Acerca da ordem espontânea

A propósito deste postal "o que é, afinal, o “mercado”?", ontem à noite apanhei a meio um programa no canal Odisseia onde um indivíduo falava com especialistas que lhe explicavam como os comportamentos, aparentemente organizados, de colónias de formigas e de enxames de gafanhotos, resultam do somatório das decisões locais de cada indivíduo.
.
O programa terminou com a viagem a uma localidade na Holanda onde a autarquia acabou com os passeios, acabou com os polícias de trânsito, acabou com os sinais stop e com os semáforos e... conseguiu reduzir os acidentes de trânsito e as mortes na estrada.

A poluição da informação

Dois postais que me deixaram a pensar:
.
"The Pollution of Information" no blogue Economist's View e "Japan’s butter saga: The government steps in" no blogue 26econ.com
.

Comecemos pelo último: "After a three-month shortage, you’d think that butter prices would rise, and supply would increase. Instead the government has to force producers to increase output. Like I said before, there’s plenty of milk on supermarket shelves. Why is it necessary for the government to order firms to reallocate production toward butter? It seems that something is going wrong in the market (some kind of market failure), although I don’t really know what the basic problem is. "

.

Para quem não sabe, o mercado agro-alimentar japonês é muito ineficiente. O governo japonês, para proteger a sua agricultura e auto-subsistência alimentar tem uma paranóia... basta comparar o rendimento por hectare das culturas agrícolas japoneses e tailandesas, por exemplo.

.

Abordemos agora o primeiro postal:

.

"The first case of information pollution is in the price system. This is something which is familiar to economists, though not under this name. The price system, however, is an information system in the sense that it tells people what to do that pays off for them. If the price system fails to reflect the realities of what economists call the system of alternative costs, it is likely to produce false decisions. "

.

"A second source of information pollution results from the development of large scale organizations and the inevitable hierarchy which results. A hierarchy pollutes information, again because of a kind of distortion of the payoffs. A person rises in a hierarchy by pleasing his superior. He frequently pleases his superior by telling him what that superior wants to hear. Even at the subconscious level, therefore, there is a constant tendency for hierarchy to corrupt communications, and for necessary information to be filtered out before it reaches the top decision makers. The bigger the organization, the more likely are its top decision makers to be living in a wholly imaginary world."

.

"The third form of information pollution might be described as the problem of saliency. All human beings suffer from some kind of information overload, and under these circumstances it is the dramatic and salient information which breaks through the barriers that we all set up against information input. Hence our images of the world are perverted in the direction of the dramatic and away from those things which happen to be true and important but are not dramatic"