Evolution is smarter than we are

"As the biochemist Leslie Orgel famously remarked, ‘Evolution is cleverer than you are’, meaning that when an evolutionary process is let loose upon a problem, it will often find solutions that no human designer would have dreamed of. But there is an unhelpful corollary to Orgel’s maxim: if the problem is misstated then evolution is likely to find loopholes few of us could have imagined. In biological evolution, of course, there is no one to misstate the objective. Genes succeed if they are passed down the generations. But with Karl Sims’s virtual evolution, it was Sims who set the criteria for reproductive success and the results were sometimes perverse. There is a revealing moment in the video which displays a creature that evolved to move quickly on land. The creature, a crude slab of a body with two blocks loosely attached, simply rolls around and around in a wide circle, its ‘head’ staying still while its ‘legs’, crossing and uncrossing, mark out the circle’s circumference. The virtual creature looks like one of life’s losers, but it isn’t: it’s a winner, because it is achieving the goal Karl Sims set: move quickly on a flat plane.
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we discovered that the economy is itself an evolutionary environment in which a huge variety of ingenious profit-seeking strategies emerge through a decentralised process of trial and error. As Leslie Orgel’s rule suggests, what emerges is far more brilliant than any single planner could have dreamed up. But as the dark side of Orgel’s rule predicts, if the rules of the economic game are poorly written, economic evolution will find the loopholes. That is why sensible-seeming environmental rules can produce perverse results: rainforest chopped down to produce palm oil; trucks laden with woodchips braving the congestion of central London; the rise and rise of the SUV. Evolution is smarter than we are, and economic evolution tends to outsmart the rules we erect to guide it."
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Trechos retirados do capítulo V do livro "Adapt" de Tim Harford

Adapt - últimos recortes

"Disruptive innovations are disruptive precisely because the new technology doesn’t appeal to the traditional customers: it is different and for their purposes, it’s inferior. But for a small niche of new customers the new disruptive product is exactly what is needed.
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The problem for a market leader in the old technology is not necessarily that it lacks the capacity to innovate, but that it lacks the will. When a disruptive technology appears, it may confound an existing player because the technology itself is so radically different
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More often, Christensen found, the problem was not technological but psychological and organisational: it is hard for a major organisation to pay much attention to a piddling new idea that makes little money and invites a yawn or a blank stare from important customers."

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Eheheh... e quem é que recebe os apoios e subsídios?

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A empresa grande, onde mais postos de trabalho estão em risco, onde há toda uma autoridade da tradição, do que sempre funcionou, sempre foi assim que fizemos... ou o tiro no escuro?

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Pois, é isto que as políticas de apoio aos centros de decisão nacional, de apoio aos campeões nacionais, promovem.

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Ultimo recorte do livro "Adapt - Why Success Always Starts With Failure" de Tim Harford.

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Preocupante, acabar de ler e ouvir um livro que defende a tese de que tudo o que é demasiado grande para falhar, não testa, não experimenta, não selecciona, não se adapta... o mais provável é viver numa constante negação e em intrincados processos mentais que protegem a visão da realidade crua e nua:

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"While denial is the process of refusing to acknowledge a mistake, and loss-chasing is the process of causing more damage while trying to hastily erase the mistake, hedonic editing is a subtler process of convincing ourselves that the mistake doesn’t matter. One way we do this is by bundling together losses with gains, like a child trying to eat some disliked healthy foodstuff by mashing it up with something tasty until the whole mess is palatable but unrecognisable. (Moi ici: Faz lembrar a última entrevista de Vitor Gaspar e a sua afirmação sobre o Estado Social)

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A different psychological process, but with a similar effect on our ability to learn from our mistakes, is simply to reinterpret our failures as successes. We persuade ourselves that what we did was not that bad; in fact, everything worked out for the best."  (Moi ici: Faz lembrar Cravinho, Paulo Campos, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, ...)
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Sim... viver sob o poder de um Estado cada vez maior... sob a ilusão que a informática tudo resolve... oh boy! Kafka is so much alive! Kafka rules!!!

O socialismo científico - alive and kicking

Tenho idade suficiente para ter ouvido na TV pessoas, como Mário Soares e Vítor Constâncio, falarem com ar sério e compenetrado sobre as vantagens do socialismo científico.
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Ontem, na fita do tempo do twitter, via @GabrielfSilva, encontrei esta tolice decidida pelo Chavismo que está a arrastar a Venezuela para os Infernos:
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«firms will have to report production costs so officials can set what is deemed a fair price.»
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Hoje de manhã, durante o jogging descobri esta pérola sobre o socialismo científico:
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"Allende was elected President of Chile in 1970 on a Marxist platform, and went on to sponsor one of the most surreal examples of the planner’s dream, Project CyberSyn. CyberSyn used a ‘supercomputer’ called the Burroughs 3500, and a network of telex machines, in an attempt to coordinate decision-making in an increasingly nationalised economy.
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Workers – or more usually, managers – would telex reports of production, shortages and other information at 5 o’clock each morning. Operators would feed the information into the Burroughs 3500, and by 5 p.m. a report could be presented to Allende for his executive input. As with the effects-based operations it predated, CyberSyn would allow for feedback and second-order effects. Some CyberSyn defenders argue that the system was designed to devolve decision-making to the appropriately local level, but that does not seem to be what Allende had in mind when he said that, ‘We are and always shall be in favour of a centralised economy, and companies will have to conform to the Government’s planning.’
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The project was not a success. Chile’s economy collapsed, thanks to a combination of the chaos brought on by an ambitious programme of nationalisation, industrial unrest, and overt and covert economic hostility from the United States."
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Só que o socialismo científico travestiu-se e contaminou até os Estados Unidos:
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"Donald Rumsfeld had better computers at his disposal than Salvador Allende, but the dream was much the same: information delivered in detail, real-time, to a command centre from which computer-aided decisions could be sent back to the front line. Rumsfeld pored over real-time data from the theatre of war and sent memos about minor operational qestions to generals such as Abizaid and Casey. But even had Rumsfeld been less of a control freak, the technology was designed to empower a centralised decision maker, be it the secretary of defense or a four-star general.
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But such systems always deliver less than they promise, because they remain incapable of capturing the tacit knowledge that really matters."
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Esta mania do planeamento centralizado... CyberSyn... faz-me lembrar Citius na Justiça por cá.
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Graças a Deus que estamos a entranharmos-nos num mundo, Mongo, onde cada vez mais estas tentativas centralizadoras vão ser ridicularizadas, abandonadas, para darem lugar a um toque local... Ghemawatt e o seu "World 3.0" são apenas mais um exemplo disso.
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Trechos retirados de "Adapt" de Tim Harford que se arrisca a ser a minha melhor leitura de 2011, e mais, é mais uma leitura que vou aconselhar aos meus filhos.
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BTW, H.R. McMaster e David Petraeus, oficiais americanos no Iraque são duas personagens...
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Dedico estas duas citações a todos aqueles que pedem uma estratégia para o país e para a sua economia, a todos aqueles que pensam com uma candura e inocência que a "retoma" (detesto esta palavra) está assente nas acções do ministro Álvaro.
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‘It’s so damn complex. If you ever think you have the solution to this, you’re wrong and you’re dangerous.’ – H.R. McMaster
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‘In the absence of guidance or orders, figure out what they should have been … ’ – part of a sign on a command-post door in west Baghdad, commandeered by David Petraeus