Neste blogue escreve-se com regularidade sobre Mongo, um mundo cheio de "weird people", um mundo com cada vez mais diversidade de tribos apaixonadas, um mundo em que as produções não precisam de ser de milhões de unidades semelhantes produzidas em unidades assépticas por autómatos perfeitos, mas sairão de oficinas de modernos artesãos que interagem com os seus clientes. Em Mongo funciona a concorrência imperfeita, mais do que competição pratica-se o "live and let live".
Este texto, "If America’s Economy Is Winner-Take-All, Why Are Some Smaller Businesses Thriving?" tem tudo a ver com Mongo:
"markups have soared from 18% in 1980 to 67% today. If that change is being driven by a rise in market power, then the fundamental nature of the American economy has changed over the last four decades
...
The new paper shows that markups are actually increasing faster for small businesses than for large ones. This is precisely the opposite of what we would expect in an environment dominated by large, powerful firms. In that environment, we would expect smaller firms to face stronger pressure to cut prices. In fact, the story this data tells is less one of declining competition and domination by a handful of large multinational firms than it is a story of ever increasing market power by relatively small businesses.
.
And that offers a clue as to what is truly happening. The following is speculative, but so far it is my best guess at how to square the data. In 1980, we had healthy “Main Streets” all over the U.S. Small- and medium-sized businesses were in fairly robust competition with one another. Likewise, local manufacturers participated in a nationwide marketplace in which each of them had little market power.
.
Over the next several decades, that economy was replaced by one of big-box retailers and global supply chains. Those giant retailers brought even lower prices. The competition was so intense that the typical Main Street business couldn’t keep up. Manufacturers who already faced low profit margins in the national marketplace were completely driven out of business by suppliers from around the world.
.
Yet, as intense as this competition was, it didn’t drive all small businesses out of business, and it didn’t signal an end to U.S. manufacturing. The smaller businesses that survived were precisely the ones that couldn’t be undercut by big-box retailers and global suppliers. They offered a specialized retail experience, a niche product, or simply served a market that was otherwise hard to reach.[Moi ici: Recordar aqui o exemplo da Marlin, sobre como se foge da concorrência pelo preço, como se sobe na escala de valor]
.
The sweeping away of the small, generalized firm made room for the rise of increasingly specialized local businesses, offering what might be thought of as a more artisanal experience. Yes, these firms charge more than the amount needed to cover costs, but those markups don’t represent a lack of competition. Instead, they represent a return to the particular skills or vision necessary to make a specialized product. Economists refer to this market pattern as monopolistic competition, and it provides the variety of products and services that consumers in wealthy, developed economies desire.
.
If my story is correct, the trend toward higher markups is linked to the major changes sweeping the American economy, as the researchers argue. However, it isn’t the cause of them. Instead, it is another consequence of the radical changes brought about by globalization, and the creative destruction that continues to reshape American Main Streets."
Sem comentários:
Enviar um comentário