A minha solução não passa por aqui (II)

Continuado daqui.
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Acredito na virtude da destruição criativa. A remoção de empresas não competitivas liberta espaço competitivo (recursos) para quem pode competir de forma sustentada, pelo menos durante mais alguns anos, até que o espaço, o contexto competitivo se altere, ou seja alterado por novos actores, ou por actores que entretanto se reformularam e adoptaram posicionamentos comparativamente mais vantajosos.
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Ou seja, menos apoios e menos subsídios, e mais sangue empresarial na calçada!
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"Want faster European growth? Learn to love creative destruction" de Nicholas Crafts: "There is substantial evidence that competition and potential entry promotes productivity growth in today's European economies."
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"Appropriate Growth Policy: A Unifying Framework" de Philippe Aghion e Peter Howitt: "the idea here is that increased entry, and increased threat of entry, enhance innovation and productivity growth, not just because these are the direct result of quality-improving innovations from new entrants, but also because the threat of being driven out by a potential entrant gives incumbent firms an incentive to innovate in order to escape entry, through an effect that works much like the escape-competition effect described above. Note that it is important here that new entrants replace incumbent firms, in other words that entry be associated with firm turnover."
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Ou como referem Richard Foster e Sarah Kaplan no livro "Creative Destruction - Why Compamires That Are Built to Last Underperform the Market - and How to Successfully Transform Them":
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"the idea here is that increased entry, and increased threat of entry, enhance innovation and productivity growth, not just because these are the direct result of quality-improving innovations from new entrants, but also because the threat of being driven out by a potential entrant gives incumbent firms an incentive to innovate in order to escape entry, through an effect that works much like the escape-competition effect described above. Note that it is important here that new entrants replace incumbent firms, in other words that entry be associated with firm turnover."
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"the idea here is that increased entry, and increased threat of entry, enhance innovation and productivity growth, not just because these are the direct result of quality-improving innovations from new entrants, but also because the threat of being driven out by a potential entrant gives incumbent firms an incentive to innovate in order to escape entry, through an effect that works much like the escape-competition effect described above. Note that it is important here that new entrants replace incumbent firms, in other words that entry be associated with firm turnover."
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Afinal o que é que aconteceu nos últimos anos ao nosso têxtil e calçado? Incapazes de competir numa nova paisagem competitiva, muitas empresas fecharam, para dar lugar a empresas que se posicionaram em novas zonas do espaço competitivo, empresas com outras armas, com outras estratégias e com outros níveis de produtividade.
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Mais importante ainda do que o aumento das qualificações das pessoas é a renovação do tecido empresarial como se ilustra no exemplo finlandês:
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"It is widely believed that restructuring has boosted productivity by displacing low-skilled workers and creating jobs for the high skilled."
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Mas, e como isto é profundo:"In essence, creative destruction means that low productivity plants are displaced by high productivity plants." Por favor voltar a trás e reler esta última afirmação.
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E o grande finale:"As creative destruction is shown to be an important element of economic growth, there is definitely a case for public policy to support this process, or at least avoid disturbing it without good reason. Competition in product markets is important. Subsidies, on the other hand, may insulate low productivity plants and firms from healthy market selection, and curb incentives for improving their productivity performance. Business failures, plant shutdowns and layoffs are the unavoidable byproducts of economic development."
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No próximo postal vamos abordar uma possível explicação para a aridez das propostas que só conseguem olhar para os custos ou para soluções como o arranque da vinha, ou o abate de barcos (típicas da Comissão Europeia e suportadas por paletes e resmas de relatórios muito racionais).
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