""Waste" is a word with a lot of associations: Garbage. Landfills. "A waste of time." But in this book, I want to use a version of the term prevalent in the world of lean thinking (and mentioned briefly in the introduction), which says: Waste is anything that doesn't add value to your work in the customer's eyes.
...
Many organizations use the acronym DOWNTIME inspired by the Toyota Production System, which for operations researchers is sort of like the Holy of Holies-to capture eight possible categories of waste:
- Defects
- Overproduction
- Waiting
- Nonutilized talent
- Transportation
- Inventory
- Motion
- Excess processing
...To illustrate all eight elements, let's analyze waste in a hypothetical bakery:Defects: Burned cookies, sad shriveled croissantsOverproduction: The donuts thrown out at the end of the dayWaiting: The worker twiddling thumbs, waiting for dough to riseNonutilized talent: A cake decorator washing dishesTransportation: The flour bag being stored too far from the mixer, requiring it to be moved back and forth constantlyInventory: Overbought milk that went badMotion (the people version of Transportation): The counter staff's thousands of unnecessary steps going back and forth from the register to the distant coffeepotExcess processing: Birthday cakes being iced using an obscure French technique that pleases the pastry chef but goes unnoticed by the customer, who just wants their kid's name spelled right. [Moi ici: Este exemplo é particularmente feliz porque nos alerta para o erro de querer ser excelente em algo que os clientes não valorizam]"
Trechos retirados de "Reset: How to Change What's Not Working" de Dan Heath
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