Acerca da concorrência imperfeita

Pode-se dizer que na óptica da concorrência imperfeita:

"As an evolutionary, process theory of competition, resources-advantaged, R-A, theory views (I) innovation and organizational learning as endogenous to competition, (2) firms and consumers as having imperfect information, and (3) institutions and public policy as affecting economic performance. Specifically, firms and resources are proposed as the heritable, durable units of evolutionary selection, with competition for a comparative advantage in resources constituting the selection process. Because the selection process focuses on firms and resources that are locally fitter, not maximally fittest, R-A theory is non-consummatory (i.e., there is no predetermined end point for the process of competition) (Moi ici: Os que criticam as decisões tomadas no passado, à luz da situação de hoje, não percebem isto... todas as estratégias vencedoras são transientes. Decisões tomadas antes da China entrar no circuito internacional ou antes dos países da Europa de Leste aderirem à UE eram, se calhar, válidas para esse universo. Recordar “… there are no “sunset” industries condemned to disappear in high wage economies, although there are certainly sunset and condemned strategies, among them building a business on the advantages to be gained by cheap labor” ou também"“Likewise, we cannot say any single strategy in the Prisioner’s Dilemma ecology was a winner. .Lindgren’s model showed that once in a while, a particular strategy would rise up, dominate the game for a while, have its day in the sun, and then inevitably be brought down by some innovative competitor. Sometimes, several strategies shared the limelight, battling for “market share” control of the game board, and then an outsider would come in and bring them all down. During other periods, two strategies working as a symbiotic pair would rise up together – but then if one got into trouble, both collapsed.”…“We discovered that there is no one best strategy; rather, the evolutionary process creates an ecosystem of strategies – an ecosystem that changes over time in Schumpeterian gales of creative destruction.”) and, therefore, the theory accommodates path dependencies. Thus, though R-A competition is a process that is moving, it is not moving toward some ideal point (such as a Pareto-optimal, general equilibrium).
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Because R-A theory adopts a resource-based view of the firm, firms are theorized to be historically situated combiners or heterogeneous, imperfectly mobile resources. Combining the resource-based view of the firm with heterogeneous demand and imperfect information results in diversity in the sizes. scopes, and levels of profitability of firms. This diversity exists not only across industries but for firms within the same industry. R-A theory stresses the importance or market segments, a comparative advantage (disadvantage) in resources, and marketplace positions of competitive advantage (disadvantage). Market segments are intra-industry groups of consumers whose tastes and preferences for an industry's output are relatively homogeneous. (The ultimate segment is, of course, a segment of one.) Resources are the tangible and intangible entities available to the firm that enable it to produce efficiently and/or effectively a market offering that has value for some market segment(s). Because many of the resources of firms within an industry are significantly heterogeneous and relatively immobile, some firms will have a comparative advantage and others a comparative disadvantage in efficiently and/or effectively producing market offerings that have value for particular market segments."

Trechos retirados de "A General Theory of Competition: Resources, Competences, Productivity, Economic Growth (Marketing for a New Century)"