Futurizar, futurizar (parte II)

Continuado
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Aprendi há alguns anos o truque de começar pelo fim.
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Vou realizar uma auditoria. OK, quando o meu cliente receber o relatório que perguntas gostaria de ver respondidas? Imagine-se a receber o relatório, já la está no futuro... está a olhar para a capa do relatório, a procurar uma posição confortável na cadeira, e na expectativa de que seja um relatório com valor acrescentado... Acabou de o ler e está satisfeito. Porquê? Porque ficou satisfeito? A que perguntas o relatório deu resposta?
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Vou facilitar um projecto. OK, daqui a X meses vamos estar a celebrar o sucesso do projecto. O que é que é sucesso para o cliente? Imagine-se na pequena festa que festeja o sucesso do projecto. De repente, pedem-lhe um discurso, sem poder fugir, aproveita para listar a todos os presentes as coisas boas que o projecto permitiu atingir.
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Vamos facilitar a reflexão estratégica de uma organização. OK, imaginem-se em 2015, já lá estão, esqueçam os verbos, esqueçam o como lá chegar, tirem fotografias do que vêem, concentrem-se na descrição do ponto de chegada.
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Para mim é quase mágico, o truque funciona. Colocamo-nos mentalmente no futuro e visualizamos o destino onde queremos chegar. Depois, desse ponto, lançamos linhas de pensamento que permitam ligar o presente presente ao presente futuro.
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Algo na linha do que escreveu Ortega Y Gasset "O meu presente não existe senão graças ao meu futuro " e da revolução na indústria "Puxar, não empurrar " com a passagem do "push" para o "pull".
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Assim, foi com interesse que encontrei:
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"Scenario analysis is a popular method for aiding strategic planners in considering a spectrum of possibilities (Wack 1985a). An industrial scenario is a plausible, internally consistent view of the potential environment an organization may face at the end of its planning horizon (Porter 1985)"
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"Typically, scenarios are presented as alternative futures (Godet 1990). That is, planners are asked to envision the future environment as it may exist several years hence.
We define this as having a forward temporal perspective. Some theorists, however, have suggested that forward and backward thinking are different thought processes (Einhorn and Hogarth 1987; Weick 1979)."
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"Should retrospective scenarios produce a greater volume of different planning ideas and should these ideas be of higher quality than prospective (or forward) scenarios, it would then be a potentially useful technique for strategic management, and in building planning support systems. Such a finding would call into question the commonly held assumption that the direction of time makes no difference in scenario presentation and it would provide support to those who have suggested that backward thinking is a different mental process than forward thinking (Einhorn and Hogarth 1987)."
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"Why does retrospective thinking produce these differences in detail and emphasis when the only change is time orientation? Weick (1979) provides a speculative answer: In treating a future event as if it is already past, the event seems more sensible because you can visualize at least one way in which it could come about. Also, there is a greater probability that one or more steps in this process will have been performed in the past, bringing to mind past experiences that are similar. It is easier to analyze an event that is projected and thought of as already accomplished. Sense-making is facilitated because the envisioned completion can be related to similar "cause maps" that have previously been enacted."
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"Einhorn and Hogarth (1987) contend that every decision involves both forward and backward thinking, and that these two methods of thinking are fundamentally different.
Forward thinking is similar to a mathematical algorithm; the decision maker selects available data, evaluates variables, and then predicts an outcome. Backward thinking is more suggestive and intuitive, requiring judgment and diagnostic analysis. "It involves looking for patterns, making links between seemingly unconnected events, testing possible chains of causation to explain an event, and finding a metaphor or theory to help in looking forward." (p. 66)."
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Trechos retirados do artigo "CREATIVITY IN STRATEGIC PLANNING: THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPORAL PERSPECTIVE" assinado por Bruce Rollier e Jon A. Turner.