O equilibrio entre o futuro e o presente.
Uma empresa bem sucedida hoje, se se concentrar integralmente na rentabilização da exploração do que existe, mais tarde ou mais cedo vai caír na armadilha da impreparação para enfrentar o futuro, quando as condições mudam, quando o ambiente económico muda.
Nas deambulações do meu esforço de auto-didactismo, para perceber melhor o mundo económico com que as organizações se deparam encontrei este artigo, já com quase 15 anos, "EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING" de JAMES G. MARCH, uma cópia pode ser encontrada aqui.
Um excerto, só para aguçar o apetite:
"Exploration includes things captured by terms such as search, variation, risk taking, experimentation, play, flexibility, discovery, innovation. Exploitation includes such things as refinement, choice, production, efficiency, selection, implementation, execution. Adaptive systems that engage in exploration to the exclusion of exploitation are likely to find that they suffer the costs of experimentation without gaining many of its benefits. They exhibit too many undeveloped new ideas and too little distinctive competence. Conversely, systems that engage in exploitation to the exclusion of exploration are likely to find themselves trapped in suboptimal stable equilibria. As a result, maintaining an appropriate balance between exploration and exploitation is a primary factor in system survival and prosperity."
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"Both exploration and exploitation are essential for organizations, but they compete for scarce resources. As a result, organizations make explicit and implicit choices between the two."
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"Compared to returns from exploitation, returns from exploration are systematically less certain, more remote in time, and organizationally more distant from the locus of action and adaption. What is good in the long run is not always good in the short run. What is good at a particular historical moment is not always good at another time. What is good for one part of an organization is not always good for another part. What is good for an organization is not always good for a larger social system of which it is a part."
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Quando existe uma pressão exagerada sobre a administração de uma empresa, para obter lucros e rentabilidades exageradas, é fácil esquecer o futuro (exploration) e concentrar tudo no presente (exploitation).
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