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Em tempos descobri que éramos conhecidos como a "Portuguese trap".
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Pois bem, depois de ter descoberto o paradoxo de Kaldor, agora descubro "a armadilha de Pasinetti" e parece-me tão familiar:
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"According to Pasinetti an economic system at constant composition with a fixed number of sectors would run into a bottleneck due to the imbalance between continuously growing efficiency and saturating demand.
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This imbalance would allow all demanded output to be produced with a declining proportion of labour and of the other productive resources. Such a bottleneck, which from now on we will call Pasinetti's trap, could be avoided by means of innovations which gave rise to new sectors and would compensate for the growing inability of incumbent sectors to generate employment. Pasinetti's reasoning can be translated into the following two hypotheses about the relationship of efficiency and variety: (Saviotti, 1996, 2007):
- Hypothesis 1: The growth in variety is a necessary requirement for long-term economic development.
- Hypothesis 2: Variety growth, leading to the development of new sectors, and efficiency growth in pre-existing sectors, are complementary and not independent aspects of economic development.
Irrespective of whether one agrees with Pasinetti, the imbalance between continuously growing efficiency (Moi ici: Apostando no lean, olhando para dentro, reduzindo custos, despedindo pessoal, sendo mais eficiente, desperdiçando cada vez menos) and saturating demand (Moi ici: Sem apresentar novidades, sem rasgo, sem diferenciação, com a erosão progressiva do producer surplus por causa da erosão progressiva do "perceived value in use") represents a different meaning of creative destruction. If not compensated by the emergence of new sectors (Moi ici: Isto implica liberdade económica, isto implica redução da protecção do Estado aos incumbentes, isto implica que o Estado não faz escolhas sobre o que é que merece ver a luz do dia ou não) this imbalance would bring the economic system to a halt. (Moi ici: De onde virá a nossa década perdida? Caímos na armadilha de Pasinetti com uma agravante, a protecção do Estado não resultou por causa da queda do Muro de Berlim que acelerou o vector de destruição 3 de Saviotti "3) Growing competition from emerging countries which acquire the capability to make the same goods and services as in highly developed countries bur at lower cost") In this case growing productive efficiency would entail a destruction which could be compensated by the creative emergence of new sectors."
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Como escrevi há dias, Sócrates queria seguir o exemplo da Finlândia na inovação mas não percebeu que o novo só surge quando se permite a destruição dos incumbentes instalados..
