram oportunidades e o que eram ameaças. Segundo ele, em função de um caminho ou outro que decidisse tomar, o mesmo factor podia nuns casos ser visto como uma oportunidade e noutros casos como uma ameaça.) As actors engage in activities to influence the market configuration, opportunities occur and actors need to be nimble at capturing the value from these. This indicates that the sustainability of competitive advantage – in its most traditional sense – is not that important as it is increasingly difficult to maintain a superior value proposition or competitive strategy for long periods of time.

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Actors can, however, find sustainable competitive advantage from their ability to influence and reconfigure the market configuration to fit their objectives."

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Continua.